1
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Leite LB, Soares LL, Portes AMO, Soares TI, da Silva BAF, Dias TR, Costa SFF, Guimarães-Ervilha LO, Assis MQ, Lavorato VN, da Silva AN, Machado-Neves M, Reis ECC, Natali AJ. Combined physical training protects the left ventricle from structural and functional damages in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Hypertens 2024; 30:12. [PMID: 38689333 PMCID: PMC11061945 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-024-00270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefits of combined aerobic and resistance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is beneficial to the LV's structure and function. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n = 7) to test survival. To investigate the effects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n = 7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n = 7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks. RESULTS The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resistance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remodeling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the amplitude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca2+ transient in LV single myocytes. CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physical exertion and prolongs their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Bernardes Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Thayana Inácia Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Rodrigues Dias
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mirian Quintão Assis
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Physical Education, Governador Ozanam Coelho University Center, Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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2
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Meng X, Du L, Xu S, Zhou L, Chen B, Li Y, Chen C, Ye H, Zhang J, Tian G, Bai X, Dong T, Lin W, Sun M, Zhou K, Liu Y, Zhang W, Duan S. Periodontitis exacerbates pulmonary hypertension by promoting IFNγ + T cell infiltration in mice. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:27. [PMID: 38548721 PMCID: PMC10978940 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the risk factors of pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of the disease. In the current study, we showed that experimental periodontitis, which was established by ligation of molars followed by orally smearing subgingival plaques from patients with periodontitis, exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, periodontitis dysregulated the pulmonary microbiota by promoting ectopic colonization and enrichment of oral bacteria in the lungs, contributing to pulmonary infiltration of interferon gamma positive (IFNγ+) T cells and aggravating the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In addition, we identified Prevotella zoogleoformans as the critical periodontitis-associated bacterium driving the exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension by periodontitis, and the exacerbation was potently ameliorated by both cervical lymph node excision and IFNγ neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests a proof of concept that the combined prevention and treatment of periodontitis and pulmonary hypertension are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Meng
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjuan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chumao Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Ye
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guocai Tian
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjun Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kecong Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Rotteveel L, Poot AJ, Kooijman EJM, Schuit RC, Schalij I, Sun X, Kurakula K, Happé C, Beaino W, Ten Dijke P, Lammertsma AA, Bogaard HJ, Windhorst AD. Imaging the TGFβ type I receptor in pulmonary arterial hypertension. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 36947258 PMCID: PMC10033812 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activity is perturbed in remodelled pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), cancer, vascular diseases and developmental disorders. Inhibition of TGFβ, which signals via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), prevents progression and development of experimental PAH. The purpose of this study was to assess two ALK5 targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracers ([11C]LR111 and [18F]EW-7197) for imaging ALK5 in monocrotaline (MCT)- and Sugen/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PAH. Both tracers were subjected to extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. [11C]LR111 showed the highest metabolic stability, as 46 ± 2% of intact tracer was still present in rat blood plasma after 60 min. In autoradiography experiments, [11C]LR111 showed high ALK5 binding in vitro compared with controls, 3.2 and 1.5 times higher in SuHx and MCT, respectively. In addition, its binding could be blocked by SB431542, an adenosine triphosphate competitive ALK5 kinase inhibitor. However, [18F]EW-7197 showed the best in vivo results. 15 min after injection, uptake was 2.5 and 1.4 times higher in the SuHx and MCT lungs, compared with controls. Therefore, [18F]EW-7197 is a promising PET tracer for ALK5 imaging in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Rotteveel
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Schalij
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Happé
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute and Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Du LJ, Sun JY, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lin WZ, Liu T, Zhu H, Wang YL, Shao S, Zhou LJ, Chen BY, Lu H, Li RG, Jia F, Duan SZ. NCOR1 maintains the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells and protects against aortic aneurysm. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:618-631. [PMID: 36151473 PMCID: PMC9984378 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm (AA). The function of nuclear receptor corepressor1 (NCOR1) in regulation of VSMC phenotype and AA is unclear. Herein, using smooth muscle NCOR1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency decreased both mRNA and protein levels of contractile genes, impaired stress fibers formation and RhoA pathway activation, reduced synthesis of elastin and collagens, and induced the expression and activity of MMPs, manifesting a switch from contractile to degradative phenotype of VSMCs. NCOR1 modulated VSMC phenotype through 3 different mechanisms. First, NCOR1 deficiency increased acetylated FOXO3a to inhibit the expression of Myocd, which downregulated contractile genes. Second, deletion of NCOR1 derepressed NFAT5 to induce the expression of Rgs1, thus impeding RhoA activation. Third, NCOR1 deficiency increased the expression of Mmp12 and Mmp13 by derepressing ATF3. Finally, a mouse model combined apoE knockout mice with angiotensin II was used to study the role of smooth muscle NCOR1 in the development of AA. The results showed that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency increased the incidence of aortic aneurysms and exacerbated medial degeneration in angiotensin II-induced AA mouse model. Collectively, our data illustrated that NCOR1 interacts with FOXO3a, NFAT5, and ATF3 to maintain contractile phenotype of VSMCs and suppress AA development. Manipulation of smooth muscle NCOR1 may be a potential approach for AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Sugai K, Hakamata Y, Tamura T, Kataoka M, Fujisawa M, Sano M, Kobayashi E. A microsurgical technique for catheter insertion in the rat femoral artery. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202001004. [PMID: 33237176 PMCID: PMC7709899 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200100000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To modify a surgical catheterization method using the bent needle introducer in small animals. Methods: Eight-week-old male Lewis rats were used in the study. A needle introducer was created by bending a 21G injection needle at 45°. The bent needle introducer was used for catheter insertion into the left femoral artery of the rats under anesthesia. As a control, a catheter was directly inserted into the blood vessel without the introducer. The insertion time of each method was measured. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured 24 h after catheter insertion using the telemetry system. Results: Using the introducer, the catheter was successfully inserted within a short time in all rats. Without the introducer, a longer duration was required for catheter insertion. The frequency of the insertion with no catheter-based errors with the introducer tended to be higher than that without the introducer. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate 24 h after catheter insertion in each group were almost the same. Conclusions: We developed a surgical catheterization method using the introducer in small animals. This could potentially reduce the frequency of the insertion with catheter-based errors and insertion time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoji Hakamata
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Japan
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6
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da Silva Gonçalves Bós D, Van Der Bruggen CEE, Kurakula K, Sun XQ, Casali KR, Casali AG, Rol N, Szulcek R, Dos Remedios C, Guignabert C, Tu L, Dorfmüller P, Humbert M, Wijnker PJM, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, de Man FS, Handoko ML. Contribution of Impaired Parasympathetic Activity to Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2017; 137:910-924. [PMID: 29167228 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.027451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of parasympathetic stimulation have been reported in left heart failure, but whether it would be beneficial for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains to be explored. Here, we investigated the relationship between parasympathetic activity and right ventricular (RV) function in patients with PAH, and the potential therapeutic effects of pyridostigmine (PYR), an oral drug stimulating the parasympathetic activity through acetylcholinesterase inhibition, in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS Heart rate recovery after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test was used as a surrogate for parasympathetic activity. RV ejection fraction was assessed in 112 patients with PAH. Expression of nicotinic (α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) and muscarinic (muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 receptor) receptors, and acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated in RV (n=11) and lungs (n=7) from patients with PAH undergoing heart/lung transplantation and compared with tissue obtained from controls. In addition, we investigated the effects of PYR (40 mg/kg per day) in experimental PH. PH was induced in male rats by SU5416 (25 mg/kg subcutaneously) injection followed by 4 weeks of hypoxia. In a subgroup, sympathetic/parasympathetic modulation was assessed by power spectral analysis. At week 6, PH status was confirmed by echocardiography, and rats were randomly assigned to vehicle or treatment (both n=12). At the end of the study, echocardiography was repeated, with additional RV pressure-volume measurements, along with lung, RV histological, and protein analyses. RESULTS Patients with PAH with lower RV ejection fraction (<41%) had a significantly reduced heart rate recovery in comparison with patients with higher RV ejection fraction. In PAH RV samples, α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was increased and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced versus controls. No difference in muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 receptor expression was observed. Chronic PYR treatment in PH rats normalized the cardiovascular autonomic function, demonstrated by an increase in parasympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity. PYR improved survival, increased RV contractility, and reduced RV stiffness, RV hypertrophy, RV fibrosis, RV inflammation, and RV α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 receptor expression, as well. Furthermore, PYR reduced pulmonary vascular resistance, RV afterload, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which was associated with reduced local and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS RV dysfunction is associated with reduced systemic parasympathetic activity in patients with PAH, with an inadequate adaptive response of the cholinergic system in the RV. Enhancing parasympathetic activity by PYR improved survival, RV function, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in experimental PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kondababu Kurakula
- VU University Medical Center / Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands.. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (K.K., M.-J.G.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
| | - Karina R Casali
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil (K.R.C., A.G.C.)
| | - Adenauer G Casali
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil (K.R.C., A.G.C.)
| | - Nina Rol
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
| | - Cris Dos Remedios
- Heart & Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia (C.d.R.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.).,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.)
| | - Ly Tu
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.).,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.)
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.).,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.).,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.T., P.D., M.H.)
| | | | | | | | - Marie-José Goumans
- VU University Medical Center / Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands.. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (K.K., M.-J.G.)
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
| | - Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
| | - Frances S de Man
- Department of Pulmonology (D.d.S.G.B., C.E.V.D.B., X.-Q.S., N.R., R.S., H.-J.B., A.V.-N. F.S.d.M.)
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7
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New pulmonary hypertension model in conscious dogs to investigate pulmonary-selectivity of acute pharmacological interventions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:195-203. [PMID: 29159668 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testing of investigational drugs in animal models is a critical step in drug development. Current models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) have limitations. The most relevant outcome parameters such as pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) are measured invasively which requires anesthesia of the animal. We developed a new canine PH model in which pulmonary vasodilators can be characterized in conscious dogs and lung selectivity can be assessed non-invasively. METHODS Telemetry devices were implanted to measure relevant hemodynamic parameters in conscious dogs. A hypoxic chamber was constructed in which the animals were placed in a conscious state. By reducing the inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) to 10%, a hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was induced leading to PH. The PDE-5 inhibitor sildenafil, the current standard of care was compared to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). RESULTS The new hypoxic chamber provided a stable hypoxic atmosphere during all experiments. The mean PAP under normoxic conditions was 15.8 ± 1.8 mmHg. Hypoxia caused a reliable increase in mean PAP (+ 12.2 ± 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Both, sildenafil (- 6.8 ± 4.4 mmHg) and ANP (- 6.4 ± 3.8 mmHg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased PAP. Furthermore sildenafil and ANP showed similar effects on systemic hemodynamics. In subsequent studies, the in vitro effects and gene expression pattern of the two pathways were exemplified. CONCLUSIONS By combining the hypoxic environment with the telemetric approach, we could successfully establish a new acute PH model. Sildenafil and ANP demonstrated equal effects regarding pulmonary selectivity. This non-invasive model could help to rapidly screen pulmonary vasodilators with decreased animal burden.
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8
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Schreiber C, Eilenberg M, Kiss A, Bergmeister H, Podesser B, Mascherbauer J, Bonderman D. Preserved right ventricular integrity in a new telemetric rat model of severe pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L957-L963. [PMID: 28798258 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00278.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telemetric monitoring of hemodynamic parameters has become an established standard in experimental models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). To that purpose, a dedicated catheter is usually implanted through the right ventricular wall of study animals. Drawbacks of this standard technique are as follows: obtained pressures are from the right ventricle and therefore only surrogates for pulmonary arterial pressures, and furthermore, right ventricular myocardium is always damaged to a certain degree. To overcome shortcomings of standard hemodynamic assessment, we modified an established rat model, where severe PAH is induced by left-sided pneumonectomy plus monocrotaline injection. We describe here a novel telemetry catheter implantation technique, where the device is advanced into the pulmonary artery via the remaining stump and the transmitter is placed in a subcutaneous pocket. A total of 105 rats were operated with a median (range) implantation time of 50 (30-88) min and an excellent perioperative survival of 93%. After monocrotaline induction on day 7, animals developed severe PAH with mean ± SD pressures of 75.9 ± 18.6 (systolic), 55.0 ± 18.0 (mean), and 42.1 ± 21.3 mmHg (diastolic) after 4 wk. Postmortem, the animals showed severe right ventricular hypertrophy, and histological analysis confirmed excessive medial hypertrophy and intimal hyperplasia, both characteristic features of human PAH. Comparison of the new telemetric model with standard microtip catheterization did not show relevant measurement differences. We established the first experimental animal model for PAH with preserved right ventricular integrity that allows direct telemetric monitoring of real-time systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures in the main pulmonary artery of freely moving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena Eilenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,University Clinic for General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Attila Kiss
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno Podesser
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Mascherbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Bonderman
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Cheah HY, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Japundžić-Žigon N, Vicent MJ, Hoe SZ, Chung LY. Preclinical safety assessments of nano-sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1268-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Republic of Serbia
| | - Marίa J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 E-46012 Valencia Spain
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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10
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Petersen B, Busch T, Noreikat K, Homeister L, Regenthal R, Kaisers UX. Search for an animal model to investigate selective pulmonary vasodilation. Lab Anim 2016; 51:376-387. [PMID: 27888262 DOI: 10.1177/0023677216675384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis. Oral treatment with vasodilators is often limited by systemic hypotension. Inhalation of vasodilators offers the opportunity for selective pulmonary vasodilation. Testing selective pulmonary vasodilation by inhaled nitric oxide or alternative substances in animal models requires an increased pulmonary vascular tone. The aim of this study was to identify animal models that are suitable for investigating selective pulmonary vasodilation. To do so, a haemodynamic stable pulmonary hypertension was initiated, with a 30 min duration deemed to be a sufficient time interval before and after a possible intervention. In anaesthetized and mechanically-ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats pulmonary hypertension was induced either by acute hypoxia due to reduction of the inspired oxygen fraction from 0.21 to 0.1 ( n = 6), a fixed infusion rate of the thromboxane analogue U46619 (240 ng/min; n = 6) or a monocrotaline injection (MCT; 60 mg/kg applied 23 days before the investigation; n = 7). The animals were instrumented to measure right ventricular and systemic arterial pressures. Acute hypoxia caused a short, and only transient, increase of pulmonary artery pressure as well as profound systemic hypotension which suggested haemodynamic instability. U46619 infusion induced variable changes in the pulmonary and systemic vascular tone without sufficient stabilization within 30 min. MCT provoked sustained pulmonary hypertension with normal systemic pressure values and inhalation of nitric oxide caused selective pulmonary vasodilation. In conclusion, out of the three examined rat animal models only MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension is a solid and reliable model for investigating selective pulmonary vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Petersen
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Busch
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Noreikat
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Homeister
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Bergmannstrost Hospital, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Udo X Kaisers
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Papazoglou A, Lundt A, Wormuth C, Ehninger D, Henseler C, Soós J, Broich K, Weiergräber M. Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27404845 DOI: 10.3791/54216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable EEG radiotelemetry is of central relevance in the neurological characterization of transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases as well as epilepsies. This powerful technique does not only provide valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, i.e., the etiopathogenesis of CNS related diseases, it also facilitates the development of new translational, i.e., therapeutic approaches. Whereas competing techniques that make use of recorder systems used in jackets or tethered systems suffer from their unphysiological restraining to semi-restraining character, radiotelemetric EEG recordings overcome these disadvantages. Technically, implantable EEG radiotelemetry allows for precise and highly sensitive measurement of epidural and deep, intracerebral EEGs under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. First, we present a detailed protocol of a straight forward, successful, quick and efficient technique for epidural (surface) EEG recordings resulting in high-quality electrocorticograms. Second, we demonstrate how to implant deep, intracerebral EEG electrodes, e.g., in the hippocampus (electrohippocampogram). For both approaches, a computerized 3D stereotaxic electrode implantation system is used. The radiofrequency transmitter itself is implanted into a subcutaneous pouch in both mice and rats. Special attention also has to be paid to pre-, peri- and postoperative treatment of the experimental animals. Preoperative preparation of mice and rats, suitable anesthesia as well as postoperative treatment and pain management are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Andreas Lundt
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Carola Wormuth
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE)
| | - Christina Henseler
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Julien Soós
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Karl Broich
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM)
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM);
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12
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Happé CM, de Raaf MA, Rol N, Schalij I, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Westerhof N, Voelkel NF, de Man FS, Bogaard HJ. Pneumonectomy combined with SU5416 induces severe pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1088-97. [PMID: 27036867 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The SU5416 + hypoxia (SuHx) rat model is a commonly used model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. While it is known that exposure to hypoxia can be replaced by another type of hit (e.g., ovalbumin sensitization) it is unknown whether abnormal pulmonary blood flow (PBF), which has long been known to invoke pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature, can replace the hypoxic exposure. Here we studied if a combination of SU5416 administration combined with pneumonectomy (PNx), to induce abnormal PBF in the contralateral lung, is sufficient to induce severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to SuPNx protocol (SU5416 + combined with left pneumonectomy) or standard SuHx protocol, and comparisons between models were made at week 2 and 6 postinitiation. Both SuHx and SuPNx models displayed extensive obliterative vascular remodeling leading to an increased right ventricular systolic pressure at week 6 Similar inflammatory response in the lung vasculature of both models was observed alongside increased endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study describes the SuPNx model, which features severe PAH at 6 wk and could serve as an alternative to the SuHx model. Our study, together with previous studies on experimental models of pulmonary hypertension, shows that the typical histopathological findings of PAH, including obliterative lesions, inflammation, increased cell turnover, and ongoing apoptosis, represent a final common pathway of a disease that can evolve as a consequence of a variety of insults to the lung vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Happé
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - M A de Raaf
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - N Rol
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - I Schalij
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - A Vonk-Noordegraaf
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - N Westerhof
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N F Voelkel
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - F S de Man
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - H J Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
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13
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Brown MB, Chingombe TJ, Zinn AB, Reddy JG, Novack RA, Cooney SA, Fisher AJ, Presson RG, Lahm T, Petrache I. Novel assessment of haemodynamic kinetics with acute exercise in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Physiol 2016; 100:742-54. [PMID: 25867528 DOI: 10.1113/ep085182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The acute effect of exercise at moderately high intensity on already-elevated pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular wall stress in a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? We show, for the first time, that in a rat model of PAH, exercise induces an acute reduction in pulmonary artery pressure associated with lung endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, without evidence of acute right ventricular inflammation or myocyte apoptosis. Haemodynamic measures obtained with traditional invasive methodology as well as novel implantable telemetry reveal an exercise-induced 'window' of pulmonary hypertension alleviation, supporting future investigations of individualized exercise as therapy in PAH. Exercise improves outcomes of multiple chronic conditions, but controversial results, including increased pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, have prevented its routine implementation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an incurable disease that drastically reduces exercise tolerance. Individualized, optimized exercise prescription for PAH requires a better understanding of disease-specific exercise responses. We investigated the acute impact of exercise on already-elevated PA pressure and right ventricular (RV) wall stress and inflammation in a rat model of PAH (PAH group, n = 12) induced once by monocrotaline (50 mg kg(-1) , i.p.; 2 weeks), compared with healthy control animals (n = 8). Single bouts of exercise consisted of a 45 min treadmill run at 75% of individually determined aerobic capacity (V̇O2max). Immediately after exercise, measurements of RV systolic pressure and systemic pressure were made via jugular and carotid cannulation, and were followed by tissue collection. Monocrotaline induced moderate PAH, evidenced by RV hypertrophy, decreased V̇O2max, PA muscularization, and RV and skeletal muscle cytoplasmic glycolysis detected by increased expression of glucose transporter-1. Acute exercise normalized the monocrotaline-induced elevation in RV systolic pressure and augmented pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, without evidence of increased RV inflammation or apoptosis. Real-time recordings of pulmonary and systemic pressures during and after single bouts of exercise made using novel implantable telemetry in the same animal for up to 11 weeks after monocrotaline (40 mg kg(-1) ) corroborated the finding of acute PA pressure decreases with exercise in PAH. The PA pressure-lowering effects of individualized exercise associated with RV-neutral effects and increases in vasorelaxor signalling encourage further development of optimized exercise regimens as adjunctive PAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tsungai J Chingombe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abigail B Zinn
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jagadeshwar G Reddy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel A Novack
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean A Cooney
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert G Presson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Cao SH, Cui YJ, Kong LK, Tian H, Cai HX, Wu YP, Han JJ, Zhao XM, Xia ZL. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba Ameliorates the Progression of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Protecting Endothelial Injury in Rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:155-62. [PMID: 26074502 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease that is characterized by elevated pulmonary blood pressure, abnormally thickened pulmonary arteries, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Monocrotaline (MCT) has been used to generate an experimental model of PH in rats, with PH initiated from injuries of lung vascular endothelium. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba is a widely used traditional herb in China, known to exert protective effects on vascular endothelial cell injury in animal experiments. However, the role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba in PH remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba (AESM) on MCT-induced PH and explored the pertinent mechanism. PH was induced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg body weight). Low or high dose (4.6 g/kg or 14 g/kg body weight) of AESM was then administered orally for 21 days to PH rats. Hemodynamic study showed that AESM reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure and improved right ventricle function. Lung pathological analysis revealed that AESM reduced wall thickness and lumen stenosis of pulmonary vessels. Also AESM ameliorated right ventricular hypertrophy. Measurement of biochemical parameters indicated that AESM decreased endothelin-1 and thromboxane A2 in plasma and increased nitrogen monoxide and prostacyclin in the plasma and reduced the increase of transforming growth factor β1 in lung tissue. Our results suggest that AESM may ameliorate the progression of MCT-induced PH in rats, at least in part by its protective effect on endothelial injury. Therefore, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba could be useful in the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University
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15
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Segreti JA, Polakowski JS, Blomme EA, King AJ. Simultaneous measurement of arterial and left ventricular pressure in conscious freely moving rats by telemetry. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:23-33. [PMID: 26778372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive cardiovascular assessment in conscious rodents by utilizing telemetry has been limited by the restriction of current devices to one pressure channel. The purpose of this study was to test and validate a dual pressure transmitter that allows the simultaneous measurement of arterial pressure (AP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP) in conscious freely moving rats. Six rats were surgically implanted with dual pressure transmitters. Baseline hemodynamics and circadian rhythm were observed to return within 7days. AP, heart rate (HR), LVP and indices of left ventricular contractility were stable and demonstrated a prominent circadian rhythm over a two-week period of uninterrupted recordings. Administration of the vasodilator nifedipine produced the anticipated dose-dependent decrease in AP which was accompanied by a baroreflex mediated increase in HR and cardiac contractility. The negative inotrope verapamil produced the expected dose-dependent decreases in AP and cardiac contractility. Finally, a terminal validation of the dual pressure transmitter was performed under anesthesia by measuring AP and LVP simultaneously via telemetry and from a fluid filled arterial catheter and an intraventricular Millar catheter, respectively. A range of pressures and cardiac contractility were studied by administering sequential intravenous infusions of the positive inotrope dobutamine followed by verapamil. Linear regression analysis revealed a high level of agreement between pressures measured by the dual pressure transmitter and the exteriorized catheters. Histopathologic analysis of the heart revealed mild peri-catheter fibrosis. In conclusion, the simultaneous measurement of AP and LVP offers the potential for more detailed cardiovascular assessment in conscious rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Segreti
- Research and Development, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | - Eric A Blomme
- Research and Development, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Andrew J King
- Research and Development, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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16
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EEG Radiotelemetry in Small Laboratory Rodents: A Powerful State-of-the Art Approach in Neuropsychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Epilepsy Research. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:8213878. [PMID: 26819775 PMCID: PMC4706962 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8213878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
EEG radiotelemetry plays an important role in the neurological characterization of transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases as well as epilepsies providing valuable insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and thereby facilitating the development of new translational approaches. We elaborate on the major advantages of nonrestraining EEG radiotelemetry in contrast to restraining procedures such as tethered systems or jacket systems containing recorders. Whereas a main disadvantage of the latter is their unphysiological, restraining character, telemetric EEG recording overcomes these disadvantages. It allows precise and highly sensitive measurement under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here we present a detailed description of a straightforward successful, quick, and efficient technique for intraperitoneal as well as subcutaneous pouch implantation of a standard radiofrequency transmitter in mice and rats. We further present computerized 3D-stereotaxic placement of both epidural and deep intracerebral electrodes. Preoperative preparation of mice and rats, suitable anaesthesia, and postoperative treatment and pain management are described in detail. A special focus is on fields of application, technical and experimental pitfalls, and technical connections of commercially available radiotelemetry systems with other electrophysiological setups.
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17
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de Raaf MA, Kroeze Y, Middelman A, de Man FS, de Jong H, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, de Korte C, Voelkel NF, Homberg J, Bogaard HJ. Serotonin transporter is not required for the development of severe pulmonary hypertension in the Sugen hypoxia rat model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1164-73. [PMID: 26386116 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased serotonin serum levels have been proposed to play a key role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by regulating vessel tone and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. An intact serotonin system, which critically depends on a normal function of the serotonin transporter (SERT), is required for the development of experimental pulmonary hypertension in rodents exposed to hypoxia or monocrotaline. While these animal models resemble human PAH only with respect to vascular media remodeling, we hypothesized that SERT is likewise required for the presence of lumen-obliterating intima remodeling, a hallmark of human PAH reproduced in the Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) rat model of severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, SERT wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) rats were exposed to the SuHx protocol. SERT KO rats, while completely lacking SERT, were hemodynamically indistinguishable from WT rats. After exposure to SuHx, similar degrees of severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy developed in WT and KO rats (right ventricular systolic pressure 60 vs. 55 mmHg, intima thickness 38 vs. 30%, respectively). In conclusion, despite its implicated importance in PAH, SERT does not play an essential role in the pathogenesis of severe angioobliterative pulmonary hypertension in rats exposed to SuHx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvet Kroeze
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonieke Middelman
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frances S de Man
- Departments of Pulmonology and Physiology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helma de Jong
- Department of Laboratory of Chemistry and metabolic diseases, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris de Korte
- Department of Radiology, Medical UltraSound Imaging Center; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Chaumais MC, Ranchoux B, Montani D, Dorfmüller P, Tu L, Lecerf F, Raymond N, Guignabert C, Price L, Simonneau G, Cohen-Kaminsky S, Humbert M, Perros F. N-acetylcysteine improves established monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Respir Res 2014; 15:65. [PMID: 24929652 PMCID: PMC4065537 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outcome of patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are predominantly determined by the response of the right ventricle to the increase afterload secondary to high vascular pulmonary resistance. However, little is known about the effects of the current available or experimental PAH treatments on the heart. Recently, inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PAH. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known safe anti-oxidant drug, has immuno-modulatory and cardioprotective properties. We therefore hypothesized that NAC could reduce the severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats exposed to monocrotaline (MCT), lowering inflammation and preserving pulmonary vascular system and right heart function. Methods Saline-treated control, MCT-exposed, MCT-exposed and NAC treated rats (day 14–28) were evaluated at day 28 following MCT for hemodynamic parameters (right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output), right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular morphometry, lung inflammatory cells immunohistochemistry (monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells), IL-6 expression, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Results The treatment with NAC significantly decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling, lung inflammation, and improved total pulmonary resistance (from 0.71 ± 0.05 for MCT group to 0.50 ± 0.06 for MCT + NAC group, p < 0.05). Right ventricular function was also improved with NAC treatment associated with a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (625 ± 69 vs. 439 ± 21 μm2 for MCT and MCT + NAC group respectively, p < 0.001) and heart fibrosis (14.1 ± 0.8 vs. 8.8 ± 0.1% for MCT and MCT + NAC group respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions Through its immuno-modulatory and cardioprotective properties, NAC has beneficial effect on pulmonary vascular and right heart function in experimental PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Perros
- UMRS 999, INSERM et Univ, Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 Avenue de la Résistance, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
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19
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Ronisz A, Delcroix M, Quarck R. Measurement of right ventricular pressure by telemetry in conscious moving rabbits. Lab Anim 2013; 47:175-183. [PMID: 23579323 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213483725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implantable radiotelemetry methodology has been used to continuously monitor pulmonary hemodynamics including right ventricular pressure (RVP) or pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in conscious, untethered and freely moving animals such as mice and rats. The use of implantable radiotelemetry to monitor RVP or PAP has never previously been described in rabbits. The aim of the present study was to use implantable radiotelemetry to continuously monitor RVP in conscious adult rabbits. Telemetry transmitters were implanted in 44 adult male New Zealand rabbits using a trans-diaphragm approach for the catheter placement. RVP, heart rate (HR) and activity were monitored every 15 min for 20 s. Body mass was recorded once a week. A total of 39 (88%) rabbits were successfully implanted. Thirty rabbits survived the surgical procedure resulting in an overall survival rate of 73%. RVP, HR and activity were long-term monitored in 17 rabbits for an average period of 103 ± 15 days. Weekly body mass follow-up showed that implantable radiotelemetry did not impair the normal development of the animal. Twenty-four-hour period monitoring of RVP, HR and activity showed concomitant changes in RVP, HR and activity according to the dark/light cycle applied to the rabbits. To conclude, implantable radiotelemetry methodology can be safely used to continuously monitor RVP in conscious rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Ronisz
- Respiratory Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Zuo XR, Wang Q, Cao Q, Yu YZ, Wang H, Bi LQ, Xie WP, Wang H. Nicorandil prevents right ventricular remodeling by inhibiting apoptosis and lowering pressure overload in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44485. [PMID: 22970229 PMCID: PMC3436887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of the deaths among patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are caused by progressive right ventricular (RV) pathological remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Nicorandil can inhibit the development of PAH by reducing pulmonary artery pressure and RV hypertrophy. However, whether nicorandil can inhibit apoptosis in RV cardiomyocytes and prevent RV remodeling has been unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings RV remodeling was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured at the end of each week after MCT injection. Blood samples were drawn for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ELISA analysis. The hearts were excised for histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and Western blotting analyses. The MCT-injected rats exhibited greater mortality and less weight gain and showed significantly increased RVSP and RV hypertrophy during the second week. These worsened during the third week. MCT injection for three weeks caused pathological RV remodeling, characterized by hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and RV mitochondrial impairment, as indicated by increased levels of apoptosis. Nicorandil improved survival, weight gain, and RV function, ameliorated RV pressure overload, and prevented maladaptive RV remodeling in PAH rats. Nicorandil also reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, with a concomitant increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) reversed these beneficial effects of nicorandil in MCT-injected rats. Conclusions/Significance Nicorandil inhibits PAH-induced RV remodeling in rats not only by reducing RV pressure overload but also by inhibiting apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through the activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels. The use of a mitoKATP channel opener such as nicorandil for PAH-associated RV remodeling and dysfunction may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of RV remodeling during the early stages of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Zuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhe Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qing Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HW); (WX)
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HW); (WX)
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21
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Manders E, de Man FS, Handoko ML, Westerhof N, van Hees HWH, Stienen GJM, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm weakness in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of sarcomeric dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L1070-8. [PMID: 22962018 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that diaphragm muscle weakness is present in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). However, the nature of this diaphragm weakness is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether changes at the sarcomeric level contribute to diaphragm weakness in PH. For this purpose, in control rats and rats with monocrotaline-induced PH, contractile performance and myosin heavy chain content of demembranated single diaphragm fibers were determined. We observed a reduced maximal tension of 20% (P < 0.05), whereas tension cost was preserved in type 2X and 2B diaphragm fibers in PH compared with control. The reduced maximal tension was associated with a reduction of force generated per half-sarcomeric myosin heavy chain content. Additionally, reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity of force generation was found in type 2X fibers compared with control, which could exacerbate diaphragm muscle weakness at submaximal activation. No changes in maximal tension and Ca(2+) sensitivity of force generation were observed in fibers from the nonrespiratory extensor digitorum longus muscle. Together, these findings indicate that diaphragm weakness in PH is at least partly caused by sarcomeric dysfunction, which appears to be specific for the diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Manders
- Department of Pulmonology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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de Man FS, Handoko ML, van Ballegoij JJM, Schalij I, Bogaards SJP, Postmus PE, van der Velden J, Westerhof N, Paulus WJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Bisoprolol delays progression towards right heart failure in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Circ Heart Fail 2011; 5:97-105. [PMID: 22157723 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.964494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH), sympathetic adrenergic activity is highly elevated. Sympathetic overactivity is a compensatory mechanism at first, but might be detrimental for cardiac function in the long run. We therefore investigated whether chronic low-dose treatment with bisoprolol (a cardioselective β-blocker) has beneficial effects on cardiac function in experimental PH. METHODS AND RESULTS PH was induced in rats by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Pressure telemetry in PH rats revealed that 10 mg/kg bisoprolol was the lowest dose that blunted heart rate response during daily activity. Ten days after monocrotaline injection, echocardiography was performed and PH rats were randomized for bisoprolol treatment (oral gavage) or vehicle (n=7/group). At end of study (body mass loss >5%), echocardiography was repeated, with additional pressure-volume measurements and histomolecular analyses. Compared with control, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure and arterial elastance (measure of vascular resistance) more than tripled in PH. Bisoprolol delayed time to right heart failure (P<0.05). RV afterload was unaffected, however, bisoprolol treatment increased RV contractility and filling (both P<0.01), and partially restored right ventriculo-arterial coupling and cardiac output (both P<0.05). Bisoprolol restored RV β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Histology revealed significantly less RV fibrosis and myocardial inflammation in bisoprolol treated PH rats. CONCLUSIONS In experimental PH, treatment with bisoprolol delays progression toward right heart failure, and partially preserves RV systolic and diastolic function. These promising results suggest a therapeutic role for β-blockers in PH that warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S de Man
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Supplemental Studies for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Safety Pharmacology: A Critical Overview. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:285-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hadi AM, Mouchaers KTB, Schalij I, Grunberg K, Meijer GA, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, van der Laarse WJ, Beliën JAM. Rapid quantification of myocardial fibrosis: a new macro-based automated analysis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:343-54. [PMID: 21538025 PMCID: PMC3162624 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis is associated with various cardiac pathologies and dysfunction.
Current quantification methods are time-consuming and laborious. We describe
a semi-automated quantification technique for myocardial fibrosis and
validated this using traditional methods. Methods Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was induced in adult Wistar rats by subcutaneous
monocrotaline (MCT) injection(40 mg/kg). Cryosections of myocardial
tissue (5 μm) of PH rats
(n = 9) and controls
(n = 9) were stained using Picrosirius red
and scanned with a digital microscopic MIRAX slide scanner. From these
sections 21 images were taken randomly of each heart. Using ImageJ
software a macro for automated image analysis of the amount of fibrosis was
developed. For comparison, fibrosis was quantified using traditional
polarisation microscopy. Both methods were correlated and validated against
stereology as the gold standard. Furthermore, the method was tested in
paraffin-embedded human tissues. Results Automated analysis showed a significant increase of fibrosis in PH hearts vs.
control. Automated analysis correlated with traditional polarisation and
stereology analysis (r2 = 0.92
and r2 = 0.95 respectively). In
human heart, lungs, kidney, and liver, a similar correlation with stereology
(r2 = 0.91) was observed.
Time required for automated analysis was 22% and 33% of the time needed for
stereology and polarisation analysis respectively. Conclusion Automated quantification of fibrosis is feasible, objective, and
time-efficient. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13402-011-0035-7) contains
supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awal M Hadi
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Miura M, Hirose M, Endoh H, Wakayama Y, Sugai Y, Nakano M, Fukuda K, Shindoh C, Shirato K, Shimokawa H. Acceleration of Ca2+ waves in monocrotaline-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. Circ J 2011; 75:1343-9. [PMID: 21467666 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggered arrhythmias arise from delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), with Ca(2+) waves playing an important role in their formation. In ventricular hypertrophy, however, it remains unclear how Ca(2+) waves change their propagation features and affect arrhythmogenesis. We addressed this important issue in a rat model of hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were given a subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT-rats) or solvent (Ctr-rats). After 4 weeks, MCT-rats showed high right ventricular (RV) pressure and RV hypertrophy. Trabeculae were dissected from 36 right ventricles. The force was measured using a silicon strain gauge and regional intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was determined using microinjected fura-2. Reproducible Ca(2+) waves were induced by stimulus trains (2 Hz, 7.5s). MCT-rats showed a higher diastolic [Ca(2+)](i) and faster and larger Ca(2+) waves (P<0.01). The velocity and amplitude of Ca(2+) waves were correlated with the diastolic [Ca(2+)](i) both in the Ctr- and MCT-rats. The velocity of Ca(2+) waves in the MCT-rats was larger at the given amplitude of Ca(2+) waves than that in the Ctr-rats (P < 0.01). The amplitude of DADs was correlated with the velocity and amplitude of Ca(2+) waves in the Ctr- and MCT-rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that an increase in diastolic [Ca(2+)](i) and an increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channel accelerate Ca(2+) waves in ventricular hypertrophy, thereby causing arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Miura
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Health Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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26
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Wang Y, Jing L, Zhao XM, Han JJ, Xia ZL, Qin SC, Wu YP, Sun XJ. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in a rat model. Respir Res 2011; 12:26. [PMID: 21375753 PMCID: PMC3065415 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen-rich saline has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and effectively protect against organ damage. Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis and/or development of pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in a rat model. METHODS In male Sprague-Dawley rats, pulmonary hypertension was induced by subcutaneous administration of monocrotaline at a concentration of 6 mg/100 g body weight. Hydrogen-rich saline (5 ml/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 2 or 3 weeks. Severity of pulmonary hypertension was assessed by hemodynamic index and histologic analysis. Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine level, and superoxide dismutase activity were measured in the lung tissue and serum. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6) in serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Hydrogen-rich saline treatment improved hemodynamics and reversed right ventricular hypertrophy. It also decreased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the lung tissue and serum, accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the progression of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in rats, which may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Artherosclerosis Research Institute of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, PR China
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27
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de Man FS, van Hees HWH, Handoko ML, Niessen HW, Schalij I, Humbert M, Dorfmüller P, Mercier O, Bogaard HJ, Postmus PE, Westerhof N, Stienen GJM, van der Laarse WJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:1411-8. [PMID: 21131469 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201003-0354oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Recently it was suggested that patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) suffer from inspiratory muscle dysfunction. However, the nature of inspiratory muscle weakness in PH remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess whether alterations in contractile performance and in morphology of the diaphragm underlie inspiratory muscle weakness in PH. METHODS PH was induced in Wistar rats by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Diaphragm (PH n = 8; controls n = 7) and extensor digitorum longus (PH n = 5; controls n = 7) muscles were excised for determination of in vitro contractile properties and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers. In addition, important determinants of protein synthesis and degradation were determined. Finally, muscle fiber CSA was determined in diaphragm and quadriceps of patients with PH, and the contractile performance of single fibers of the diaphragm. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In rats with PH, twitch and maximal tetanic force generation of diaphragm strips were significantly lower, and the force-frequency relation was shifted to the right (i.e., impaired relative force generation) compared with control subjects. Diaphragm fiber CSA was significantly smaller in rats with PH compared with controls, and was associated with increased expression of E3-ligases MAFbx and MuRF-1. No significant differences in contractility and morphology of extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers were found between rats with PH and controls. In line with the rat data, studies on patients with PH revealed significantly reduced CSA and impaired contractility of diaphragm muscle fibers compared with control subjects, with no changes in quadriceps muscle. CONCLUSIONS PH induces selective diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S de Man
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van den Brom CE, Bosmans JWAM, Vlasblom R, Handoko LM, Huisman MC, Lubberink M, Molthoff CFM, Lammertsma AA, Ouwens MD, Diamant M, Boer C. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: the forgotten right ventricle. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:25. [PMID: 20550678 PMCID: PMC2898761 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with myocardial infarction or heart failure, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with death, shock and arrhythmias. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, structural and functional alterations of the left ventricle (LV) are highly prevalent, however, little is known about the impact of diabetes on RV characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether LV changes are paralleled by RV alterations in a rat model of diabetes. Methods Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and control (ZL) rats underwent echocardiography and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning using [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose under hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp conditions. Glucose, insulin, triglycerides and fatty acids were assessed from trunk blood. Another group of rats received an insulin or saline injection to study RV insulin signaling. Results ZDF rats developed hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia (all p < 0.05). Echocardiography revealed depressed LV fractional shortening and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in ZDF vs. ZL rats (both p < 0.05). A decrease in LV and RV insulin-mediated glucose utilisation was found in ZDF vs. ZL rats (both p < 0.05). LV associated with RV with respect to systolic function (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) and glucose utilisation (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). TAPSE associated with RV MRglu (r = 0.92, p < 0.05) and M-value (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001) and RV MRglu associated with M-value (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Finally, reduced RV insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was found in ZDF vs. ZL (p < 0.05). Conclusions LV changes were paralleled by RV alterations in insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and RV systolic function in a rat model of diabetes, which may be attributed to ventricular interdependence as well as to the uniform effect of diabetes. Since diabetic patients are prone to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia, it might be suggested that RV dysfunction plays a central role in cardiac abnormalities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Internal Medicine/Diabetes Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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29
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Redout EM, van der Toorn A, Zuidwijk MJ, van de Kolk CWA, van Echteld CJA, Musters RJP, van Hardeveld C, Paulus WJ, Simonides WS. Antioxidant treatment attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1038-47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ROS have been implicated in the development of pathological ventricular hypertrophy and the ensuing contractile dysfunction. Using the rat monocrotaline (MCT) model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we recently reported oxidative stress in the failing right ventricle (RV) with no such stress in the left ventricle of the same hearts. We used the antioxidant EUK-134 to assess the role of ROS in the pathological remodeling and dysfunction of the RV. PAH was induced by an injection of MCT (80 mg/kg, day 0), treatment with EUK-134 (25 mg/kg, once every 2 days) of control and MCT-injected animals [congestive heart failure (CHF) group] was started on day 10, and animals were analyzed on day 22. EUK-134 treatment of the CHF group attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and associated changes in mRNA expression (myosin heavy chain-β and deiodinase type 3). It also reduced RV oxidative stress and proapoptotic signaling and prevented interstitial fibrosis. Cardiac MRI showed that ROS scavenging did not affect the 37% increase in end-diastolic volume of the RV in the CHF relative to the control group, but the threefold increase in end-systolic volume was reduced by 42% in the EUK-134-treated CHF group. The improved systolic function was confirmed using echocardiography by an assessment of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. These data indicate an important role of ROS in RV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction due to PAH and show the potential of EUK-class antioxidants as complementary therapeutics in the treatment of RV dysfunction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everaldo M. Redout
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian J. Zuidwijk
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Cees W. A. van de Kolk
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; and
| | - Cees J. A. van Echteld
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; and
| | - René J. P. Musters
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Cornelis van Hardeveld
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Walter J. Paulus
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
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Wong YY, Handoko ML, Mouchaers KTB, de Man FS, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, van der Laarse WJ. Reduced mechanical efficiency of rat papillary muscle related to degree of hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1190-7. [PMID: 20118411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00773.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolated rat papillary muscles of the right ventricle were used to discover the origin of reduced myocardial efficiency in chronic heart failure. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced by monocrotaline injection, causing pulmonary hypertension. Control (n = 7) and hypertrophied (n = 11) papillary muscles were subjected to sinusoidal length changes at 37 degrees C and 5 Hz with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 15% of the length giving maximum force (L(max)) after being stretched to 92.5% of L(max). Isometric tension at L(max) was similar in control and hypertrophied muscles. Work was assessed from the area encompassed by force-length loops. Work per loop was 0.93 +/- 0.11 and 0.84 +/- 0.11 microJ/mm(3) (means +/- SE) for control and hypertrophied muscles, respectively (P = 0.591). Suprabasal O(2) uptake per work loop was 5.7 +/- 0.7 pmol/mm(3) in control muscles and 8.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/mm(3) in hypertrophied muscles (P = 0.133). Net mechanical efficiency was calculated from the ratio of work output and suprabasal O(2) uptake. The efficiency of hypertrophied muscles was 29.1 +/- 3.7% and was smaller than in control muscles (43.7 +/- 2.2%, P = 0.016). The right ventricular cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area increased from 272 +/- 17 microm(2) in control muscles to 396 +/- 31 microm(2) in hypertrophied muscles (P < 0.003). Mechanical efficiency correlated negatively with right ventricular wall thickness and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area [Spearman rank correlation coefficients of -0.50 (P = 0.039) and -0.53 (P = 0.024), respectively]. We conclude that efficiency decreases with increasing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, the reduced efficiency of diseased whole hearts can be at least partly explained by reduced efficiency at the cardiomyocyte level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Ying Wong
- Dept. of Physiology, Vrije Univ. Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Peternel L, Škrajnar Š, Černe M. A comparative study of four permanent cannulation procedures in rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Handoko ML, Lamberts RR, Redout EM, de Man FS, Boer C, Simonides WS, Paulus WJ, Westerhof N, Allaart CP, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Right ventricular pacing improves right heart function in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension: a study in the isolated heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1752-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00555.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is associated with mechanical ventricular dyssynchrony, which leads to impaired right ventricular (RV) function and, by adverse diastolic interaction, to impaired left ventricular (LV) function as well. However, therapies aiming to restore synchrony by pacing are currently not available. In this proof-of-principle study, we determined the acute effects of RV pacing on ventricular dyssynchrony in PH. Chronic PH with right heart failure was induced in rats by injection of monocrotaline (80 mg/kg). To validate for PH-related ventricular dyssynchrony, rats (6 PH, 6 controls) were examined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (9.4 T), 23 days after monocrotaline or sham injection. In a second group (10 PH, 4 controls), the effects of RV pacing were studied in detail, using Langendorff-perfused heart preparations. In PH, septum bulging was observed, coinciding with a reversal of the transseptal pressure gradient, as observed in clinical PH. RV pacing improved RV systolic function, compared with unpaced condition (maximal first derivative of RV pressure: +8.5 ± 1.3%, P < 0.001). In addition, RV pacing markedly decreased the pressure-time integral of the transseptal pressure gradient when RV pressure exceeds LV pressure, an index of adverse diastolic interaction (−24 ± 9%, P < 0.01), and RV pacing was able to resynchronize time of RV and LV peak pressure (unpaced: 9.8 ± 1.2 ms vs. paced: 1.7 ± 2.0 ms, P < 0.001). Finally, RV pacing had no detrimental effects on LV function or coronary perfusion, and no LV preexcitation occurred. Taken together, we demonstrate that, in experimental PH, RV pacing improves RV function and diminishes adverse diastolic interaction. These findings provide a strong rationale for further in vivo explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cornelis P. Allaart
- Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Okada M, Harada T, Kikuzuki R, Yamawaki H, Hara Y. Effects of telmisartan on right ventricular remodeling induced by monocrotaline in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:193-200. [PMID: 19809219 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09112fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, has cardioprotective effects on monocrotaline-induced right ventricular (RV) remodeling in rats. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into control group (CONT), monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, i.p.)-treated group (MCT), monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, i.p.) + telmisartan (3 mg/kg per day, p.o.)-treated group (MCT+TEL), and telmisartan (3 mg/kg per day, p.o.) alone-treated group (TEL). Hearts were excised after echocardiography examinations at day 25. Significant increase in RV weight and histologically remarkable fibrosis in RV sections were observed in MCT. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, a parameter for RV systolic function, significantly decreased in MCT. These RV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction were inhibited in MCT+TEL. In MCT, the acceleration time/ejection time ratio of pulmonary artery flow velocity, an index of pulmonary hypertension, significantly decreased. This decrease was not affected in MCT+TEL. In MCT, expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, which play a critical role in cardiac remodeling, significantly increased in the RV. In MCT+TEL, these increases in expressions and activities were inhibited. MCT showed about 2-fold increase in transforming growth factor-beta1 expression compared with CONT, and such an increase was not decreased in MCT+TEL. There were no significant changes of these parameters in TEL compared with CONT. These results suggest that telmisartan could attenuate the monocrotaline-induced RV remodeling through improvements of RV hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and inhibition of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
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Handoko M, de Man F, Happé C, Schalij I, Musters R, Westerhof N, Postmus P, Paulus W, van der Laarse W, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Opposite Effects of Training in Rats With Stable and Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2009; 120:42-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.829713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a promising adjunct to medical treatment. However, it is still unclear whether training is beneficial for all PH patients. We hypothesized that right ventricular adaptation plays a pivotal role in the response to training.
Methods and Results—
Two different dosages of monocrotaline were used in rats to model stable PH with preserved cardiac output and progressive PH developing right heart failure. Two weeks after injection, PH was confirmed by echocardiography, and treadmill training was initiated. Rats were trained for 4 weeks unless manifest right heart failure developed earlier. At the end of the study protocol, all rats were functionally assessed by endurance testing, echocardiography, and invasive pressure measurements. Lungs and hearts were further analyzed in quantitative histomorphologic analyses. In stable PH, exercise training was well tolerated and markedly increased exercise endurance (from 25±3.9 to 62±3.9 minutes;
P
<0.001). Moreover, capillary density increased significantly (from 1.21±0.12 to 1.51±0.07 capillaries per cardiomyocyte;
P
<0.05). However, in progressive PH, exercise training worsened survival (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 14.2) and increased pulmonary vascular remodeling. In addition, training induced widespread leukocyte infiltration into the right ventricle (from 135±14 to 276±18 leukocytes per 1 mm
2
;
P
<0.001).
Conclusions—
In our rat model, exercise training was found to be beneficial in stable PH but detrimental in progressive PH. Future studies are necessary to address the clinical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Handoko
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F.S. de Man
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C.M. Happé
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. Schalij
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R.J.P. Musters
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Westerhof
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P.E. Postmus
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.J. Paulus
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.J. van der Laarse
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A. Vonk-Noordegraaf
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mouchaers KTB, Schalij I, Versteilen AMG, Hadi AM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Postmus PE, van der Laarse WJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Endothelin receptor blockade combined with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition increases right ventricular mitochondrial capacity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H200-7. [PMID: 19395550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00893.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is often treated with endothelin (ET) receptor blockade or phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibition. Little is known about the specific effects on right ventricular (RV) function and metabolism. We determined the effects of single and combination treatment with Bosentan [an ET type A (ET(A))/type B (ET(B)) receptor blocker] and Sildenafil (a PDE5 inhibitor) on RV function and oxidative metabolism in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Fourteen days after MCT injection, male Wistar rats were orally treated for 10 days with Bosentan, Sildenafil, or both. RV catheterization and echocardiography showed that MCT clearly induced PAH. This was evidenced by increased RV systolic pressure, reduced cardiac output, increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and reduced RV fractional shortening. Quantitative histochemistry showed marked RV hypertrophy and fibrosis. Monotreatment with Bosentan or Sildenafil had no effect on RV systolic pressure or cardiac function, but RV fibrosis was reduced and RV capillarization increased. Combination treatment did not reduce RV systolic pressure, but significantly lowered PVR, and normalized cardiac output, RV fractional shortening, and fibrosis. Only combination treatment increased the mitochondrial capacity of the RV, as reflected by increased succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities, associated with an activation of PKG, as indicated by increased VASP phosphorylation. Moreover, significant interactions were found between Bosentan and Sildenafil on PVR, cardiac output, RV contractility, PKG activity, and mitochondrial capacity. These data indicate that the combination of Bosentan and Sildenafil may beneficially contribute to RV adaptation in PAH, not only by reducing PVR but also by acting on the mitochondria in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen T B Mouchaers
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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