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Hussein HR, Chang CY, Zheng Y, Yang CY, Li LH, Lee YT, Chen JY, Liang YC, Lin CJ, Chang YC, Geo HN, Noor SM, Kiew LV, Chen FR, Chang CC. Immune-stealth VP28-conjugated heparin nanoparticles for enhanced and reversible anticoagulation. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:175102. [PMID: 38262054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad21a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Heparins are a family of sulfated linear negatively charged polysaccharides that have been widely used for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Additionally, it has been used for acute cerebral infarction relief as well as other pharmacological actions. However, heparin's self-aggregated macrocomplex may reduce blood circulation time and induce life-threatening thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicating the use of heparins. Nonetheless, the conjugation of heparin to immuno-stealth biomolecules may overcome these obstacles. An immunostealth recombinant viral capsid protein (VP28) was expressed and conjugated with heparin to form a novel nanoparticle (VP28-heparin). VP28-heparin was characterized and tested to determine its immunogenicity, anticoagulation properties, effects on total platelet count, and risk of inducing HIT in animal models. The synthesized VP28-heparin trimeric nanoparticle was non-immunogenic, possessed an average hydrodynamic size (8.81 ± 0.58 nm) optimal for the evasion renal filtration and reticuloendothelial system uptake (hence prolonging circulating half-life). Additionally, VP28-heparin did not induce mouse death or reduce blood platelet count when administered at a high dosein vivo(hence reducing HIT risks). The VP28-heparin nanoparticle also exhibited superior anticoagulation properties (2.2× higher prothrombin time) and comparable activated partial thromboplastin time, but longer anticoagulation period when compared to unfractionated heparin. The anticoagulative effects of the VP28-heparin can also be reversed using protamine sulfate. Thus, VP28-heparin may be an effective and safe heparin derivative for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Reda Hussein
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch 71524, Egypt
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yini Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and laboratory medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chaun Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ju Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui Nee Geo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10529, Taiwan
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Ng XY, Fong KW, Kiew LV, Chung PY, Liew YK, Delsuc N, Zulkefeli M, Low ML. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as emerging photosensitisers for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 250:112425. [PMID: 37977020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently emerged as a potential valuable alternative to treat microbial infections. In PDT, singlet oxygen is generated in the presence of photosensitisers and oxygen under light irradiation of a specific wavelength, causing cytotoxic damage to bacteria. This review highlights different generations of photosensitisers and the common characteristics of ideal photosensitisers. It also focuses on the emergence of ruthenium and more specifically on Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes as metal-based photosensitisers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Their photochemical and photophysical properties as well as structures are discussed while relating them to their phototoxicity. The use of Ru(II) complexes with recent advancements such as nanoformulations, combinatory therapy and photothermal therapy to improve on previous shortcomings of the complexes are outlined. Future perspectives of these complexes used in two-photon PDT, photoacoustic imaging and sonotherapy are also discussed. This review covers the literature published from 2017 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Ng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar Wai Fong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pooi Yin Chung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Khoon Liew
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieur, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yap CH, Ramle AQ, Lim SK, Rames A, Tay ST, Chin SP, Kiew LV, Tiekink ERT, Chee CF. Synthesis and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm inhibitory activity of indolenine-substituted pyrazole and pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 95:117485. [PMID: 37812886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly adaptable opportunistic pathogen that can form biofilms and generate persister cells, leading to life-threatening infections that are difficult to treat with antibiotics alone. Therefore, there is a need for an effective S. aureus biofilm inhibitor to combat this public health threat. In this study, a small library of indolenine-substituted pyrazoles and pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives were synthesised, of which the hit compound exhibited promising antibiofilm activities against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA ATCC 29213) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA ATCC 33591) at concentrations significantly lower than the planktonic growth inhibition. The hit compound could prevent biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms of MSSA and MRSA, with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) value as low as 1.56 µg/mL and a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) value as low as 6.25 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the hit compound against MSSA and MRSA were 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against MSSA and MRSA were > 100 µg/mL. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that the fused benzene ring and COOH group of the hit compound are crucial for the antibiofilm activity. Additionally, the compound was not cytotoxic to human alveolar A549 cells, thus highlighting its potential as a suitable candidate for further development as a S. aureus biofilm inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hong Yap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Qaiyum Ramle
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - See Khai Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Avinash Rames
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Loke YL, Beishenaliev A, Wang PW, Lin CY, Chang CY, Foo YY, Faruqu FN, Leo BF, Misran M, Chung LY, Shieh DB, Kiew LV, Chang CC, Teo YY. ROS-generating alginate-coated gold nanorods as biocompatible nanosonosensitisers for effective sonodynamic therapy of cancer. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 96:106437. [PMID: 37187119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) emerges as a promising non-invasive alternative for eradicating malignant tumours. However, its therapeutic efficacy remains limited due to the lack of sonosensitisers with high potency and biosafety. Previously, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been extensively studied for their applications in photodynamic or photothermal cancer therapy, but their sonosensitising properties are largely unexplored. Here, we reported the applicability of alginate-coated AuNRs (AuNRsALG) with improved biocompatibility profiles as promising nanosonosensitisers for SDT for the first time. AuNRsALG were found stable under ultrasound irradiation (1.0 W/cm2, 5 min) and maintained structural integrity for 3 cycles of irradiation. The exposure of the AuNRsALG to ultrasound irradiation (1.0 W/cm2, 5 min) was shown to enhance the cavitation effect significantly and generate a 3 to 8-fold higher amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) than other reported commercial titanium dioxide nanosonosensitisers. AuNRsALG exerted dose-dependent sonotoxicity on human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro, with ∼ 81% cancer cell killing efficacy at a sub-nanomolar level (IC50 was 0.68 nM) predominantly through apoptosis. The protein expression analysis showed significant DNA damage and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, suggesting AuNRsALG induced cell death through the mitochondrial pathway. The addition of mannitol, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, inhibited cancer-killing effect of AuNRsALG-mediated SDT, further verifying that the sonotoxicity of AuNRsALG is driven by the production of ROS. Overall, these results highlight the potential application of AuNRsALG as an effective nanosonosensitising agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Leng Loke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adilet Beishenaliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, 33303 Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 33303 Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farid Nazer Faruqu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Oral Medicine and School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 70403 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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5
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Liew HS, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Madheswaran T, Kiew LV, Pua LJW, Hii LW, Lim WM, Low ML. Novel Gemcitabine-Re(I) Bisquinolinyl Complex Combinations and Formulations With Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903210. [PMID: 35873548 PMCID: PMC9299370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With less than 10% of 5-year survival rate, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known to be one of the most lethal types of cancer. Current literature supports that gemcitabine is the first-line treatment of PDAC. However, poor cellular penetration of gemcitabine along with the acquired and intrinsic chemoresistance of tumor against it often reduced its efficacy and hence necessitates the administration of high gemcitabine dose during chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a more selective and minimally invasive treatment, may be used synergistically with gemcitabine to reduce the doses utilized and dose-related side effects. This study reports the synergistic use of Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex, a transition metal complex photosensitizer with gemcitabine against PDAC. Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex was found to act synergistically with gemcitabine against PDAC in vitro at various ratios. With the aim to enhance cellular uptake and therapeutic efficiency, the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex and gemcitabine were encapsulated into liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) system. The formulations were found to produce homogeneous drug-loaded LCNPs (average size: 159-173 nm, zeta potential +1.06 to -10 mV). Around 70% of gemcitabine and 90% of the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex were found to be entrapped efficiently in the formulated LCNPs. The release rate of gemcitabine or/and the Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex loaded into LCNPs was evaluated in vitro, and the hydrophilic gemcitabine was released at a faster rate than the lipophilic Re(I) complex. LCNPs loaded with gemcitabine and Re(I) bisquinolinyl complex in a 1:1 ratio illustrated the best anti-cancer activity among the LCNP formulations (IC50 of BxPC3: 0.15 μM; IC50 of SW 1990: 0.76 μM) through apoptosis. The current findings suggest the potential use of transition metal-based photosensitizer as an adjunctive agent for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy against PDAC and the importance of nano-formulation in such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling Wei Hii
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Meng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - May Lee Low
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Saw WS, Anasamy T, Anh Do TT, Lee HB, Chee CF, Isci U, Misran M, Dumoulin F, Chong WY, Kiew LV, Imae T, Chung LY. Nanoscaled PAMAM Dendrimer Spacer Improved the Photothermal-Photodynamic Treatment Efficiency of Photosensitizer-Decorated Confeito-Like Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200130. [PMID: 35579182 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A critical factor in developing an efficient photosensitizer-gold nanoparticle (PS-AuNP) hybrid system with improved plasmonic photosensitization is to allocate a suitable space between AuNPs and PS. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer is selected as a spacer between the PS and confeito-like gold nanoparticles (confeito-AuNPs), providing the required distance (≈2.5-22.5 nm) for plasmon-enhanced singlet oxygen generation and heat production upon 638-nm laser irradiation and increase the cellular internalization of the nanoconjugates. The loading of the PS, tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) and modified zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc1) onto PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs demonstrate better in vitro cancer cell-killing efficacy, as the combined photothermal-photodynamic therapies (PTT-PDTs) outperforms the single treatment modalities (PTT or PDT alone). These PS-PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs also demonstrate higher phototoxicity than photosensitizers directly conjugated to confeito-AuNPs (TCPP-confeito-AuNPs and ZnPc1-confeito-AuNPs) against all breast cancer cell lines tested (MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and 4T1). In the in vivo studies, TCPP-PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs are biocompatible and exhibit a selective tumor accumulation effect, resulting in higher antitumor efficacy than free TCPP, PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs and TCPP-confeito-AuNPs. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm PAMAM effectiveness in facilitating cellular uptake, plasmon-enhanced singlet oxygen and heat generation. In summary, this study highlights the potential of integrating a PAMAM spacer in enhancing the plasmon effect-based photothermal-photodynamic anticancer treatment efficiency of PS-decorated confeito-AuNPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, 75150, Malaysia
| | - Thu Thi Anh Do
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Umit Isci
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Wu Yi Chong
- Photonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Chua RAHW, Lim SK, Chee CF, Chin SP, Kiew LV, Sim KS, Tay ST. Surgical site infection and development of antimicrobial sutures: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:828-845. [PMID: 35179749 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202202_27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sutures are used to facilitate wound healing and play an important role in ensuring the success of surgical interventions in healthcare facilities. Suture-associated surgical site infection (SSI) may develop when bacterial contaminants colonize the suture surface and establish biofilms that are highly resistant to antibiotic treatment. The outcome of SSI affects postoperative care, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased financial burden. Antimicrobial sutures coated with antiseptics such as triclosan and chlorhexidine have been used to minimize the occurrence of SSI. However, as the efficacy of antiseptic-based sutures may be affected due to the emergence of resistant strains, new approaches for the development of alternative antimicrobial sutures are necessary. This review provides an update and outlook of various approaches in the design and development of antimicrobial sutures. Attaining a zero SSI rate will be possible with the advancement in suturing technology and implementation of good infection control practice in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A H W Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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8
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Fong SS, Foo YY, Saw WS, Leo BF, Teo YY, Chung I, Goh BT, Misran M, Imae T, Chang CC, Chung LY, Kiew LV. Chitosan-Coated-PLGA Nanoparticles Enhance the Antitumor and Antimigration Activity of Stattic – A STAT3 Dimerization Blocker. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:137-150. [PMID: 35046650 PMCID: PMC8762521 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s337093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of nanocarriers to improve the delivery and efficacy of antimetastatic agents is less explored when compared to cytotoxic agents. This study reports the entrapment of an antimetastatic Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerization blocker, Stattic (S) into a chitosan-coated-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (C-PLGA) nanocarrier and the improvement on the drug’s physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo antimetastatic properties post entrapment. Methods In vitro, physicochemical properties of the Stattic-entrapped C-PLGA nanoparticles (S@C-PLGA) and Stattic-entrapped PLGA nanoparticles (S@PLGA, control) in terms of size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, Stattic release in different medium and cytotoxicity were firstly evaluated. The in vitro antimigration properties of the nanoparticles on breast cancer cell lines were then studied by Scratch assay and Transwell assay. Study on the in vivo antitumor efficacy and antimetastatic properties of S@C-PLGA compared to Stattic were then performed on 4T1 tumor bearing mice. Results The S@C-PLGA nanoparticles (141.8 ± 2.3 nm) was hemocompatible and exhibited low Stattic release (12%) in plasma. S@C-PLGA also exhibited enhanced in vitro anti-cell migration potency (by >10-fold in MDA-MB-231 and 5-fold in 4T1 cells) and in vivo tumor growth suppression (by 33.6%) in 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumor bearing mice when compared to that of the Stattic-treated group. Interestingly, the number of lung and liver metastatic foci was found to reduce by 50% and 56.6%, respectively, and the average size of the lung metastatic foci was reduced by 75.4% in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice treated with S@C-PLGA compared to Stattic-treated group (p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest the usage of C-PLGA nanocarrier to improve the delivery and efficacy of antimetastatic agents, such as Stattic, in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sally Fong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Boon Tong Goh
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan-Malaysia Semiconductor and Biomedical Oversea Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Chia-Ching Chang Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, TaiwanTel +886-3-57131633 Email
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Lik Voon Kiew Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MalaysiaTel +603-79675720 Email
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Saw WS, Anasamy T, Foo YY, Kwa YC, Kue CS, Yeong CH, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Chung LY. Delivery of Nanoconstructs in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Adv Therap 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yee Chu Kwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Management and Science University Shah Alam Selangor 40100 Malaysia
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- School of Biosciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
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Anasamy T, Chee CF, Wong YF, Heh CH, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Chung LY. Triorganotin complexes in cancer chemotherapy: Mechanistic insights and future perspectives. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yuen Fei Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Kwa YC, Tan YF, Foo YY, Leo BF, Chung I, Kiew LV, Imae T, Yusa SI, Chung LY. Improved delivery and antimetastatic effects of Stattic by self-assembled amphiphilic pendant-dendron copolymer micelles in breast cancer cell lines. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liew HS, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Madheswaran T, Kiew LV, Delsuc N, Low ML. Recent Emergence of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes as Photosensitisers for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E4176. [PMID: 32932573 PMCID: PMC7571230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a significant complementary or alternative approach for cancer treatment. PDT drugs act as photosensitisers, which upon using appropriate wavelength light and in the presence of molecular oxygen, can lead to cell death. Herein, we reviewed the general characteristics of the different generation of photosensitisers. We also outlined the emergence of rhenium (Re) and more specifically, Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes as a new generation of metal-based photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy that are of great interest in multidisciplinary research. The photophysical properties and structures of Re(I) complexes discussed in this review are summarised to determine basic features and similarities among the structures that are important for their phototoxic activity and future investigations. We further examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the Re(I) complexes that have been synthesised for anticancer purposes. We also discussed Re(I) complexes in conjunction with the advancement of two-photon PDT, drug combination study, nanomedicine, and photothermal therapy to overcome the limitation of such complexes, which generally absorb short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - May Lee Low
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
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Anasamy T, Chee CF, Kiew LV, Chung LY. In vivo antitumour properties of tribenzyltin carboxylates in a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model: Enhanced efficacy by PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 142:105140. [PMID: 31704345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the in vivo performance of two tribenzyltin carboxylate complexes, tri(4-fluorobenzyl)tin[(N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioyl)sulfanyl]acetate (C1) and tribenzyltin isonicotinate (C9), in their native form as well as in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation, to assess their potential to be translated into clinically useful agents. In a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model, single intravenous administration of C1 (2.7 mg/kg) and C9 (2.1 mg/kg; 2.1 mg/kg C9 is equivalent to 2.7 mg/kg C1) induced greater tumour growth delay than cisplatin and doxorubicin at equivalent doses, while a double-dose regimen demonstrated a much greater tumour growth delay than the single-dose treated groups. To improve the efficacy of the complexes in vivo, C1 and C9 were further integrated into PLGA nanoparticles to yield nanosized PLGA-C1 (183.7 ± 0.8 nm) and PLGA-C9 (163.2 ± 1.2 nm), respectively. Single intravenous administration of PLGA-C1 (2.7 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (2.1 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced greater tumour growth delay (33% reduction in the area under curve compared to that of free C1 and C9). Multiple-dose administration of PLGA-C1 (5.4 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (4.2 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced tumour growth suppression at the end of the study (21.7 and 34.6% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the double-dose regimen; 73.5 and 79.0% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the triple-dose regimen, respectively). Such tumour growth suppression was not observed in mice receiving multiple-dose regimens of free C1 and C9. Histopathological analysis revealed that metastasis to the lung and liver was inhibited in mice receiving PLGA-C1 and PLGA-C9. The current study has demonstrated the improved in vivo antitumour efficacies of C1 and C9 compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs and the enhancement of the efficacies of these agents via a robust PLGA-based nanoformulation and multiple-drug administration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rusdi N‘A, Kue CS, Yu KX, Lau BF, Chung LY, Kiew LV. Assessment of Potential Anticancer Activity of Brown Seaweed Compounds Using Zebrafish Phenotypic Assay. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19857909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on anticancer drug discovery, the number of potent lead compounds that enter the preclinical and clinical trials thus far is still low due to the poor selectivity and understanding in pharmacodynamics. In view of the homology between zebrafish embryogenesis and carcinogenesis in human, zebrafish embryos can be used in the screening platform to elucidate the molecular targets of potential anticancer compounds. In the present study, the possible targets modulating the potential anticancer effects of selected brown seaweed-derived compounds (ie alginate, fucoidan, phloroglucinol, fucosterol, and fucoxanthin) were examined. Teratogenic effects induced by the compounds were observed after 72 hours post-fertilization. Fucoidan, phloroglucinol, and fucosterol were observed to significantly reduce the pigmentation of the zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner at low concentrations (fucoidan, <60 µg/mL; phloroglucinol, <10 µg/mL; fucosterol, <3 µg/mL). On the other hand, embryos treated with fucoxanthin at 200 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL exhibited either phenotypes of curved trunk or bent tail. Further validation work using dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and dorsomorphin as positive controls suggest that fucoxanthin might target the Notch and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways, respectively. Findings from this exploratory study henceforth have demonstrated the utility of zebrafish embryo to accelerate the discovery of potential compounds for targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur ‘Afina Rusdi
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ke-Xin Yu
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chambre L, Saw WS, Ekineker G, Kiew LV, Chong WY, Lee HB, Chung LY, Bretonnière Y, Dumoulin F, Sanyal A. Surfactant-Free Direct Access to Porphyrin-Cross-Linked Nanogels for Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4149-4159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gülçin Ekineker
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Yann Bretonnière
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon,
CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon I, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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Kue CS, Ng SY, Voon SH, Kamkaew A, Chung LY, Kiew LV, Lee HB. Recent strategies to improve boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) for photodynamic cancer therapy: an updated review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1691-1708. [PMID: 29845993 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BODIPYs are photosensitizers activatable by light to generate highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) from molecular oxygen, leading to tissue damage in the photoirradiated region. Despite their extraordinary photophysical characteristics, they are not featured in clinical photodynamic therapy. This review discusses the recent advances in the design and/or modifications of BODIPYs since 2013, to improve their potential in photodynamic cancer therapy and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management & Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shie Yin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Hui Voon
- Project Leadership, Clinical Operations, R&D Solutions, IQVIA, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cheah HY, Gallon E, Dumoulin F, Hoe SZ, Japundžić-Žigon N, Glumac S, Lee HB, Anand P, Chung LY, Vicent MJ, Kiew LV. Near-Infrared Activatable Phthalocyanine–Poly-L-Glutamic Acid Conjugate: Enhanced in Vivo Safety and Antitumor Efficacy toward an Effective Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2594-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gallon
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P.O Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Prem Anand
- Gasing Veterinary Hospital, Gasing Indah, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Maria Jesus Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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Voon SH, Kue CS, Imae T, Saw WS, Lee HB, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Yusa SI. Doxorubicin-loaded micelles of amphiphilic diblock copolymer with pendant dendron improve antitumor efficacy: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kiew SF, Ho YT, Kiew LV, Kah JCY, Lee HB, Imae T, Chung LY. Preparation and characterization of an amylase-triggered dextrin-linked graphene oxide anticancer drug nanocarrier and its vascular permeability. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Foo YY, Periasamy V, Kiew LV, Kumar GG, Malek SNA. Curcuma mangga-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization, Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Blood Compatibility. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:nano7060123. [PMID: 28554995 PMCID: PMC5485770 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of toxic chemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents in the preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has increased in vivo toxicity and thus limited its application in clinical settings. Herein, we propose an alternative method of preparing highly stable AuNPs, where non-toxic Curcuma mangga (CM) extract was used as a single reducing and stabilizing agent to overcome the aforementioned constraints. The morphological images enunciated that the homogeneously dispersed AuNPs exhibited spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 15.6 nm. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry analysis demonstrated that carbonyl groups of terpenoids in CM extract played an important role in the formation and stabilization of AuNPs. Green-synthesized AuNPs were found to have good stability in physiological media after 24 h of dispersion. The AuNPs were also cytocompatible with human colon fibroblast cell (CCD-18Co) and human lung fibroblast cell (MRC-5). Hemocompatibility tests revealed that the AuNPs were blood-compatible, with less than 10% of hemolysis without any aggregation of erythrocytes. The current study suggests potential in employing a CM-extract-based method in the preparation of AuNPs for anticancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiing Yee Foo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Vengadesh Periasamy
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - G Gnana Kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Kiew LV, Cheah HY, Voon SH, Gallon E, Movellan J, Ng KH, Alpugan S, Lee HB, Dumoulin F, Vicent MJ, Chung LY. Near-infrared activatable phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate: increased cellular uptake and light–dark toxicity ratio toward an effective photodynamic cancer therapy. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2017; 13:1447-1458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cheah HY, Šarenac O, Arroyo JJ, Vasić M, Lozić M, Glumac S, Hoe SZ, Hindmarch CCT, Murphy D, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Vicent MJ, Chung LY, Japundžić-Žigon N. Hemodynamic effects of HPMA copolymer based doxorubicin conjugate: A randomized controlled and comparative spectral study in conscious rats. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:210-222. [PMID: 28098511 PMCID: PMC5964453 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1285071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of Doxorubicin (DOX) to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methylacrylamide copolymer (HPMA) has significantly reduced the DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. However, the reports on the impact of HPMA–DOX conjugates on the cardiovascular system such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were in restrained animals using tail cuff and/or other methods that lacked the resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we employed radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach to further understand the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamics and variability post administration of free DOX and HPMA–DOX. Rats implanted with radio-telemetry device were administered intravenously with DOX (5 mg/kg), HPMA–DOX (5 mg DOX equivalent/kg) and HPMA copolymer and subjected to continuous cardiovascular monitoring and echocardiography for 140 days. We found that DOX-treated rats had ruffled fur, reduced body weight (BW) and a low survival rate. Although BP and HR were normal, spectral analysis indicated that their BP and HR variabilities were reduced. All rats exhibited typical signs of cardiotoxicity at histopathology. In contrast, HPMA–DOX rats gained weight over time and survived. Although BP, HR and related variabilities were unaffected, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) of these rats, as well as of the HPMA copolymer-treated rats, was found increased at the end of observation period. Additionally, HPMA copolymer caused microscopic injury of the heart tissue. All of these suggest the necessity of caution when employing HPMA as carrier for prolonged drug delivery. The current study also indicates the potential of radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach for improved preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment of polymer–drug conjugate and other nano-sized-drug constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Juan J Arroyo
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marko Vasić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Charles Colin Thomas Hindmarch
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,e Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences , School of Medicine, Queen's, University , Kingston, ON , Canada , UK
| | - David Murphy
- f Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group , The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol , Bristol , England, UK
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - María J Vicent
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
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Cheah HY, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Japundžić-Žigon N, Vicent MJ, Hoe SZ, Chung LY. Preclinical safety assessments of nano-sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1268-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Republic of Serbia
| | - Marίa J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 E-46012 Valencia Spain
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Voon SH, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Burgess K, Lee HB. Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C Targeted Delivery of a Peptidomimetic Ligand-Photosensitizer Conjugate Induces Antitumor Immune Responses Following Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37209. [PMID: 27853305 PMCID: PMC5112560 DOI: 10.1038/srep37209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) targeted ligand-photosensitizer construct, IYIY-diiodo-boron-dipyrromethene (IYIY-I2-BODIPY) and its scrambled counterpart YIYI-I2-BODIPY have been prepared. IYIY-I2-BODIPY binds TrkC similar to neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and NT-3 has been reported to modulate immune responses. Moreover, it could be shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) elevates antitumor immune responses. This prompted us to investigate the immunological impacts mediated by IYIY-I2-BODIPY in pre- and post-PDT conditions. We demonstrated that IYIY-I2-BODIPY (strong response) and YIYI-I2-BODIPY (weak response) at 10 mg/kg, but not I2-BODIPY control, increased the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17, but decreased the levels of systemic immunoregulatory mediators TGF-β, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells. Only IYIY-I2-BODIPY enhanced the IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ T-lymphocytes, and delayed tumor growth (~20% smaller size) in mice when administrated daily for 5 days. All those effects were observed without irradiation; when irradiated (520 nm, 100 J/cm2, 160 mW/cm2) to produce PDT effects (drug-light interval 1 h), IYIY-I2-BODIPY induced stronger responses. Moreover, photoirradiated IYIY-I2-BODIPY treated mice had high levels of effector T-cells compared to controls. Adoptive transfer of immune cells from IYIY-I2-BODIPY-treated survivor mice that were photoirradiated gave significantly delayed tumor growth (~40–50% smaller size) in recipient mice. IYIY-I2-BODIPY alone and in combination with PDT modulates the immune response in such a way that tumor growth is suppressed. Unlike immunosuppressive conventional chemotherapy, IYIY-I2-BODIPY can act as an immune-stimulatory chemotherapeutic agent with potential applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Siew Hui Voon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A &M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Voon SH, Tiew SX, Kue CS, Lee HB, Kiew LV, Misran M, Kamkaew A, Burgess K, Chung LY. Chitosan-Coated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Diiodinated Boron-Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles Improve Tumor Selectivity and Stealth Properties in Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:1431-52. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Viswanathan G, Hsu YH, Voon SH, Imae T, Siriviriyanun A, Lee HB, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Yusa SI. A Comparative Study of Cellular Uptake and Subcellular Localization of Doxorubicin Loaded in Self-Assemblies of Amphiphilic Copolymers with Pendant Dendron by MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:882-95. [PMID: 26900760 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously synthesized amphiphilic diblock copolymers with pendant dendron moieties have been investigated for their potential use as drug carriers to improve the delivery of an anticancer drug to human breast cancer cells. Diblock copolymer (P71 D3 )-based micelles effectively encapsulate the doxorubicin (DOX) with a high drug-loading capacity (≈95%, 104 DOX molecules per micelle), which is approximately double the amount of drug loaded into the diblock copolymer (P296 D1 ) vesicles. DOX released from the resultant P71 D3 /DOX micelles is approximately 1.3-fold more abundant, at a tumoral acidic pH of 5.5 compared with a pH of 7.4. The P71 D3 /DOX micelles also enhance drug potency in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells due to their higher intracellular uptake, by approximately twofold, compared with the vesicular nanocarrier, and free DOX. Micellar nanocarriers are taken up by lysosomes via energy-dependent processes, followed by the release of DOX into the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation into the nucleus, where it exert its cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Siew Hui Voon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ampornphan Siriviriyanun
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
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Phang WM, Tan AA, Gopinath SCB, Hashim OH, Kiew LV, Chen Y. Secretion of N- and O-linked Glycoproteins from 4T1 Murine Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:330-9. [PMID: 27226773 PMCID: PMC4879765 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect women globally and accounts for ~23% of all cancers diagnosed in women. Breast cancer is also one of the leading causes of death primarily due to late stage diagnoses and a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, discovering protein expression biomarkers is mandatory for early detection and thus, critical for successful therapy. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) coupled with lectin-based analysis followed by mass spectrometry were applied to identify potential biomarkers in the secretions of a murine mammary carcinoma cell line. Comparisons of the protein profiles of the murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line and a normal murine MM3MG mammary cell line indicated that cadherin-1 (CDH), collagenase 3 (MMP-13), Viral envelope protein G7e (VEP), Gag protein (GAG) and Hypothetical protein LOC433182 (LOC) were uniquely expressed by the 4T1 cells, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was exclusively secreted by the MM3MG cells. Further analysis by a lectin-based study revealed that aberrant O-glycosylated CDH, N-glycosylated MMP-13 and LOC were present in the 4T1 medium. These differentially expressed N- and O-linked glycoprotein candidates, which were identified by combining lectin-based analysis with 2D-E, could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Mei Phang
- 1. Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Aik-Aun Tan
- 2. Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- 3. Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; 4. School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Onn H Hashim
- 5. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- 6. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- 1. Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; 7. Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Ramasamy S, Chin SP, Sukumaran SD, Buckle MJC, Kiew LV, Chung LY. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Bacoside A Aglycones and Its Derivatives as the Constituents Responsible for the Cognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126565. [PMID: 25965066 PMCID: PMC4428790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to improve memory and cognition. The active constituent responsible for its pharmacological effects is bacoside A, a mixture of dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins containing sugar chains linked to a steroid aglycone skeleton. Triterpenoid saponins have been reported to be transformed in vivo to metabolites that give better biological activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Thus, the activities of the parent compounds (bacosides), aglycones (jujubogenin and pseudojujubogenin) and their derivatives (ebelin lactone and bacogenin A1) were compared using a combination of in silico and in vitro screening methods. The compounds were docked into 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, D1, D2, M1 receptors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using AutoDock and their central nervous system (CNS) drug-like properties were determined using Discovery Studio molecular properties and ADMET descriptors. The compounds were screened in vitro using radioligand receptor binding and AChE inhibition assays. In silico studies showed that the parent bacosides were not able to dock into the chosen CNS targets and had poor molecular properties as a CNS drug. In contrast, the aglycones and their derivatives showed better binding affinity and good CNS drug-like properties, were well absorbed through the intestines and had good blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Among the compounds tested in vitro, ebelin lactone showed binding affinity towards M1 (Ki = 0.45 μM) and 5-HT2A (4.21 μM) receptors. Bacoside A and bacopaside X (9.06 μM) showed binding affinity towards the D1 receptor. None of the compounds showed any inhibitory activity against AChE. Since the stimulation of M1 and 5-HT2A receptors has been implicated in memory and cognition and ebelin lactone was shown to have the strongest binding energy, highest BBB penetration and binding affinity towards M1 and 5-HT2A receptors, we suggest that B. monnieri constituents may be transformed in vivo to the active form before exerting their pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Ramasamy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sri Devi Sukumaran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Research (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Naeem S, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Fui KS, Misran MB. A Comparative Approach for the Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Lecithin Liposomes Using Chloroform and Non-Halogenated Solvents. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Naeem S, Kiew LV, Yong CL, Yin YT, Misran MB. Drug delivery and innovative pharmaceutical development in mimicking the red blood cell membrane. REV CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCirculation half-life has become one of the major design considerations in nanoparticle drug delivery systems. By taking cues for designing long circulating carriers from natural entities such as red blood cells (RBCs) has been explored for many years. Among all the cellular carriers including leukocytes, fibroblasts, islets, and hepatocytes, RBCs offer several distinctive features. The present review underlines a discussion on the applications of different RBC carriers (RBC mimics) which can evade the body’s reticuloendothelial system overcoming many barriers such as size, shape, accelerated blood clearance, mechanical properties, control over particle characteristics, and surface chemistry. Bilayer membrane liposomes infusing phospholipids have long been synthesized to mimic bioconcave RBC carriers using the notion of stealth liposomes. This is not a comprehensive review; some illustrative examples are given on how they are currently obtained. A special attention is devoted to the RBC mimics from polymers, red cell membrane ghosts, and the red cell membrane enclosing polymeric cores as potential drug carriers. The present research reveals the achievement of RBC surface charge to accord with the immune system as a game of hide and seek in a much promising way in the light of its pharmaceutical applications.
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Voon SH, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Lim SH, Noordin MI, Kamkaew A, Burgess K, Chung LY. In vivo studies of nanostructure-based photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy. Small 2014; 10:4993-5013. [PMID: 25164105 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal models, particularly rodents, are major translational models for evaluating novel anticancer therapeutics. In this review, different types of nanostructure-based photosensitizers that have advanced into the in vivo evaluation stage for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are described. This article focuses on the in vivo efficacies of the nanostructures as delivery agents and as energy transducers for photosensitizers in animal models. These materials are useful in overcoming solubility issues, lack of tumor specificity, and access to tumors deep in healthy tissue. At the end of this article, the opportunities made possible by these multiplexed nanostructure-based systems are summarized, as well as the considerable challenges associated with obtaining regulatory approval for such materials. The following questions are also addressed: (1) Is there a pressing demand for more nanoparticle materials? (2) What is the prognosis for regulatory approval of nanoparticles to be used in the clinic?
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hui Voon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
![]()
This
contribution features a small molecule that binds TrkC (tropomyosin
receptor kinase C) receptor that tends to be overexpressed in metastatic
breast cancer cells but not in other breast cancer cells. A sensitizer
for 1O2 production conjugated to this structure
gives 1-PDT for photodynamic therapy. Isomeric 2-PDT does not bind TrkC and was used as a control
throughout; similarly, TrkC– cancer cells were used to calibrate
enhanced killing of TrkC+ cells. Ex vivo, 1- and 2-PDT where only cytotoxic when illuminated,
and 1-PDT, gave higher cell death for TrkC+
breast cancer cells. A 1 h administration-to-illumination delay gave
optimal TrkC+/TrkC–-photocytotoxicity, and distribution studies
showed the same delay was appropriate in vivo. In Balb/c mice, a maximum
tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg was determined for 1-PDT. 1- and 2-PDT (single,
2 or 10 mg/kg doses and one illumination, throughout) had similar
effects on implanted TrkC– tumors, and like those of 2-PDT on TrkC+ tumors. In contrast, 1-PDT caused dramatic TrkC+ tumor volume reduction (96%
from initial) relative to the TrkC– tumors or 2-PDT in TrkC+ models. Moreover, 71% of the mice treated
with 10 mg/kg 1-PDT (n = 7) showed full tumor remission
and survived until 90 days with no metastasis to key organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lim SH, Yam ML, Lam ML, Kamarulzaman FA, Samat N, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Lee HB. Photodynamic Characterization of Amino Acid Conjugated 151-Hydroxypurpurin-7-lactone for Cancer Treatment. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3164-73. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500351s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siang Hui Lim
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mun Li Yam
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - May Lynn Lam
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzly Azhar Kamarulzaman
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazwana Samat
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hong Boon Lee
- Cancer
Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chin Y, Lim SH, Zorlu Y, Ahsen V, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Dumoulin F, Lee HB. Improved photodynamic efficacy of Zn(II) phthalocyanines via glycerol substitution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97894. [PMID: 24840576 PMCID: PMC4026539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are excellent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy as they have strong absorbance in the near infra-red region which is most relevant for in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most phthalocyanines present two major challenges, ie, a strong tendency to aggregate and low water-solubility, limiting their effective usage clinically. In the present study, we evaluated the potential enhancement capability of glycerol substitution on the photodynamic properties of zinc (II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc). Three glycerol substituted ZnPc, 1–3, (tetra peripherally, tetra non-peripherally and mono iodinated tri non-peripherally respectively) were evaluated in terms of their spectroscopic properties, rate of singlet oxygen generation, partition coefficient (log P), intracellular uptake, photo-induced cytotoxicity and vascular occlusion efficiency. Tetrasulfonated ZnPc (ZnPcS4) was included as a reference compound. Here, we showed that 1–3 exhibited 10–100 nm red-shifted absorption peaks with higher molar absorptivity, and at least two-fold greater singlet oxygen generation rates compared to ZnPcS4. Meanwhile, phthalocyanines 1 and 2 showed more hydrophilic log P values than 3 consistent with the number of glycerol attachments but 3 was most readily taken up by cells compared to the rest. Both phthalocyanines 2 and 3 exhibited potent phototoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HSC-2 cancer cell-lines with IC50 ranging 2.8–3.2 µM and 0.04–0.06 µM respectively, while 1 and ZnPcS4 (up to 100 µM) failed to yield determinable IC50 values. In terms of vascular occlusion efficiency, phthalocyanine 3 showed better effects than 2 by causing total occlusion of vessels with diameter <70 µm of the chorioallantoic membrane. Meanwhile, no detectable vascular occlusion was observed for ZnPcS4 with treatment under similar experimental conditions. These findings provide evidence that glycerol substitution, in particular in structures 2 and 3, is able to improve the photodynamic properties of ZnPc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunni Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang Hui Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SHL); (FD)
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- * E-mail: (SHL); (FD)
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is pivotal to cancer, so mitochondria are potential targets for anticancer therapy. A prior study has demonstrated the anti-proliferative activity of a new class of mitochondria-targeting rosamines. This present study describes in vitro cytotoxicity of second-generation rosamine analogs, their mode of action, and their in vivo efficacies in a tumor allografted mouse model. Here, we showed that these compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity (average IC50<0.5 µM), inhibited Complex II and ATP synthase activities of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway and induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. A NCI-60 cell lines screen further indicated that rosamine analogs 4 and 5 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects with Log10GI50 = −7 (GI50 = 0.1 µM) and were more effective against a colorectal cancer sub-panel than other cell lines. Preliminary in vivo studies on 4T1 murine breast cancer-bearing female BALB/c mice indicated that treatment with analog 5 in a single dosing of 5 mg/kg or a schedule dosing of 3 mg/kg once every 2 days for 6 times (q2d×6) exhibited only minimal induction of tumor growth delay. Our results suggest that rosamine analogs may be further developed as mitochondrial targeting agents. Without a doubt proper strategies need to be devised to enhance tumor uptake of rosamines, i.e. by integration to carrier molecules for better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Hui Lim
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liangxing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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36
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Ramasamy S, Kiew LV, Chung LY. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by Bacopa monnieri standardized extract and constituents. Molecules 2014; 19:2588-601. [PMID: 24566323 PMCID: PMC6271976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri and the constituents of this plant, especially bacosides, possess various neuropharmacological properties. Like drugs, some herbal extracts and the constituents of their extracts alter cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, causing potential herb-drug interactions. The effects of Bacopa monnieri standardized extract and the bacosides from the extract on five major CYP isoforms in vitro were analyzed using a luminescent CYP recombinant human enzyme assay. B. monnieri extract exhibited non-competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 (IC50/Ki = 23.67/9.5 µg/mL), CYP2C9 (36.49/12.5 µg/mL), CYP1A2 (52.20/25.1 µg/mL); competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 (83.95/14.5 µg/mL) and weak inhibition of CYP2D6 (IC50 = 2061.50 µg/mL). However, the bacosides showed negligible inhibition of the same isoforms. B. monnieri, which is orally administered, has a higher concentration in the gut than the liver; therefore, this herb could exhibit stronger inhibition of intestinal CYPs than hepatic CYPs. At an estimated gut concentration of 600 µg/mL (based on a daily dosage of 300 mg/day), B. monnieri reduced the catalytic activities of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to less than 10% compared to the total activity (without inhibitor = 100%). These findings suggest that B. monnieri extract could contribute to herb-drug interactions when orally co-administered with drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Ramasamy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Abstract
BODIPY dyes tend to be highly fluorescent, but their emissions can be attenuated by adding substituents with appropriate oxidation potentials. Substituents like these have electrons to feed into photoexcited BODIPYs, quenching their fluorescence, thereby generating relatively long-lived triplet states. Singlet oxygen is formed when these triplet states interact with (3)O(2). In tissues, this causes cell damage in regions that are illuminated, and this is the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT agents that are currently approved for clinical use do not feature BODIPYs, but there are many reasons to believe that this situation will change. This review summarizes the attributes of BODIPY dyes for PDT, and in some related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Box 30012, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77841-3012, USA
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Kiew LV, Cheong SK, Ramli E, Sidik K, Lim TM, Chung LY. Efficacy of a Poly-L-Glutamic Acid-Gemcitabine Conjugate in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR); Bandar Sungai Long; 43000; Selangor; Malaysia
| | - Ernidila Ramli
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Khalifah Sidik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford; IL; 61107; USA
| | - Tuck Meng Lim
- Department of Chemical Science; Faculty of Science; University of Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR); Jalan Universiti; Bandar Barat; 31900; Kampar; Perak; Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
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Tan AA, Azman SN, Abdul Rani NR, Kua BC, Sasidharan S, Kiew LV, Othman N, Noordin R, Chen Y. Optimal protein extraction methods from diverse sample types for protein profiling by using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2DE). Trop Biomed 2011; 28:620-629. [PMID: 22433892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a great diversity of protein samples types and origins, therefore the optimal procedure for each sample type must be determined empirically. In order to obtain a reproducible and complete sample presentation which view as many proteins as possible on the desired 2DE gel, it is critical to perform additional sample preparation steps to improve the quality of the final results, yet without selectively losing the proteins. To address this, we developed a general method that is suitable for diverse sample types based on phenolchloroform extraction method (represented by TRI reagent). This method was found to yield good results when used to analyze human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), Vibrio cholerae, Cryptocaryon irritans cyst and liver abscess fat tissue. These types represent cell line, bacteria, parasite cyst and pus respectively. For each type of samples, several attempts were made to methodically compare protein isolation methods using TRI-reagent Kit, EasyBlue Kit, PRO-PREP™ Protein Extraction Solution and lysis buffer. The most useful protocol allows the extraction and separation of a wide diversity of protein samples that is reproducible among repeated experiments. Our results demonstrated that the modified TRI-reagent Kit had the highest protein yield as well as the greatest number of total proteins spots count for all type of samples. Distinctive differences in spot patterns were also observed in the 2DE gel of different extraction methods used for each type of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Kiew LV, Munavvar AS, Law CH, Azizan AN, Nazarina AR, Sidik K, Johns EJ. Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for ICAM-1 on renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the anaesthetised rat. J Physiol 2004; 557:981-9. [PMID: 15047774 PMCID: PMC1665139 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (As-ODN) to the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA sequence expressing the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was employed to determine ICAM-1's role in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Wistar-Kyoto rats receiving i.v. either lipofectin-As-ODN (As-ODN group), lipofectin-reverse ODN (Rv-ODN group) or lipofectin (ischaemia control group) 8 h prior to study were anaesthetized and subjected to 30 min of renal artery occlusion. Renal haemodynamic and excretory parameters were monitored before and after renal ischaemia. On termination of the study renal tissue was subjected to histological and Western blot analysis. Renal blood flow decreased in the 3 h post-ischaemia period in the ischaemia control and Rv-ODN groups, but was maintained in the As-ODN group. Glomerular filtration rate was depressed initially but gradually increased to 10% above basal levels in the ischaemia control and Rv-ODN groups, but was below basal levels (20%) in the As-ODN group. There was a three- to fourfold increase in sodium and water excretion following ischaemia in the ischaemia control and reverse-ODN groups but not in the As-ODN treated group. The As-ODN ameliorated the histological evidence of ischaemic damage and reduced ICAM-1 protein levels to a greater extent in the medulla than cortex. These observations suggested that in the post-ischaemic period afferent and efferent arteriolar tone was increased with a loss of reabsorptive capacity which was in part due to ICAM-1. The possibility arises that the action of ICAM-1 at vascular and tubular sites in the deeper regions of the kidney contributes to the ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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