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Can E, Bastiaansen JAM, Couturier DL, Gruetter R, Yoshihara HAI, Comment A. [ 13C]bicarbonate labelled from hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate is an in vivo marker of hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasted state. Commun Biol 2022; 5:10. [PMID: 35013537 PMCID: PMC8748681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate enables direct in vivo assessment of real-time liver enzymatic activities by 13C magnetic resonance. However, the technique usually requires the injection of a highly supraphysiological dose of pyruvate. We herein demonstrate that liver metabolism can be measured in vivo with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate administered at two- to three-fold the basal plasma concentration. The flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase, assessed by 13C-labeling of bicarbonate in the fed condition, was found to be saturated or partially inhibited by supraphysiological doses of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The [13C]bicarbonate signal detected in the liver of fasted rats nearly vanished after treatment with a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, indicating that the signal originates from the flux through PEPCK. In addition, the normalized [13C]bicarbonate signal in fasted untreated animals is dose independent across a 10-fold range, highlighting that PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase are not saturated and that hepatic gluconeogenesis can be directly probed in vivo with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Can et al. demonstrate the ability to use hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate at nearphysiological concentrations to directly assess liver enzymatic activities by 13C magnetic resonance. While in the fed state, the normalized [13C]bicarbonate signal produced from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate derives from PDH activity, which is saturated at supraphysiological doses, it results from PEPCK in the fasted state and is dose-independent, allowing non-invasive in vivo detection of hepatic gluconeogenesis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Can
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Gruetter
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0RE, UK. .,General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, HP8 4SP, UK.
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Calmels C, McCann A, Malphettes L, Andersen MR. Application of a curated genome-scale metabolic model of CHO DG44 to an industrial fed-batch process. Metab Eng 2019; 51:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Takeuchi T, Schumacker PT, Kozmin SA. Identification of fumarate hydratase inhibitors with nutrient-dependent cytotoxicity. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:564-7. [PMID: 25469852 PMCID: PMC4308746 DOI: 10.1021/ja5101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of cell-permeable small molecules that target enzymes involved in energy metabolism remains important yet challenging. We describe here the discovery of a new class of compounds with a nutrient-dependent cytotoxicity profile that arises from pharmacological inhibition of fumarate hydratase (also known as fumarase). This finding was enabled by a high-throughput screen of a diverse chemical library in a panel of human cancer cell lines cultured under different growth conditions, followed by subsequent structure-activity optimization and target identification. While the highest cytotoxicity was observed under low glucose concentrations, the antiproliferative activities and inhibition of oxygen consumption rates in cells were distinctly different from those displayed by typical inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The use of a photoaffinity labeling strategy identified fumarate hydratase as the principal pharmacological target. Final biochemical studies confirmed dose-dependent, competitive inhibition of this enzyme in vitro, which was fully consistent with the initially observed growth inhibitory activity. Our work demonstrates how the phenotypic observations combined with a successful target identification strategy can yield a useful class of pharmacological inhibitors of an enzyme involved in the operation of tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Sergey A. Kozmin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Guo X, Li D, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Huang X, Li X, Yang H, Xing J. Genetic variants in genes of tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes are associated with prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 87:162-8. [PMID: 25576295 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis and only a few molecular markers may be potentially used to predict the outcome. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including the alterations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle key enzymes. However, the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding these key enzymes has not been investigated in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we genotyped 18 potentially functional SNPs in 7 genes belonging to 3 TCA cycle enzyme families (SDH, FH and IDH) using Sequenom iPLEX genotyping system in a cohort of 500 NSCLC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used for the survival analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that SDHC gene: SNP rs12064957, IDH2 gene: SNP rs11540478 and FH gene: SNP rs1414493 were associated with overall survival (OS) and SDHA gene: SNP rs13173911, IDH2 gene: SNP rs4932158 were associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) of NSCLC patients. Unfavorable genotypes of these SNPs showed a significant cumulative effect on OS and RFS of NSCLC patients (both P<0.001). Furthermore, survival tree analysis indicated that FH: rs1414493 was the primary risk factor contributing to OS of NSCLC patients and the IDH2: rs4932158 was the primary risk factor contributing to RFS of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that SNPs in TCA cycle key enzyme genes may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the outcomes of NSCLC. Further studies with different ethnicities are needed to validate our findings and generalize their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Deyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Yousheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xingchun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Breast Center, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hushan Yang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biologyand Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, China.
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Fujioka H, Moghaddas S, Murdock DG, Lesnefsky EJ, Tandler B, Hoppel CL. Decreased cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa in aged rat heart mitochondria: immunocytochemistry. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1825-33. [PMID: 21972221 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging decreases oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase (COX) in cardiac interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) in 24-month old (aged) rats compared to 6-month old adult Fischer 344 rats, whereas subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) located beneath the plasma membrane remain unaffected. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) reveals in aged rats a 25% reduction in cardiac COX subunit VIIa in cardiac IFM, but not in SSM. In contrast, the content of subunit IV remains unchanged in both SSM and IFM, irrespective of age. These subunits are localized mainly on cristae membranes. In contrast, semi-quantitative immunoblotting, which detects denatured protein, indicates that the content of COX VIIa is similar in IFM and SSM from both aged and adult hearts. IEM provides a sensitive method for precise localizing and quantifying specific mitochondrial proteins. The lack of immunoreaction of COX VIIa subunit by IEM in aged IFM is not explained by a reduction in protein, but rather by a masking phenomenon or by an in situ change in protein structure affecting COX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Fujioka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Sobol M, Nebesářová J, Hozák P. A method for preserving ultrastructural properties of mitotic cells for subsequent immunogold labeling using low-temperature embedding in LR White resin. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 135:103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Comparison of methods of high-pressure freezing and automated freeze-substitution of suspension cells combined with LR White embedding. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:631-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bayley JP, Devilee P. Warburg tumours and the mechanisms of mitochondrial tumour suppressor genes. Barking up the right tree? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2010; 20:324-9. [PMID: 20304625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a revival of interest in the metabolic adaptations of tumours, named for their original discoverer, Otto Warburg. Warburg reported a high rate of glycolysis in tumours, and a concurrent defect in mitochondrial respiration. The rediscovery of Warburg's hypothesis coincided with the discovery of mitochondrial tumours suppressor genes that may conform to Warburg's hypothesis. Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase are mitochondrial proteins of the TCA cycle and the respiratory chain and when mutated lead to tumours of the nervous system known as paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas, and in the case of fumarate hydratase, cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and renal cell cancer. Recently a novel mitochondrial protein, SDHAF2 (SDH5), was also shown to be a paraganglioma-related tumour suppressor gene. Another mitochondrial and TCA cycle-related protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 is, together with IDH1, frequently mutated in the brain tumour glioblastoma. There are currently many competing hypotheses on the role of these genes in tumourigenesis, but frequent themes are the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor 1 and upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, glucose transport and glycolysis. Other postulated mechanisms include the inhibition of developmental apoptosis, altered gene expression due to histone deregulation and the acquisition of novel catalytic properties. Here we discuss these diverse hypotheses and highlight very recent findings on the possible effects of IDH gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yang Y, Valera VA, Padilla-Nash HM, Sourbier C, Vocke CD, Vira MA, Abu-Asab MS, Bratslavsky G, Tsokos M, Merino MJ, Pinto PA, Srinivasan R, Ried T, Neckers L, Linehan WM. UOK 262 cell line, fumarate hydratase deficient (FH-/FH-) hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo model of an aberrant energy metabolic pathway in human cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 196:45-55. [PMID: 19963135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Energy deregulation and abnormalities of tumor cell metabolism are critical issues in understanding cancer. Hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an aggressive form of RCC characterized by germline mutation of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH), and one known to be highly metastatic and unusually lethal. There is considerable utility in establishing preclinical cell and xenograft models for study of disorders of energy metabolism, as well as in development of new therapeutic approaches targeting of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme-deficient human cancers. Here we describe a new immortalized cell line, UOK 262, derived from a patient having aggressive HLRCC-associated recurring kidney cancer. We investigated gene expression, chromosome profiles, efflux bioenergetic analysis, mitochondrial ultrastructure, FH catabolic activity, invasiveness, and optimal glucose requirements for in vitro growth. UOK 262 cells have an isochromosome 1q recurring chromosome abnormality, i(1)(q10), and exhibit compromised oxidative phosphorylation and in vitro dependence on anaerobic glycolysis consistent with the clinical manifestation of HLRCC. The cells also display glucose-dependent growth, an elevated rate of lactate efflux, and overexpression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Mutant FH protein was present primarily in edematous mitochondria, but with catalytic activity nearly undetectable. UOK 262 xenografts retain the characteristics of HLRCC histopathology. Our findings indicate that the severe compromise of oxidative phosphorylation and rapid glycolytic flux in UOK 262 are an essential feature of this TCA cycle enzyme-deficient form of kidney cancer. This tumor model is the embodiment of the Warburg effect. UOK 262 provides a unique in vitro and in vivo preclinical model for studying the bioenergetics of the Warburg effect in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1107, Bldg 10 CRC, Room 1-5942, Bethesda, MD 20892-1107
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10
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Kim HA, Lee RA, Moon BI, Choe KJ. Ellagic Acid Shows Different Anti-proliferative Effects Between the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Breast Cancer 2009. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryung-Ah Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kuk-Jin Choe
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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11
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State-of-the-art technologies, current opinions and developments, and novel findings: news from the field of histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:1205-51. [PMID: 18985372 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cell and tissue structure and function using innovative methods and approaches have again yielded numerous exciting findings in recent months and have added important data to current knowledge, inspiring new ideas and hypotheses in various fields of modern life sciences. Topics and contents of comprehensive expert reviews covering different aspects in methodological advances, cell biology, tissue function and morphology, and novel findings reported in original papers are summarized in the present review.
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Raimundo N, Ahtinen J, Fumić K, Barić I, Remes AM, Renkonen R, Lapatto R, Suomalainen A. Differential metabolic consequences of fumarate hydratase and respiratory chain defects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1782:287-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lehtonen HJ, Ylisaukko-oja SK, Kiuru M, Karhu A, Lehtonen R, Vanharanta S, Jalanko A, Aaltonen LA, Launonen V. Stress-induced expression of a novel variant of human fumarate hydratase (FH). Gene Expr 2007; 14:59-69. [PMID: 18257390 PMCID: PMC6042040 DOI: 10.3727/105221607783417592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC). Here we report the characterization of a novel FH variant (FHv) that contains an alternative exon 1b, thus lacking the mitochondrial signal sequence. Distinct from mitochondrial FH, FHv localized to cytosol and nucleus and lacked FH enzyme activity. FHv was expressed ubiquitously in human fetal and adult tissues. Heat shock and prolonged hypoxia increased FHv expression in a cell line (HTB 115) by nine- and fourfold, respectively. These results suggest that FHv has an alternative function outside the TCAC related to cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli J. Lehtonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna K. Ylisaukko-oja
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Kiuru
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- †National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Launonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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