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Bektaş FM, Güçlü ES, Şimşek H, Akçali M. The relationship between inflammatory markers and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely premature infants. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2025; 263:69-76. [PMID: 39172162 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among blood parameters, clinical factors, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely premature (EP) infants. METHODS This retrospective study included 153 EP infants who were categorized into two groups based on the presence of inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes. Complete blood count parameters, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index, and platelet mass index were recorded during the first week and first month after birth. The study analyzed the impact of parameters obtained through blood tests during the first week and first month on the development of ROP and the requirement for treatment. RESULTS In this study, 96 infants were diagnosed with inflammatory diseases. After multivariate regression analyses, the duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.010) was found to be the only factor that led to ROP development. Moreover, lower gestational age (GA) (p = 0.006), higher NLR (p = 0.026), and lower PLR (p = 0.019) were observed in infants requiring treatment compared to infants with spontaneous resolution of ROP in this group. 57 infants did not have inflammatory diseases. Although the duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.041) and low levels of platelets (PLT) (p = 0.046) measured in the first month postnatally were significantly found to be associated with ROP developement, no parameter affecting the required treatment could be determined. CONCLUSION EP infants with longer mechanical ventilation durations and lower PLT counts are vulnerable to ROP development. GA, PLR, and NLR are predictive factors for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Merve Bektaş
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Emin Serbülent Güçlü
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Şimşek
- Neonatology Clinic, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçali
- Neonatology Clinic, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
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Chuang SH, Chang CH. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in retinal artery occlusion: a meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2025; 263:47-57. [PMID: 39143404 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this meta-analysis is to examine the association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in patients with Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO). The analysis aims to provide insight into the potential of NLR and PLR as inflammatory biomarkers for RAO. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified eight eligible studies. The analysis assessed serum NLR and PLR levels in RAO and non-RAO groups by employing standardized mean differences (SMDs). Sensitivity analyses and publication bias were examined. The diagnostic performance of these markers was evaluated with a quantitative synthesis. RESULTS The meta-analysis, involving 1,444 participants, demonstrated significantly elevated NLR (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.49-1.28, P < 0.001) and PLR (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.16-0.73, P < 0.001) levels in individuals with RAO. Significant heterogeneity was noted. Sensitivity analysis showed robustness and no significant publication bias was found. Summary results of diagnostic performance revealed promising discriminatory power for NLR and PLR. CONCLUSIONS The results support a possible connection between systemic inflammation, as indicated by NLR and PLR, and the occurrence of RAO. Although there was heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses showed the findings to be robust. While immediate diagnostic applications are limited, understanding the role of NLR and PLR in the pathological process of RAO provides valuable insights for developing future predictive models, risk management approaches, and treatment strategies. Further research exploring mechanistic insights and conducting prospective studies is warranted to validate their clinical utility. KEY MESSAGES What is known Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a serious condition with potential links to systemic inflammation and thrombosis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging inflammatory markers. What is new This is the first meta-analysis examining the association between NLR, PLR and RAO. Elevated NLR and PLR levels were observed in patients with RAO compared to controls. NLR and PLR show potential as indicators of systemic inflammation in RAO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Chuang
- Division of General Practice, Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Oruz O, Dervişoğulları MS, Öktem ME, İncekaş C. Predictive role of systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:3125-3134. [PMID: 38656423 PMCID: PMC11458681 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To search the relationship between serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) values with the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the requirement for laser treatment. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was carried out with 195 preterm infants between 2012 and 2023. The NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII values were calculated on both the first day and at the end of the first month after birth. The association between development of ROP and other risk factors were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of patients, 92 infants were diagnosed with ROP. Laser treatment was administered to 36 infants. The postnatal first-day NLR and SII values were higher in infants with ROP than in infants without ROP (p < 0.001 for both). Postnatal first-month NLR, LMR, and SII values were higher in infants with ROP (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, and p < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analyses, postnatal first-day NLR and first-month LMR values were regarded as independent risk factors for the development of ROP (OR:8.867 and 1.286, p = 0.002 and p = 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analyses performed for laser treatment requirement, postnatal first-month PLR and SII values were determined as independent risk factors (OR:0.951 and 1.011, respectively, p = 0.004 for both). CONCLUSIONS Postnatal first-day NLR and first-month LMR values were determined as independent risk factors for the development of ROP. For the requirement of laser treatment, the postnatal first-month PLR and SII values were determined as independent risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Oruz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Başkent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Caner İncekaş
- Department of Biostatistics, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Dayoub AS, Acharya E, Dibas A, Jones HP, Acharya S. Novel Small Molecules with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Activity in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Cells 2024; 13:1371. [PMID: 39195259 PMCID: PMC11353024 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has a dual-phase disease pathology; in phase 1, hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration occurs in the retinal vasculature due to increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, followed by phase 2, where hypoxia increases the overproduction of growth factors, inducing retinal neovascularization. Toll-like receptor 2 and -4 (TLR2 and TLR4) overactivation, hyper-inflammation, macrophages, and neutrophil infiltration contribute to the developing ROP. AVR-121 and AVR-123 are novel classes of small-molecule dual inhibitors of TLR2/4 tested in a human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1) and cord-blood-derived mononuclear cells (CBMCs). Both compounds inhibited TLR2/4 signaling-related inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells and inhibited VEGF-induced neovascularization in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), which are hallmarks of ROP. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) murine model, the intraperitoneal injection of AVR-123 in the hyperoxia phase (P7-P12) or a nanosuspension eyedrop of AVR-123 in the hypoxic phase (P12-P17) significantly reduced vaso-obliteration, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine profiles while not inhibiting the necessary growth factor VEGF in the juvenile mouse eyes. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that targeting the dual TLR2/4 pathway will reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, and vaso-obliteration in vitro and in vivo and reduce cytotoxic immune cells. AVR-123 has the potential to be developed as a therapy for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Dayoub
- AyuVis Research Inc., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.S.D.)
| | - Eesha Acharya
- AyuVis Research Inc., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.S.D.)
| | - Adnan Dibas
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- AyuVis Research Inc., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.S.D.)
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li K, Zhao Z, Ma H, Jiang X, Jia Z, Ma Q. Progress in the study of association between hematological indicators and retinopathy of prematurity (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 21:111. [PMID: 38912168 PMCID: PMC11190637 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy caused by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels in premature infants. It can lead to retinal detachment and, in severe cases, blindness, rendering ROP a critical condition. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival rates of low birth weight and low gestational age infants. However, this progress has also led to a rise in incidence of ROP. Currently, premature birth, low birth weight and high postpartum oxygen levels are independent risk factors for ROP. Other factors include mode of delivery, multiple births, anemia, blood transfusion, maternal pregnancy factors, neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, use of surfactants, arterial ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis. Laboratory indicators in premature infants such as platelet count, levels of blood glucose, inflammatory cells, lipid and hemoglobin and blood transfusion may also be associated with ROP. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of ROP are not fully understood. A number of factors may influence the onset and progression of ROP, including decreased platelet counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased white blood cell counts, increased blood glucose levels, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The present study reviewed the effects of platelet count, hemoglobin, blood glucose, inflammatory cells and factors, blood lipids, and plasma metabolic pathways on ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Isik DU, Celik IH, Isleyen F, Tabanli FP, Kiran Yenice E. The role of delta neutrophil index in early prediction of retinopathy of prematurity. Early Hum Dev 2024; 194:106053. [PMID: 38788479 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Ulubas Isik
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Istemi Han Celik
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Isleyen
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Pinar Tabanli
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Esay Kiran Yenice
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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Sun Z, He L, Zhao C, Zhang H, Cheng P, Wang Y, Li M, Yu Z, Sun H. The effect of leucocytosis on retinopathy of prematurity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20414. [PMID: 37989837 PMCID: PMC10663586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal leukocytosis reflects the general condition of inflammatory. Infection and inflammatory reaction have been proven to affect the occurrence of ROP and other visual dysfunction. Infants with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who were less than three days of age and admitted to the hospital between September 2015 and March 2021 were included in the study. Infants with a white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 30 × 109/L were assigned to the leucocytosis group (n = 82). Gestational age- and weight-matched infants without leucocytosis were included as a control group (n = 85). The incidence and prognosis of ROP in preterm infants were compared between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the correlation between the WBC count and severe ROP. Compared to the infants in the control group, those in the leucocytosis group had lower 1-min Apgar scores (p < 0.001); higher C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001); and higher incidences of intracranial haemorrhage (p = 0.007), leukomalacia (p = 0.045), sepsis (p = 0.006), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.017). The maternal age was higher in the leucocytosis group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for gestational age at 45 weeks, the incidence of severe ROP (p = 0.001) and the requirement for ranibizumab injections (p = 0.004) were higher in the leucocytosis group. The cut-off WBC count was determined to be 19.1 × 109/L, with a sensitivity of 88.6%, a specificity of 77.3%, and an area under the curve of 0.941 (95% confidence interval: 0.904-0.978) for the detection of severe ROP. Leucocytosis may be associated with severe ROP in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Congcong Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Zengyuan Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, 33 Longhuwaihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China.
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Hoyek S, Cruz NFSD, Patel NA, Al-Khersan H, Fan KC, Berrocal AM. Identification of novel biomarkers for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants by use of innovative technologies and artificial intelligence. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101208. [PMID: 37611892 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable vision loss in preterm infants. While appropriate screening is crucial for early identification and treatment of ROP, current screening guidelines remain limited by inter-examiner variability in screening modalities, absence of local protocol for ROP screening in some settings, a paucity of resources and an increased survival of younger and smaller infants. This review summarizes the advancements and challenges of current innovative technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of ROP. We provide a contemporary overview of AI-based models for detection of ROP, its severity, progression, and response to treatment. To address the transition from experimental settings to real-world clinical practice, challenges to the clinical implementation of AI for ROP are reviewed and potential solutions are proposed. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) technology is also explored, providing evaluation of subclinical ROP characteristics that are often imperceptible on fundus examination. Furthermore, we explore several potential biomarkers to reduce the need for invasive procedures, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Finally, we emphasize the need of a symbiotic integration of biologic and imaging biomarkers and AI in ROP screening, where the robustness of biomarkers in early disease detection is complemented by the predictive precision of AI algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoyek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha F S da Cruz
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nimesh A Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasenin Al-Khersan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth C Fan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Audina M Berrocal
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Asensio-Sanchez VM. Letter to the editor relating to Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 April; 261(4):951-957. "Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2721-2722. [PMID: 37227480 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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Obata S, Matsumoto R, Kakinoki M, Sawada O, Sawada T, Saishin Y, Yanagi T, Maruo Y, Ohji M. Association between treatment for retinopathy of prematurity and blood monocyte counts. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10384-023-00992-x. [PMID: 37140746 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate blood monocyte counts as a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Infants who underwent ROP screening at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital between January, 2011 and July, 2021 were included in this study. Screening criteria were a gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks or birth weight (BW) < 1500 g. The week with the largest difference in monocyte counts between the infants with and without type 1 ROP determined based on the effect size. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate whether the monocyte counts constituted an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP. The objective variable was type 1 ROP, and the explanatory variables were GA, BW, infants' infection, and Apgar score at 1 min and monocyte counts in the week with the largest monocyte-counts difference between the with- and without type 1 ROP groups. RESULTS In total, 231 infants met the inclusion criteria. The monocyte counts in the fourth week after birth (4w MONO) exhibited the largest difference between infants with and without type 1 ROP. The analysis was performed on 198 infants, excluding 33 infants without 4w MONO data. Thirty-one infants had type 1 ROP, whereas 167 infants did not. BW and 4w MONO were significantly associated with type 1 ROP (odds ratio: 0.52 and 3.9, P < .001 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The 4w MONO was an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP and may be useful in follow-up of infants with ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Riko Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masashi Kakinoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sawada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Saishin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahide Yanagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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