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Rouaud A, Calder AE, Hasler G. Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:217-224. [PMID: 38214279 PMCID: PMC10944580 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231225609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Though microdosing psychedelics has become increasingly popular, its long-term effects on cardiac health remain unknown. Microdosing most commonly involves ingesting sub-threshold doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, or other psychedelic drugs 2-4 times a week for at least several weeks, but potentially months or years. Concerningly, both LSD and psilocybin share structural similarities with medications which raise the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy when taken regularly, including methysergide, pergolide, and fenfluramine. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which is also reportedly used for microdosing, is likewise associated with heart valve damage when taken chronically. In this review, we evaluate the evidence that microdosing LSD, psilocybin, and other psychedelics for several months or more could raise the risk of cardiac fibrosis. We discuss the relationship between drug-induced cardiac fibrosis and the 5-HT2B receptor, and we make recommendations for evaluating the safety of microdosing psychedelics in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Rouaud
- University of Fribourg Center for Psychiatric Research, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abigail E. Calder
- University of Fribourg Center for Psychiatric Research, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- University of Fribourg Center for Psychiatric Research, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Vitznau, Switzerland
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2
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Xu P, Huang S, Krumm BE, Zhuang Y, Mao C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang XP, Liu YF, He X, Li H, Yin W, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Roth BL, Xu HE. Structural genomics of the human dopamine receptor system. Cell Res 2023; 33:604-616. [PMID: 37221270 PMCID: PMC10397222 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system, including five dopamine receptors (D1R to D5R), plays essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS); and ligands that activate dopamine receptors have been used to treat many neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's Disease (PD) and schizophrenia. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of all five subtypes of human dopamine receptors in complex with G protein and bound to the pan-agonist, rotigotine, which is used to treat PD and restless legs syndrome. The structures reveal the basis of rotigotine recognition in different dopamine receptors. Structural analysis together with functional assays illuminate determinants of ligand polypharmacology and selectivity. The structures also uncover the mechanisms of dopamine receptor activation, unique structural features among the five receptor subtypes, and the basis of G protein coupling specificity. Our work provides a comprehensive set of structural templates for the rational design of specific ligands to treat CNS diseases targeting the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Youwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Isaacson SH, Hauser RA, Pahwa R, Gray D, Duvvuri S. Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: Impact of D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptor subtype selectivity and avenues for future treatment. Clin Park Relat Disord 2023; 9:100212. [PMID: 37497384 PMCID: PMC10366643 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are limited by adverse effects (AEs). DAs can vary considerably in their receptor subtype selectivity and affinity, chemical composition, receptor occupancy, and intrinsic activity on the receptor. Most currently approved DAs for PD treatment primarily target D2/D3 (D2-like) dopamine receptors. However, selective activation of D1/D5 (D1-like) dopamine receptors may enable robust activation of motor function while avoiding AEs related to D2/D3 receptor agonism. Full D1/D5 receptor-selective agonists have been explored in small, early-phase clinical studies, and although their efficacy for motor symptoms was robust, challenges with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, cardiovascular AEs, and dyskinesia rates similar to levodopa prevented clinical advancement. Generally, repeated dopaminergic stimulation with full DAs is associated with frontostriatal dysfunction and sensitization that may induce plastic changes in the motor system, and neuroadaptations that produce long-term motor and nonmotor complications, respectively. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that a D1/D5 receptor-selective partial agonist may hold promise for providing sustained, predictable, and robust motor control, while reducing risk for motor complications (e.g., levodopa-induced dyskinesia) and nonmotor AEs (e.g., impulse control disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness). Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this hypothesis. The potential emerging availability of novel dopamine receptor agonists with selective dopamine receptor pharmacology suggests that the older terminology "dopamine agonist" may need revision to distinguish older-generation D2/D3-selective agonists from D1/D5-selective agonists with distinct efficacy and tolerability characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H. Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Robert A. Hauser
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David Gray
- Vigil Neuroscience, Inc, Watertown, MA, USA
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Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim B, Yang G, Kim JU. Natural Products as the Potential to Improve Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108827. [PMID: 37240173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, and their incidence rates are increasing as our society ages. This creates a significant social and economic burden. Although the exact cause and treatment methods for these diseases are not yet known, research suggests that Alzheimer's disease is caused by amyloid precursor protein, while α-synuclein acts as a causative agent in Parkinson's disease. The accumulation of abnormal proteins such as these can lead to symptoms such as loss of protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which ultimately result in the death of nerve cells and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The medications currently available for these diseases only delay their progression and have many adverse effects, which has led to increased interest in developing natural products with fewer adverse effects. In this study, we selected specific keywords and thesis content to investigate natural products that are effective in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We reviewed 16 papers on natural products and found that they showed promising mechanisms of action such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial function improvement. Other natural products with similar properties could also be considered potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, and they can be consumed as part of a healthy diet rather than as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Kim
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
- Da Capo Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjung Kim
- Department of Oriental Health Management, Kyung Hee Cyber University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Republic of Korea
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5
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Bandala C, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Contreras-García IJ, Martínez-López V, Cruz-Hernández TR, Carro-Rodríguez J, Vargas-Hernández MA, Ignacio-Mejía I, Alfaro-Rodriguez A, Lara-Padilla E. Therapeutic Potential of Dopamine and Related Drugs as Anti-Inflammatories and Antioxidants in Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Pathologies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020693. [PMID: 36840015 PMCID: PMC9966027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), its derivatives, and dopaminergic drugs are compounds widely used in the management of diseases related to the nervous system. However, DA receptors have been identified in nonneuronal tissues, which has been related to their therapeutic potential in pathologies such as sepsis or septic shock, blood pressure, renal failure, diabetes, and obesity, among others. In addition, DA and dopaminergic drugs have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in different kinds of cells. AIM To compile the mechanism of action of DA and the main dopaminergic drugs and show the findings that support the therapeutic potential of these molecules for the treatment of neurological and non-neurological diseases considering their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. METHOD We performed a review article. An exhaustive search for information was carried out in specialized databases such as PubMed, PubChem, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Bookshelf, DrugBank, Livertox, and Clinical Trials. RESULTS We showed that DA and dopaminergic drugs have emerged for the management of neuronal and nonneuronal diseases with important therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatories and antioxidants. CONCLUSIONS DA and DA derivatives can be an attractive treatment strategy and a promising approach to slowing the progression of disorders through repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bandala
- Neurociencia Básica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (E.L.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-5999-1000 (ext. 19307) (C.B.); +52-(55)-57296000 (ext. 62712) (E.L.-P.)
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | | | | | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | | | - Jazmín Carro-Rodríguez
- Escuela de Biología Experimental, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | | | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodriguez
- Neurociencia Básica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (E.L.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-5999-1000 (ext. 19307) (C.B.); +52-(55)-57296000 (ext. 62712) (E.L.-P.)
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6
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Kabir MT, Ferdous Mitu J, Akter R, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Rahman MS, Damiri F, Berrada M, Rahman MH. Therapeutic potential of dopamine agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46385-46404. [PMID: 35486279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health concern that has affected almost 415 million people globally. Bromocriptine is a dopamine D2 agonist, which is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, it is considered that a novel treatment therapy is required which can be used in the treatment of diabetes with or without other antidiabetic agents. Dopamine agonists are usually used in neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), restless leg syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia. However, dopamine agonists including bromocriptine and cabergoline are also effective in reducing the glycemic level in T2DM patients. Bromocriptine was formerly used for the treatment of PD, hyperprolactinemia, and restless leg syndrome, but now it is used for improving glycemic levels as well as reducing free fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition, cabergoline has been found to be effective in glycemic control, but this drug is yet to be approved by the FDA due to its limitations and lack of study. Findings of the clinical trials of bromocriptine have suggested that it reduces almost 0.4-0.8% glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular risk by 40% in insulin-resistant patients. Moreover, the safe use of bromocriptine in obese T2DM patients makes it a more attractive option as it causes weight loss. Indeed, bromocriptine is a novel therapy for T2DM patients, as its mechanism of action is unique in T2DM patients with minimal adverse effects. This review summarizes the potential of dopamine agonists in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Raushanara Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Md Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea.
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7
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Zhuang Y, Xu P, Mao C, Wang L, Krumm B, Zhou XE, Huang S, Liu H, Cheng X, Huang XP, Shen DD, Xu T, Liu YF, Wang Y, Guo J, Jiang Y, Jiang H, Melcher K, Roth BL, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Xu HE. Structural insights into the human D1 and D2 dopamine receptor signaling complexes. Cell 2021; 184:931-942.e18. [PMID: 33571431 PMCID: PMC8215686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The D1- and D2-dopamine receptors (D1R and D2R), which signal through Gs and Gi, respectively, represent the principal stimulatory and inhibitory dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. D1R and D2R also represent the main therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and many other neuropsychiatric disorders, and insight into their signaling is essential for understanding both therapeutic and side effects of dopaminergic drugs. Here, we report four cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of D1R-Gs and D2R-Gi signaling complexes with selective and non-selective dopamine agonists, including two currently used anti-Parkinson's disease drugs, apomorphine and bromocriptine. These structures, together with mutagenesis studies, reveal the conserved binding mode of dopamine agonists, the unique pocket topology underlying ligand selectivity, the conformational changes in receptor activation, and potential structural determinants for G protein-coupling selectivity. These results provide both a molecular understanding of dopamine signaling and multiple structural templates for drug design targeting the dopaminergic system.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/analogs & derivatives
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Conserved Sequence
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Mutant Proteins/chemistry
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/ultrastructure
- Signal Transduction
- Structural Homology, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhuang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sijie Huang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tinghai Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yong-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Guo
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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8
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Maitra U, Harding T, Liang Q, Ciesla L. GardeninA confers neuroprotection against environmental toxin in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:162. [PMID: 33547411 PMCID: PMC7864937 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain. Epidemiological studies have implicated exposures to environmental toxins like the herbicide paraquat as major contributors to Parkinson’s disease etiology in both mammalian and invertebrate models. We have employed a paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease model in Drosophila as an inexpensive in vivo platform to screen therapeutics from natural products. We have identified the polymethoxyflavonoid, GardeninA, with neuroprotective potential against paraquat-induced parkinsonian symptoms involving reduced survival, mobility defects, and loss of dopaminergic neurons. GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection is not solely dependent on its antioxidant activities but also involves modulation of the neuroinflammatory and cellular death responses. Furthermore, we have successfully shown GardeninA bioavailability in the fly heads after oral administration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanistic insight into GardeninA-mediated neuroprotection against environmental toxin-induced Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis for novel therapeutic intervention. Maitra and colleagues identify the neuroprotective properties of GardeninA against environmental toxin-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila. This study has the potential to influence future research into toxin-induced Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA.
| | - Thomas Harding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, 2004 Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0344, USA.
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9
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Anokhin PK, Veretinskaya AG, Pavshintsev VV, Shamakina IY. [The effect of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist cabergoline on the content of catecholamines and expression of BDNF mRNA in the rat midbrain and hypothalamus]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:54-59. [PMID: 31851173 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911911154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study an effect of cabergoline on dopamine and noradrenaline concentration and BDNF mRNA level in the rat midbrain and hypothalamus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty adult male Wistar rats were used in a single treatment paradigm: animals of the treatment group (n=10) received cabergoline (i.p., 0.5 mg/kg) and the control group (n=10) received an equivalent volume of the solvent. Quantitative analysis for the dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrochemical detection. BDNF mRNA levels were studied using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Cabergoline significantly increases NA concentration in the midbrain 24 hours after injection: 639.2±64.5 ng/g in the treatment group versus 398.0±66.0 ng/g in the control group (p<0.05), while mean content of DA is not significantly changed (211.4±16.3 ng/g vs 169.7±54.6 ng/g, respectively). Cabergoline does not affect hypothalamic DA and NA levels. The drug increases BDNF mRNA levels by 2-times in the midbrain, but not in the hypothalamus, 24 hours after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Anokhin
- Nationa Research Center on Addiction - The Branch of Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Veretinskaya
- Nationa Research Center on Addiction - The Branch of Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I Yu Shamakina
- Nationa Research Center on Addiction - The Branch of Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Muthuraman M, Koirala N, Ciolac D, Pintea B, Glaser M, Groppa S, Tamás G, Groppa S. Deep Brain Stimulation and L-DOPA Therapy: Concepts of Action and Clinical Applications in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:711. [PMID: 30210436 PMCID: PMC6119713 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is still the most effective pharmacological therapy for the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) almost four decades after it was first used. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a safe and highly effective treatment option in patients with PD. Even though a clear understanding of the mechanisms of both treatment methods is yet to be obtained, the combination of both treatments is the most effective standard evidenced-based therapy to date. Recent studies have demonstrated that DBS is a therapy option even in the early course of the disease, when first complications arise despite a rigorous adjustment of the pharmacological treatment. The unique feature of this therapeutic approach is the ability to preferentially modulate specific brain networks through the choice of stimulation site. The clinical effects have been unequivocally confirmed in recent studies; however, the impact of DBS and the supplementary effect of L-DOPA on the neuronal network are not yet fully understood. In this review, we present emerging data on the presumable mechanisms of DBS in patients with PD and discuss the pathophysiological similarities and differences in the effects of DBS in comparison to dopaminergic medication. Targeted, selective modulation of brain networks by DBS and pharmacodynamic effects of L-DOPA therapy on the central nervous system are presented. Moreover, we outline the perioperative algorithms for PD patients before and directly after the implantation of DBS electrodes and strategies for the reduction of side effects and optimization of motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nabin Koirala
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dumitru Ciolac
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Bogdan Pintea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Glaser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Gertrúd Tamás
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Bansal R, Singh R. Exploring the potential of natural and synthetic neuroprotective steroids against neurodegenerative disorders: A literature review. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1126-1158. [PMID: 28697282 DOI: 10.1002/med.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a complex process, which leads to progressive brain damage due to loss of neurons. Despite exhaustive research, the cause of neuronal loss in various degenerative disorders is not entirely understood. Neuroprotective steroids constitute an important line of attack, which could play a major role against the common mechanisms associated with various neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Natural endogenous steroids induce the neuroprotection by protecting the nerve cells from neuronal injury through multiple mechanisms, therefore the structural modifications of the endogenous steroids could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful neuroprotective agents. The review article will keep the readers apprised of the detailed description of natural as well as synthetic neuroprotective steroids from the medicinal chemistry point of view, which would be helpful in drug discovery efforts aimed toward neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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12
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The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology and treatment of apathy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 229:389-426. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Keeler BE, Lallemand P, Patel MM, de Castro Brás LE, Clemens S. Opposing aging-related shift of excitatory dopamine D1 and inhibitory D3 receptor protein expression in striatum and spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:363-9. [PMID: 26561599 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00390.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with a decrease in motor function, a concomitant increase in muscle stiffness and tone, and a decrease in dopamine (DA) levels in the spinal cord. The striatum plays a critical role in the control of motor function, and it receives strong DA innervation from the substantia nigra. However, locomotor activity also requires the activation of motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, which in the mouse express all five DA receptor subtypes (D1-D5). Of these, the D3 receptor (D3R) expresses the highest affinity to DA and mediates inhibitory actions, while activation of the lower-affinity D1 receptor (D1R) system promotes excitatory effects. To test whether the aging-related decrease in DA levels is associated with corresponding changes in DA receptor protein expression levels, we probed with Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques for D1R and D3R protein expression levels over the normal life span of the mouse. We found that with age D1R expression levels increased in both striatum and spinal cord, while D3R expression levels remained stable in the striatum or slightly decreased in the spinal cord. The resulting D1-to-D3 ratio indicates a strong upregulation of D1R-mediated pathways in old animals, which is particularly pronounced in the lumbar spinal cord. These data suggest that aging may be associated with a shift in DA-mediated pathways in striatum and spinal cord, which in turn could be an underlying factor in the emergence of aging- and DA-related motor dysfunctions such as Parkinson's disease or Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Keeler
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Perrine Lallemand
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Mukund M Patel
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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14
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Blundo C, Gerace C. Dopamine agonists can improve pure apathy associated with lesions of the prefrontal-basal ganglia functional system. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1197-201. [PMID: 25876742 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is a common neurobehavioral symptom of other syndromes or a syndrome per se which occurs in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Apathy depends on disruption of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Six brain-damaged patients were assessed, including five patients with unilateral or bilateral focal lesions of the basal ganglia or the thalamus (showing apathy due to an auto-activation deficit) and one patient with bilateral lesions in the limbic temporomesial cortex associated with a form of emotional-affective apathy. A significant and persistent improvement of apathy was observed in all patients after treatment with dopamine agonists such as pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine. These results confirm preliminary reports on the beneficial effects of dopamine agonist agents on apathy and suggest that this syndrome can be treatable in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Blundo
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152, Rome, Italy,
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15
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Hansen M, Phonekeo K, Paine JS, Leth-Petersen S, Begtrup M, Bräuner-Osborne H, Kristensen JL. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-benzyl phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2C agonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:243-9. [PMID: 24397362 DOI: 10.1021/cn400216u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Benzyl substitution of 5-HT2A receptor agonists of the phenethylamine structural class of psychedelics (such as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, often referred to as 2C-B) confer a significant increase in binding affinity as well as functional activity of the receptor. We have prepared a series of 48 compounds with structural variations in both the phenethylamine and N-benzyl part of the molecule to determine the effects on receptor binding affinity and functional activity at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. The compounds generally had high affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor with 8b having the highest affinity at 0.29 nM but with several other compounds also exhibiting subnanomolar binding affinities. The functional activity of the compounds was distributed over a wider range with 1b being the most potent at 0.074 nM. Most of the compounds exhibited low to moderate selectivity (1- to 40-fold) for the 5-HT2A receptor in the binding assays, although one compound 6b showed an impressive 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT2A receptor. In the functional assay, selectivity was generally higher with 1b being more than 400-fold selective for the 5-HT2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Karina Phonekeo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - James S. Paine
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Leth-Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikael Begtrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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16
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Boll MC, Alcaraz-Zubeldia M, Rios C. Medical management of Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:350-9. [PMID: 22131943 PMCID: PMC3131725 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795596577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection refers to the protection of neurons from excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis as principal mechanisms of cell loss in a variety of diseases of the central nervous system. Our interest in Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment is focused on drugs with neuroprotective properties in preclinical experiments and evidence-based efficacy in human subjects. To this date, neuroprotection has never been solidly proven in clinical trials but recent adequate markers and/or strategies to study and promote this important goal are described. A myriad of compounds with protective properties in cell cultures and animal models yield to few treatments in clinical practice. At present, markers of neuronal vitality, disease modifying effects and long term clinical stability are the elements searched for in clinical trials. This review highlights new strategies to monitor patients with PD. Currently, neuroprotection in subjects has not been solidly achieved for selegiline and pramipexole; however, a recent rasagiline trial design is showing new indications of disease course modifying effects. In neurological practice, it is of utmost importance to take into account the potential neuroprotection exerted by a treatment in conjunction with its symptomatic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Catherine Boll
- Department of Clinical Investigation in Neurology National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico. D.F
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