Neilands J, Bikker FJ, Kinnby B. PAI-2/SerpinB2 inhibits proteolytic activity in a P. gingivalis-dominated multispecies bacterial consortium.
Arch Oral Biol 2016;
70:1-8. [PMID:
27295389 DOI:
10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.016]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the serine protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2/Serpin B2) to inhibit proteases produced by a multispecies bacterial consortium in vitro.
BACKGROUND
Gingival and periodontal inflammation is associated with an increased flow of protein-rich gingival fluid. This nutritional change in the microenvironment favors bacteria with a proteolytic phenotype, triggering inflammation and associated tissue breakdown. PAI-2 is produced by macrophages and keratinocytes and is present in very high concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid; the highest level in the body.
DESIGN
A multispecies bacterial consortium comprising nine bacterial strains, resembling the conditions in a periodontal pocket, was grown planktonically and as a biofilm. After seven days PAI-2 was added to the consortium and the proteolytic activity was assayed with fluorogenic protease substrates; FITC-labeled casein to detect global protease activity, fluorescent H-Gly-Pro-AMC for serine protease activity and fluorescent BIKKAM-10 for Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated protease activity. Protease activity associated with biofilm cells was examined by confocal scanning laser microscopy.
RESULTS
PAI-2 inhibited proteolytic activity of the bacterial consortium, as seen by decreased fluorescence of all substrates. PAI-2 specifically inhibited P. gingivalis proteolytic activity.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the first time that PAI-2 has been shown to inhibit bacterial proteases. Given the high concentration of PAI-2 in the gingival region, our results indicate that PAI-2 might play a role for the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
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