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Kuzuhara T, Monden K, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Development of pENTR-NeCo-lacZα vectors for the preparation of negative control constructs in Gateway cloning. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:784-788. [PMID: 38833262 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Gateway cloning is a useful technology for the simple and reliable preparation of various construct in many organisms. However, there is a problem regarding the negative control construct in the Gateway cloning system. In this study, we developed the pENTR-NeCo-lacZα vector system to create an empty vector that can be used as a negative control construct in Gateway cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuzuhara
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kota Monden
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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2
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Liang X, Zhu SH, Feng QN, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis Sar1b is critical for pollen tube growth. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:64. [PMID: 38809410 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is an essential step leading to reproductive success in flowering plants, in which vesicular trafficking plays a key role. Vesicular trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is mediated by the coat protein complex II (COPII). A key component of COPII is small GTPase Sar1. Five Sar1 isoforms are encoded in the Arabidopsis genome and they show distinct while redundant roles in various cellular and developmental processes, especially in reproduction. Arabidopsis Sar1b is essential for sporophytic control of pollen development while Sar1b and Sar1c are critical for gametophytic control of pollen development. Because functional loss of Sar1b and Sar1c resulted in pollen abortion, whether they influence pollen tube growth was unclear. Here we demonstrate that Sar1b mediates pollen tube growth, in addition to its role in pollen development. Although functional loss of Sar1b does not affect pollen germination, it causes a significant reduction in male transmission and of pollen tube penetration of style. We further show that membrane dynamics at the apex of pollen tubes are compromised by Sar1b loss-of-function. Results presented provide further support of functional complexity of the Sar1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Yang Y, Tian H, Xu C, Li H, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Yuan W. Arabidopsis SEC13B Interacts with Suppressor of Frigida 4 to Repress Flowering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17248. [PMID: 38139079 PMCID: PMC10744139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SECRETORY13 (SEC13) is an essential member of the coat protein complex II (COPII), which was reported to mediate vesicular-specific transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and plays a crucial role in early secretory pathways. In Arabidopsis, there are two homologous proteins of SEC13: SEC13A and SEC13B. SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA 4 (SUF4) encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that inhibits flowering by transcriptionally activating the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) through the FRIGIDA (FRI) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether SEC13 proteins are involved in Arabidopsis flowering. In this study, we first identified that the sec13b mutant exhibited early flowering under both long-day and short-day conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that both SEC13A and SEC13B were expressed in all the checked tissues, and transient expression assays indicated that SEC13A and SEC13B were localized not only in the ER but also in the nucleus. Then, we identified that SEC13A and SEC13B could interact with SUF4 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, both sec13b and suf4 single mutants flowered earlier than the wild type (Col-0), whereas the sec13b suf4 double mutant flowered even earlier than all the others. In addition, the expression of flowering inhibitor FLC was down-regulated, and the expressions of flowering activator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), CONSTANS (CO), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1) were up-regulated in sec13b, suf4, and sec13b suf4 mutants, compared with Col-0. Taken together, our results indicated that SEC13B interacted with SUF4, and they may co-regulate the same genes in flowering-regulation pathways. These results also suggested that the COPII component could function in flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (C.X.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (C.X.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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4
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Sánchez-Simarro J, Aniento F, Marcote MJ. The presence of β'1-COP and β'2-COP is required for female and male gametophyte development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:343-347. [PMID: 37266760 PMCID: PMC10570158 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coat protein I (COPI) and Coat protein II (COPII) coated vesicles mediate protein transport in the early secretory pathway. Although several components of COPII vesicles have been shown to have an essential role in Arabidopsis gametogenesis, the function of COPI components in gametogenesis has not been studied in detail. COPI consists of a heptameric complex made of α, β, β', γ, δ, ɛ, and ζ-COP subunits and most subunits have several isoforms in Arabidopsis. We have found that two isoforms of the β'-COP subunit, β'1-COP and β'2-COP, are required for female and male gametophyte development. Reciprocal crosses between wild type plants and plants heterozygous for T-DNA insertions in β'1-COP and β'2-COP showed that β'1β'2-cop gametophytes are not transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sánchez-Simarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Jesús Marcote
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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5
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Liang X, Li SW, Wang JL, Zhao HM, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis Sar1 isoforms play redundant roles in female gametophytic development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:349-354. [PMID: 37535249 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Functional loss of Arabidopsis Sar1b with that of either Sar1a or Sar1c inhibits mitosis of functional megaspores, leading to defective embryo sac formation and reduced fertility. Vesicular trafficking among diverse endomembrane compartments is critical for eukaryotic cells. Anterograde trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Among five cytosolic components of COPII, secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (Sar1) mediates the assembly and disassembly of the COPII coat. Five genes in Arabidopsis encode Sar1 isoforms, whose different cargo specificities and redundancy were both reported. We show here that Arabidopsis Sar1a, Sar1b, and Sar1c mediate the development of female gametophytes (FGs), in which Sar1b plays a major role, whereas Sar1a and Sar1c play a minor role. We determined that female transmission of sar1a;sar1b or sar1c;sar1b was significantly reduced due to defective mitosis of functional megaspores. Half of ovules in sar1a;sar1b/+ or sar1c;sar1b/+ plants failed to attract pollen tubes, leading to fertilization failure. The homozygous sar1a;sar1b or sar1c;sar1b double mutant was obtained by introducing either UBQ10:GFP-Sar1b or UBQ10:GFP-Sar1c, supporting their redundant function in FG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jin-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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6
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Zeng Y, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li B, Cui Y, Gao C, Shen J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhuang X, Erdmann PS, Wong KB, Jiang L. Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:41-60. [PMID: 37507353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of various membrane-bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant-specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state-of-the-art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, Milan, I-20157, Italy
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Robinson R, Sprott D, Couroux P, Routly E, Labbé N, Xing T, Robert LS. The triticale mature pollen and stigma proteomes - assembling the proteins for a productive encounter. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104867. [PMID: 36870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae crops are major contributors to global food production and ensuring their capacity to reproduce and generate seeds is critical. However, despite their importance our knowledge of the proteins underlying Triticeae reproduction is severely lacking and this is not only true of pollen and stigma development, but also of their pivotal interaction. When the pollen grain and stigma are brought together they have each accumulated the proteins required for their intended meeting and accordingly studying their mature proteomes is bound to reveal proteins involved in their diverse and complex interactions. Using triticale as a Triticeae representative, gel-free shotgun proteomics was used to identify 11,533 and 2977 mature stigma and pollen proteins respectively. These datasets, by far the largest to date, provide unprecedented insights into the proteins participating in Triticeae pollen and stigma development and interactions. The study of the Triticeae stigma has been particularly neglected. To begin filling this knowledge gap, a developmental iTRAQ analysis was performed revealing 647 proteins displaying differential abundance as the stigma matures in preparation for pollination. An in-depth comparison to an equivalent Brassicaceae analysis divulged both conservation and diversification in the makeup and function of proteins involved in the pollen and stigma encounter. SIGNIFICANCE: Successful pollination brings together the mature pollen and stigma thus initiating an intricate series of molecular processes vital to crop reproduction. In the Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, triticale) there persists a vast deficit in our knowledge of the proteins involved which needs to be addressed if we are to face the many upcoming challenges to crop production such as those associated with climate change. At maturity, both the pollen and stigma have acquired the protein complement necessary for their forthcoming encounter and investigating their proteomes will inevitably provide unprecedented insights into the proteins enabling their interactions. By combining the analysis of the most comprehensive Triticeae pollen and stigma global proteome datasets to date with developmental iTRAQ investigations, proteins implicated in the different phases of pollen-stigma interaction enabling pollen adhesion, recognition, hydration, germination and tube growth, as well as those underlying stigma development were revealed. Extensive comparisons between equivalent Triticeae and Brassiceae datasets highlighted both the conservation of biological processes in line with the shared goal of activating the pollen grain and promoting pollen tube invasion of the pistil to effect fertilization, as well as the significant distinctions in their proteomes consistent with the considerable differences in their biochemistry, physiology and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Labbé
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Hossain MF, Dutta AK, Suzuki T, Higashiyama T, Miyamoto C, Ishiguro S, Maruta T, Muto Y, Nishimura K, Ishida H, Aboulela M, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Targeted expression of bgl23-D, a dominant-negative allele of ATCSLD5, affects cytokinesis of guard mother cells and exine formation of pollen in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2023; 257:64. [PMID: 36811672 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted expression of bgl23-D, a dominant-negative allele of ATCSLD5, is a useful genetic approach for functional analysis of ATCSLDs in specific cells and tissues in plants. Stomata are key cellular structures for gas and water exchange in plants and their development is influenced by several genes. We found the A. thaliana bagel23-D (bgl23-D) mutant showing abnormal bagel-shaped single guard cells. The bgl23-D was a novel dominant mutation in the A. thaliana cellulose synthase-like D5 (ATCSLD5) gene that was reported to function in the division of guard mother cells. The dominant character of bgl23-D was used to inhibit ATCSLD5 function in specific cells and tissues. Transgenic A. thaliana expressing bgl23-D cDNA with the promoter of stomata lineage genes, SDD1, MUTE, and FAMA, showed bagel-shaped stomata as observed in the bgl23-D mutant. Especially, the FAMA promoter exhibited a higher frequency of bagel-shaped stomata with severe cytokinesis defects. Expression of bgl23-D cDNA in the tapetum with SP11 promoter or in the anther with ATSP146 promoter induced defects in exine pattern and pollen shape, novel phenotypes that were not shown in the bgl23-D mutant. These results indicated that bgl23-D inhibited unknown ATCSLD(s) that exert the function of exine formation in the tapetum. Furthermore, transgenic A. thaliana expressing bgl23-D cDNA with SDD1, MUTE, and FAMA promoters showed enhanced rosette diameter and increased leaf growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that the bgl23-D mutation could be a helpful genetic tool for functional analysis of ATCSLDs and manipulating plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Firose Hossain
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
| | - Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Muto
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan.
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
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9
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Lv QY, Han ML, Gao YQ, Zhang CY, Wang YL, Chao ZF, Zhong LY, Chao DY. Sec24C mediates a Golgi-independent trafficking pathway that is required for tonoplast localisation of ABCC1 and ABCC2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1486-1500. [PMID: 35510797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein sorting is an essential biological process in all organisms. Trafficking membrane proteins generally relies on the sorting machinery of the Golgi apparatus. However, many proteins have been found to be delivered to target locations via Golgi-independent pathways, but the mechanisms underlying this delivery system remain unknown. Here, we report that Sec24C mediates the direct secretory trafficking of the phytochelatin transporters ABCC1 and ABCC2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analysis showed that the sec24c mutants are hypersensitive to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) treatments due to mislocalisation of ABCC1 and ABCC2, which results in defects in the vacuole compartmentalisation of the toxic metals. Furthermore, we found that Sec24C recognises ABCC1 and ABCC2 through direct interactions to mediate their exit from the ER to PVCs, which is independent of brefeldin A-sensitive post-Golgi trafficking pathway. These findings expand our understanding of Golgi-independent trafficking, which also provide key insights regarding the mechanism of tonoplast protein sorting and open a new perspective on the function of Sec24 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Qun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chu-Ying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Li B, Zeng Y, Jiang L. COPII vesicles in plant autophagy and endomembrane trafficking. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2314-2323. [PMID: 35486434 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the endomembrane system allows for spatiotemporal compartmentation of complicated cellular processes. The plant endomembrane system consists of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus (GA), the trans-Golgi network (TGN), the multivesicular body (MVB), and the vacuole. Anterograde traffic from the ER to GA is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that turns over cellular materials upon nutrient deprivation or in adverse environments, exploits double-membrane autophagosomes to recycle unwanted constituents in the lysosome/vacuole. Accumulating evidence reveals novel functions of plant COPII vesicles in autophagy and their regulation by abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize current knowledge about plant COPII vesicles in the endomembrane trafficking and then highlight recent findings showing their distinct roles in modulating the autophagic flux and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Dimou S, Dionysopoulou M, Sagia GM, Diallinas G. Golgi-Bypass Is a Major Unconventional Route for Translocation to the Plasma Membrane of Non-Apical Membrane Cargoes in Aspergillus nidulans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852028. [PMID: 35465316 PMCID: PMC9021693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient transporters have been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane (PM) of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans via an unconventional trafficking route that bypasses the Golgi. This finding strongly suggests the existence of distinct COPII vesicle subpopulations, one following Golgi-dependent conventional secretion and the other directed towards the PM. Here, we address whether Golgi-bypass concerns cargoes other than nutrient transporters and whether Golgi-bypass is related to cargo structure, size, abundance, physiological function, or polar vs. non-polar distribution in the PM. To address these questions, we followed the dynamic subcellular localization of two selected membrane cargoes differing in several of the aforementioned aspects. These are the proton-pump ATPase PmaA and the PalI pH signaling component. Our results show that neosynthesized PmaA and PalI are translocated to the PM via Golgi-bypass, similar to nutrient transporters. In addition, we showed that the COPII-dependent exit of PmaA from the ER requires the alternative COPII coat subunit LstA, rather than Sec24, whereas PalI requires the ER cargo adaptor Erv14. These findings strengthen the evidence of distinct cargo-specific COPII subpopulations and extend the concept of Golgi-independent biogenesis to essential transmembrane proteins, other than nutrient transporters. Overall, our findings point to the idea that Golgi-bypass might not constitute a fungal-specific peculiarity, but rather a novel major and cargo-specific sorting route in eukaryotic cells that has been largely ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dimou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariangela Dionysopoulou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Maria Sagia
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: George Diallinas,
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12
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Hao G, Zhao X, Zhang M, Ying J, Yu F, Li S, Zhang Y. Vesicle trafficking in
Arabidopsis
pollen tubes. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2231-2242. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Jiu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Xin‐Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | | | - Jun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
- College of Life Sciences Nankai University China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses Nankai University China
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13
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Chang M, Wu SZ, Ryken SE, O’Sullivan JE, Bezanilla M. COPII Sec23 proteins form isoform-specific endoplasmic reticulum exit sites with differential effects on polarized growth. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:333-350. [PMID: 34534343 PMCID: PMC8846183 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coat Protein complex II (COPII), a coat protein complex that forms vesicles on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mediates trafficking to the Golgi. While metazoans have few genes encoding each COPII component, plants have expanded these gene families, leading to the hypothesis that plant COPII has functionally diversified. In the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens, the Sec23/24 gene families are each composed of seven genes. Silencing Sec23/24 revealed isoform-specific contributions to polarized growth, with the closely related Sec23D/E and Sec24C/D essential for protonemal development. Focusing on Sec23, we discovered that Sec23D/E mediate ER-to Golgi transport and are essential for tip growth, with Sec23D localizing to presumptive ER exit sites. In contrast, Sec23A, B, C, F, and G are dispensable and do not quantitatively affect ER-to-Golgi trafficking. However, Δsec23abcfg plants exhibited reduced secretion of plasma membrane cargo. Of the four highly expressed protonemal Sec23 genes, Sec23F/G are members of a divergent Sec23 clade specifically retained in land plants. Notably, Sec23G accumulates on ER-associated foci that are significantly larger, do not overlap with, and are independent of Sec23D. While Sec23D/E form ER exit sites and function as bona fide COPII components essential for tip-growing protonemata, Sec23G and the closely related Sec23F have likely functionally diversified, forming separate and independent ER exit sites and participating in Golgi-independent trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - Shu-Zon Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Samantha E Ryken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Jacquelyn E O’Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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14
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Li B, Zeng Y, Cao W, Zhang W, Cheng L, Yin H, Wu Q, Wang X, Huang Y, Lau WCY, Yao ZP, Guo Y, Jiang L. A distinct giant coat protein complex II vesicle population in Arabidopsis thaliana. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1335-1346. [PMID: 34621047 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants live as sessile organisms with large-scale gene duplication events and subsequent paralogue divergence during evolution. Notably, plant paralogues are expressed tissue-specifically and fine-tuned by phytohormones during various developmental processes. The coat protein complex II (COPII) is a highly conserved vesiculation machinery mediating protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotes1. Intriguingly, Arabidopsis COPII paralogues greatly outnumber those in yeast and mammals2-6. However, the functional diversity and underlying mechanism of distinct COPII paralogues in regulating protein endoplasmic reticulum export and coping with various adverse environmental stresses are poorly understood. Here we characterize a novel population of COPII vesicles produced in response to abscisic acid, a key phytohormone regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. These hormone-induced giant COPII vesicles are regulated by an Arabidopsis-specific COPII paralogue and carry stress-related channels/transporters for alleviating stresses. This study thus provides a new mechanism underlying abscisic acid-induced stress responses via the giant COPII vesicles and answers a long-standing question on the evolutionary significance of gene duplications in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haidi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Rui Q, Tan X, Liu F, Li Y, Liu X, Li B, Wang J, Yang H, Qiao L, Li T, Fang S, Gao R, Wang W, Bednarek SY, Bao Y. Syntaxin of plants31 (SYP31) and SYP32 is essential for Golgi morphology maintenance and pollen development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:330-343. [PMID: 33576796 PMCID: PMC8154079 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a key process for the sexual reproduction of angiosperms. The Golgi plays a critical role in pollen development via the synthesis and transport of cell wall materials. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Golgi integrity in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, syntaxin of plants (SYP) 3 family proteins SYP31 and SYP32 are the only two Golgi-localized Qa-soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) with unknown endogenous functions. Here, we demonstrate the roles of SYP31 and SYP32 in modulating Golgi morphology and pollen development. Two independent lines of syp31/+ syp32/+ double mutants were male gametophytic lethal; the zero transmission rate of syp31 syp32 mutations was restored to largely normal levels by pSYP32:SYP32 but not pSYP32:SYP31 transgenes, indicating their functional differences in pollen development. The initial arrest of syp31 syp32 pollen occurred during the transition from the microspore to the bicellular stage, where cell plate formation in pollen mitosis I (PMI) and deposition of intine were abnormal. In syp31 syp32 pollen, the number and length of Golgi cisterna were significantly reduced, accompanied by many surrounding vesicles, which could be largely attributed to defects in anterograde and retrograde trafficking routes. SYP31 and SYP32 directly interacted with COG3, a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and were responsible for its Golgi localization, providing an underlying mechanism for SYP31/32 function in intra-Golgi trafficking. We propose that SYP31 and SYP32 play partially redundant roles in pollen development by modulating protein trafficking and Golgi structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yiqun Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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16
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Liu F, Li JP, Li LS, Liu Q, Li SW, Song ML, Li S, Zhang Y. The canonical α-SNAP is essential for gametophytic development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009505. [PMID: 33886546 PMCID: PMC8096068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a pre-requisite for successful reproduction of angiosperms. Factors mediating vesicular trafficking are among the key regulators controlling gametophytic development. Fusion between vesicles and target membranes requires the assembly of a fusogenic soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) complex, whose disassembly in turn ensures the recycle of individual SNARE components. The disassembly of post-fusion SNARE complexes is controlled by the AAA+ ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (Sec18/NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein (Sec17/α-SNAP) in yeast and metazoans. Although non-canonical α-SNAPs have been functionally characterized in soybeans, the biological function of canonical α-SNAPs has yet to be demonstrated in plants. We report here that the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis is essential for male and female gametophytic development. Functional loss of the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis results in gametophytic lethality by arresting the first mitosis during gametogenesis. We further show that Arabidopsis α-SNAP encodes two isoforms due to alternative splicing. Both isoforms interact with the Arabidopsis homolog of NSF whereas have distinct subcellular localizations. The presence of similar alternative splicing of human α-SNAP indicates that functional distinction of two α-SNAP isoforms is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Peng Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming-Lei Song
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
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17
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A unique AtSar1D-AtRabD2a nexus modulates autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021293118. [PMID: 33879613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021293118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, secretory proteins traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus via coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Intriguingly, during nutrient starvation, the COPII machinery acts constructively as a membrane source for autophagosomes during autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis by recycling intermediate metabolites. In higher plants, essential roles of autophagy have been implicated in plant development and stress responses. Nonetheless, the membrane sources of autophagosomes, especially the participation of the COPII machinery in the autophagic pathway and autophagosome biogenesis, remains elusive in plants. Here, we provided evidence in support of a novel role of a specific Sar1 homolog AtSar1d in plant autophagy in concert with a unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a. First, proteomic analysis of the plant ATG (autophagy-related gene) interactome uncovered the mechanistic connections between ATG machinery and specific COPII components including AtSar1d and Sec23s, while a dominant negative mutant of AtSar1d exhibited distinct inhibition on YFP-ATG8 vacuolar degradation upon autophagic induction. Second, a transfer DNA insertion mutant of AtSar1d displayed starvation-related phenotypes. Third, AtSar1d regulated autophagosome progression through specific recognition of ATG8e by a noncanonical motif. Fourth, we demonstrated that a plant-unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a coordinates with AtSar1d to function as the molecular switch in mediating the COPII functions in the autophagy pathway. AtRabD2a appears to be essential for bridging the specific AtSar1d-positive COPII vesicles to the autophagy initiation complex and therefore contributes to autophagosome formation in plants. Taken together, we identified a plant-specific nexus of AtSar1d-AtRabD2a in regulating autophagosome biogenesis.
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18
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Singh MB, Lohani N, Bhalla PL. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Pollen Development and Heat Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661062. [PMID: 33936150 PMCID: PMC8079734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is defined by a protracted disruption in protein folding and accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. This accumulation of unfolded proteins can result from excessive demands on the protein folding machinery triggered by environmental and cellular stresses such as nutrient deficiencies, oxidative stress, pathogens, and heat. The cell responds to ER stress by activating a protective pathway termed unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises cellular mechanisms targeted to maintain cellular homeostasis by increasing the ER's protein folding capacity. The UPR is especially significant for plants as being sessile requires them to adapt to multiple environmental stresses. While multiple stresses trigger the UPR at the vegetative stage, it appears to be active constitutively in the anthers of unstressed plants. Transcriptome analysis reveals significant upregulation of ER stress-related transcripts in diploid meiocytes and haploid microspores. Interestingly, several ER stress-related genes are specifically upregulated in the sperm cells. The analysis of gene knockout mutants in Arabidopsis has revealed that defects in ER stress response lead to the failure of normal pollen development and enhanced susceptibility of male gametophyte to heat stress conditions. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the role of ER stress and UPR in pollen development and its protective roles in maintaining male fertility under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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19
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Liu X, Tong M, Zhang A, Liu M, Zhao B, Liu Z, Li Z, Zhu X, Guo Y, Li R. COPII genes SEC31A/B are essential for gametogenesis and interchangeable in pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1600-1614. [PMID: 33340171 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles mediate anterograde traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Compared to yeasts, plants have multiple COPII coat proteins; however, the functional diversity among them is less well understood. SEC31A and SEC31B are outer coat proteins found in COPII vesicles in Arabidopsis. In this study, we explored the function of SEC31A and compared it with that of SEC31B from various perspectives. SEC31A was widely expressed, but at a significantly lower level than SEC31B. SEC31A-mCherry and SEC31B-GFP exhibited a high co-localization rate in pollen, but a lower rate in growing pollen tubes. The sec31a single mutant exhibited normal growth. SEC31A expression driven by the SEC31B promoter rescued the pollen abortion and infertility observed in sec31b. A sec31asec31b double mutant was unavailable due to lethality of the sec31asec31b gametophyte. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that one quarter of male gametogenesis was arrested at the uninuclear microspore stage, while confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that 1/4 female gametophyte development was suspended at the functional megaspore stage in sec31a-1/+sec31b-3/+ plants. Our study highlights the essential role of SEC31A/B in gametogenesis and their interchangeable functions in pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Aiwei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Bingchun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojiao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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NERD1 is required for primexine formation and plasma membrane undulation during microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:205-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Yan F, Deng W, Pang X, Gao Y, Chan H, Zhang Q, Hu N, Chen J, Li Z. Overexpression of the KNOX gene Tkn4 affects pollen development and confers sensitivity to gibberellin and auxin in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:61-71. [PMID: 30824062 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The knotted1-like homeobox genes not only regulate the formation and differentiation of meristems and vascular system but are also involved in biosynthesis and signal transduction of diverse plant hormones in tomato. Here, we showed that a knotted1-like homeobox gene Tkn4 is required for pollen and pollen tube growth when this gene is overexpressed in tomato. Pollen grains in the Tkn4 overexpressed plants (Tkn4-OX) germinated quicker than those in the wild-type (WT) plant cultured in vitro in germination media. The percentage of fruit set was higher in Tkn4-OX than in WT plants and the transgenic plants showed an ordered inflorescence. Tkn4-OX seedlings also exhibited sensitivity to gibberellins (GA) and auxins. RNA sequencing results showed that the expression of genes related to sugar, cell wall-modification, microtubule-associated vesicular transport for pollen growth, GA and auxin synthesis were significantly changed. Hence, Tkn4 contributes to a function in the development of pollen and pollen tube and the regulation of phytohormones to participate in plant growth. These results provided a potential application value for agricultural improvement to enhance the rate of fruit set in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pang
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yushuo Gao
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Helen Chan
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China.
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22
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Aboulela M, Nakagawa T, Oshima A, Nishimura K, Tanaka Y. The Arabidopsis COPII components, AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, are essential for pollen wall development and exine patterning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1615-1633. [PMID: 29390074 PMCID: PMC5889017 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialized multilayered pollen wall plays multiple roles to ensure normal microspore development. The major components of the pollen wall (e.g. sporopollenin and lipidic precursors) are provided from the tapetum. Material export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven homologs of SEC23, a COPII component. However, the functional importance of this diversity remains elusive. Here, we analyzed knockout and knockdown lines for AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, two of the A. thaliana SEC23 homologs, respectively. Single atsec23a and atsec23d mutant plants, despite normal fertility, showed an impaired exine pattern. Double atsec23ad mutant plants were semi-sterile and exhibited developmental defects in pollen and tapetal cells. Pollen grains of atsec23ad had defective exine and intine, and showed signs of cell degeneration. Moreover, the development of tapetal cells was altered, with structural abnormalities in organelles. AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D exhibited the characteristic localization pattern of COPII proteins and were highly expressed in the tapetum. Our work suggests that AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D may organize pollen wall development and exine patterning by regulating ER export of lipids and proteins necessary for pollen wall formation. Also, our results shed light on the functional heterogeneity of SEC23 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akinobu Oshima
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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23
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Barlow LD, Dacks JB. Seeing the endomembrane system for the trees: Evolutionary analysis highlights the importance of plants as models for eukaryotic membrane-trafficking. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:142-152. [PMID: 28939036 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells show many signs of a unique evolutionary history. This is seen in the system of intracellular organelles and vesicle transport pathways plants use to traffic molecular cargo. Bioinformatic and cell biological work in this area is beginning to tackle the question of how plant cells have evolved, and what this tells us about the evolution of other eukaryotes. Key protein families with membrane trafficking function, including Rabs, SNAREs, vesicle coat proteins, and ArfGAPs, show patterns of evolution that indicate both specialization and conservation in plants. These changes are accompanied by changes at the level of organelles and trafficking pathways between them. Major specializations include losses of several ancient Rabs, novel functions of many proteins, and apparent modification of trafficking in endocytosis and cytokinesis. Nevertheless, plants show extensive conservation of ancestral membrane trafficking genes, and conservation of their ancestral function in most duplicates. Moreover, plants have retained several ancient membrane trafficking genes lost in the evolution of animals and fungi. Considering this, plants such as Arabidopsis are highly valuable for investigating not only plant-specific aspects of membrane trafficking, but also general eukaryotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Barlow
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,5-31 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - J B Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,5-31 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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24
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Brandizzi F. Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in plants: Where are we now? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:94-105. [PMID: 28688928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of about one third of the cellular proteome is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which exports proteins to the Golgi apparatus for sorting to their final destination. Notwithstanding the close proximity of the ER with other secretory membranes (e.g., endosomes, plasma membrane), the ER is also important for the homeostasis of non-secretory organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and chloroplasts. While how the plant ER interacts with most of the non-secretory membranes is largely unknown, the knowledge on the mechanisms for ER-to-Golgi transport is relatively more advanced. Indeed, over the last fifteen years or so, a large number of exciting results have contributed to draw parallels with non-plant species but also to highlight the complexity of the plant ER-Golgi interface, which bears unique features. This review reports and discusses results on plant ER-to-Golgi traffic, focusing mainly on research on COPII-mediated transport in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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25
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Aboulela M, Tanaka Y, Nishimura K, Mano S, Kimura T, Nakagawa T. A dual-site gateway cloning system for simultaneous cloning of two genes for plant transformation. Plasmid 2017; 92:1-11. [PMID: 28499723 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of the subcellular localization of proteins and protein-protein interaction networks are essential to uncover the molecular basis of diverse biological processes in plants. To this end, we have created a Gateway cloning-compatible vector system, named dual-site (DS) Gateway cloning system to allow simple cloning of two expression cassettes in a binary vector and to express them simultaneously in plant cells. In the DS Gateway cloning system, (i) a moderate constitutive nopaline synthase promoter (Pnos), which is much suitable for localization analysis, is used to guide each expression cassette, (ii) four series of vectors with different plant resistance markers are established, (iii) N-terminal fusion with 6 fluorescent proteins and 7 epitope tags is available, (iv) both N- and C-terminal fusions with split enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) are possible for efficient detection of protein-protein interactions using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. The usefulness of the DS Gateway cloning system has been demonstrated by the analysis of the expression and the subcellular localization patterns of two Golgi proteins in stable expression system using A. thaliana, and by the analyses of interactions between subunits of coat protein complex II (COPII) both in transient and stable expression systems using Japanese leek and A. thaliana, respectively. The DS Gateway cloning system provides a multipurpose, efficient expression tool in gene function analyses and especially suitable for investigating interactions and subcellular localization of two proteins in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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26
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Abstract
The delivery of proteins to the apoplast or protein secretion is an essential process in plant cells. Proteins are secreted to perform various biological functions such as cell wall modification and defense response. Conserved from yeast to mammals, both conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways have been demonstrated in plants. In the conventional protein secretion pathway, secretory proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide are transported to the extracellular region via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus and the subsequent endomembrane system. By contrast, multiple unconventional protein secretion pathways are proposed to mediate the secretion of the leaderless secretory proteins. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and provide a comprehensive overview of protein secretion pathways in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Deng Y, Srivastava R, Quilichini TD, Dong H, Bao Y, Horner HT, Howell SH. IRE1, a component of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway, protects pollen development in Arabidopsis from heat stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:193-204. [PMID: 27304577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by various stresses during vegetative development in Arabidopsis, but is constitutively active in anthers of unstressed plants. To understand the role of the UPR during reproductive development, we analyzed a double mutant, ire1a ire1b. The double mutant knocks out the RNA-splicing arm of the UPR signaling pathway. It is fertile at room temperature but male sterile at modestly elevated temperature (ET). The conditional male sterility in the mutant is a sporophytic trait, and when the double mutant was grown at ET, defects appeared in the structure of the tapetum. As a result, the tapetum in the double mutant failed to properly deposit the pollen coat at ET, which made pollen grains clump and prevented their normal dispersal. IRE1 is a dual protein kinase/ribonuclease involved in the splicing of bZIP60 mRNA, and through complementation analysis of various mutant forms of IRE1b it was demonstrated that the ribonuclease activity of IRE1 was required for protecting male fertility from ET. It was also found that overexpression of SEC31A rescued the conditional male sterility in the double mutant. SEC31A is involved in trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and a major target of the IRE1-mediated UPR signaling in stressed seedlings. Thus, IRE1, a major component of the UPR, plays an important role in protecting pollen development from ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Renu Srivastava
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haili Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Harry T Horner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Microscopy and NanoImaging Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Stephen H Howell
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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28
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Chung KP, Zeng Y, Jiang L. COPII Paralogs in Plants: Functional Redundancy or Diversity? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:758-769. [PMID: 27317568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the best-described mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which comprise five conserved cytosolic components [secretion-associated, Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1), Sec23-24, and Sec13-31]. In higher organisms, multiple paralogs of COPII components are created due to gene duplication. However, the functional diversity of plant COPII subunit isoforms remains largely elusive. Here we summarize and discuss the latest findings derived from studies of various arabidopsis COPII subunit isoforms and their functional diversity. We also put forward testable hypotheses on distinct populations of COPII vesicles performing unique functions in ER export in developmental and stress-related pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Paul P, Röth S, Schleiff E. Importance of organellar proteins, protein translocation and vesicle transport routes for pollen development and function. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:53-65. [PMID: 26874709 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein translocation. Cellular homeostasis strongly depends on proper distribution of proteins within cells and insertion of membrane proteins into the destined membranes. The latter is mediated by organellar protein translocation and the complex vesicle transport system. Considering the importance of protein transport machineries in general it is foreseen that these processes are essential for pollen function and development. However, the information available in this context is very scarce because of the current focus on deciphering the fundamental principles of protein transport at the molecular level. Here we review the significance of protein transport machineries for pollen development on the basis of pollen-specific organellar proteins as well as of genetic studies utilizing mutants of known organellar proteins. In many cases these mutants exhibit morphological alterations highlighting the requirement of efficient protein transport and translocation in pollen. Furthermore, expression patterns of genes coding for translocon subunits and vesicle transport factors in Arabidopsis thaliana are summarized. We conclude that with the exception of the translocation systems in plastids-the composition and significance of the individual transport systems are equally important in pollen as in other cell types. Apparently for plastids only a minimal translocon, composed of only few subunits, exists in the envelope membranes during maturation of pollen. However, only one of the various transport systems known from thylakoids seems to be required for the function of the "simple thylakoid system" existing in pollen plastids. In turn, the vesicle transport system is as complex as seen for other cell types as it is essential, e.g., for pollen tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Paul
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sascha Röth
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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30
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Jiang J, Patarroyo C, Garcia Cabanillas D, Zheng H, Laliberté JF. The Vesicle-Forming 6K2 Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Interacts with the COPII Coatomer Sec24a for Viral Systemic Infection. J Virol 2015. [PMID: 25878114 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00503-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Positive-sense RNA viruses remodel host cell endomembranes to generate quasi-organelles known as "viral factories" to coordinate diverse viral processes, such as genome translation and replication. It is also becoming clear that enclosing viral RNA (vRNA) complexes within membranous structures is important for virus cell-to-cell spread throughout the host. In plant cells infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, peripheral motile endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived viral vesicles are produced that carry the vRNA to plasmodesmata for delivery into adjacent noninfected cells. The viral protein 6K2 is responsible for the formation of these vesicles, but how 6K2 is involved in their biogenesis is unknown. We show here that 6K2 is associated with cellular membranes. Deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis experiments defined a soluble N-terminal 12-amino-acid stretch, in particular a potyviral highly conserved tryptophan residue and two lysine residues that were important for vesicle formation. When the tryptophan residue was changed into an alanine in the viral polyprotein, virus replication still took place, albeit at a reduced level, but cell-to-cell movement of the virus was abolished. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that 6K2 interacted with Sec24a, a COPII coatomer component. Appropriately, TuMV systemic movement was delayed in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line defective in Sec24a. Intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles thus requires ER export of 6K2, which is mediated by the interaction of the N-terminal domain of the viral protein with Sec24a. IMPORTANCE Many plant viruses remodel the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate vesicles that are associated with the virus replication complex. The viral protein 6K2 of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is known to induce ER-derived vesicles that contain vRNA as well as viral and host proteins required for vRNA synthesis. These vesicles not only sustain vRNA synthesis, they are also involved in the intercellular trafficking of vRNA. In this investigation, we found that the N-terminal soluble domain of 6K2 is required for ER export of the protein and for the formation of vesicles. ER export is not absolutely required for vRNA replication but is necessary for virus cell-to-cell movement. Furthermore, we found that 6K2 physically interacts with the COPII coatomer Sec24a and that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line with a defective Sec24a shows a delay in the systemic infection by TuMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Camilo Patarroyo
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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31
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The Vesicle-Forming 6K2 Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Interacts with the COPII Coatomer Sec24a for Viral Systemic Infection. J Virol 2015; 89:6695-710. [PMID: 25878114 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00503-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Positive-sense RNA viruses remodel host cell endomembranes to generate quasi-organelles known as "viral factories" to coordinate diverse viral processes, such as genome translation and replication. It is also becoming clear that enclosing viral RNA (vRNA) complexes within membranous structures is important for virus cell-to-cell spread throughout the host. In plant cells infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, peripheral motile endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived viral vesicles are produced that carry the vRNA to plasmodesmata for delivery into adjacent noninfected cells. The viral protein 6K2 is responsible for the formation of these vesicles, but how 6K2 is involved in their biogenesis is unknown. We show here that 6K2 is associated with cellular membranes. Deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis experiments defined a soluble N-terminal 12-amino-acid stretch, in particular a potyviral highly conserved tryptophan residue and two lysine residues that were important for vesicle formation. When the tryptophan residue was changed into an alanine in the viral polyprotein, virus replication still took place, albeit at a reduced level, but cell-to-cell movement of the virus was abolished. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that 6K2 interacted with Sec24a, a COPII coatomer component. Appropriately, TuMV systemic movement was delayed in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line defective in Sec24a. Intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles thus requires ER export of 6K2, which is mediated by the interaction of the N-terminal domain of the viral protein with Sec24a. IMPORTANCE Many plant viruses remodel the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate vesicles that are associated with the virus replication complex. The viral protein 6K2 of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is known to induce ER-derived vesicles that contain vRNA as well as viral and host proteins required for vRNA synthesis. These vesicles not only sustain vRNA synthesis, they are also involved in the intercellular trafficking of vRNA. In this investigation, we found that the N-terminal soluble domain of 6K2 is required for ER export of the protein and for the formation of vesicles. ER export is not absolutely required for vRNA replication but is necessary for virus cell-to-cell movement. Furthermore, we found that 6K2 physically interacts with the COPII coatomer Sec24a and that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line with a defective Sec24a shows a delay in the systemic infection by TuMV.
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32
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Xia C, Wang YJ, Liang Y, Niu QK, Tan XY, Chu LC, Chen LQ, Zhang XQ, Ye D. The ARID-HMG DNA-binding protein AtHMGB15 is required for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:741-56. [PMID: 24923357 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male gametes (sperm cells) develop within male gametophytes (pollen grains) and are delivered to female gametes for double fertilization by pollen tubes. Therefore, pollen tube growth is crucial for reproduction. The mechanisms that control pollen tube growth remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the ARID-HMG DNA-binding protein AtHMGB15 plays an important role in pollen tube growth. This protein is preferentially expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes and is localized in the vegetative nuclei of the tricellular pollen grains and pollen tubes. Knocking down AtHMGB15 expression via a Ds insertion caused retarded pollen tube growth, leading to a significant reduction in the seed set. The athmgb15-1 mutation affected the expression of 1686 genes in mature pollen, including those involved in cell wall formation and modification, cell signaling and cellular transport during pollen tube growth. In addition, it was observed that AtHMGB15 binds to DNA in vitro and interacts with the transcription factors AGL66 and AGL104, which are required for pollen maturation and pollen tube growth. These results suggest that AtHMGB15 functions in pollen tube growth through the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Viotti C. ER and vacuoles: never been closer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:20. [PMID: 24550928 PMCID: PMC3913007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents the gateway for intracellular trafficking of membrane proteins, soluble cargoes and lipids. In all eukaryotes, the best described mechanism of exiting the ER is via COPII-coated vesicles, which transport both membrane proteins and soluble cargoes to the cis-Golgi. The vacuole, together with the plasma membrane, is the most distal point of the secretory pathway, and many vacuolar proteins are transported from the ER through intermediate compartments. However, past results and recent findings demonstrate the presence of alternative transport routes from the ER towards the tonoplast, which are independent of Golgi- and post-Golgi trafficking. Moreover, the transport mechanism of the vacuolar proton pumps VHA-a3 and AVP1 challenges the current model of vacuole biogenesis, pointing to the endoplasmic reticulum for being the main membrane source for the biogenesis of the plant lytic compartment. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge on the transport routes towards the vacuole and discusses the possible mechanism of vacuole biogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Viotti
- *Correspondence: Corrado Viotti, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Linnéusväg 6, 90187 Umeå, Sweden e-mail:
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Yorimitsu T, Sato K, Takeuchi M. Molecular mechanisms of Sar/Arf GTPases in vesicular trafficking in yeast and plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:411. [PMID: 25191334 PMCID: PMC4140167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins play essential roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking systems in eukaryotic cells. Two types of small GTPases, secretion-associated Ras-related protein (Sar) and ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), act in the biogenesis of transport vesicles. Sar/Arf GTPases function as molecular switches by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound forms, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, respectively. Activated Sar/Arf GTPases undergo a conformational change, exposing the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix for insertion into membranes. The process triggers the recruitment and assembly of coat proteins to the membranes, followed by coated vesicle formation and scission. In higher plants, Sar/Arf GTPases also play pivotal roles in maintaining the dynamic identity of organelles in the secretory pathway. Sar1 protein strictly controls anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the recruitment of plant COPII coat components onto membranes. COPII vesicle transport is responsible for the organization of highly conserved polygonal ER networks. In contrast, Arf proteins contribute to the regulation of multiple trafficking routes, including transport through the Golgi complex and endocytic transport. These transport systems have diversified in the plant kingdom independently and exhibit several plant-specific features with respect to Golgi organization, endocytic cycling, cell polarity and cytokinesis. The functional diversification of vesicular trafficking systems ensures the multicellular development of higher plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of Sar/Arf GTPases, highlighting the molecular details of GTPase regulation in vesicle formation in yeast and advances in knowledge of the characteristics of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Takeuchi, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan e-mail:
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