1
|
Savvides AM, Velez‐Ramirez AI, Fotopoulos V. Challenging the water stress index concept: Thermographic assessment of Arabidopsis transpiration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13762. [PMID: 36281841 PMCID: PMC9542539 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water stress may greatly limit plant functionality and growth. Stomatal closure and consequently reduced transpiration are considered as early and sensitive plant responses to drought and salinity stress. An important consequence of stomatal closure under water stress is the rise of leaf temperature (Tleaf ), yet Tleaf is not only fluctuating with stomatal closure. It is regulated by several plant parameters and environmental factors. Thermal imaging and different stress indices, incorporating actual leaf/crop temperature and reference temperatures, were developed in previous studies toward normalizing for effects unassociated to water stress on Tleaf , aiming at a more efficient water stress assessment. The concept of stress indices has not been extensively studied on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the different indices employed in previous studies in assessing rosette transpiration rate (E) in Arabidopsis plants grown under two different light environments and subjected to salinity. After salinity imposition, E was gravimetrically quantified, and thermal imaging was employed to quantify rosette (Trosette ) and artificial reference temperature (Twet, Tdry ). Trosette and several water stress indices were tested for their relation to E. Among the microclimatic growth conditions tested, RWSI1 ([Trosette - Twet ]/[Tdry - Twet ]) and RWSI2 ([Tdry - Trosette ]/[Tdry - Twet ]) were well linearly-related to E, irrespective of the light environment, while the sole use of either Twet or Tdry in different combinations with Trosette returned less accurate results. This study provides evidence that selected combinations of Trosette , Tdry , and Twet can be utilized to assess E under water stress irrespective of the light environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Savvides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food ScienceCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | - Aaron I. Velez‐Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad LeónUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoLeónMexico
- Laboratorio Nacional PlanTECC, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad LeónUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoLeónMexico
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food ScienceCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vitasse Y, Baumgarten F, Zohner CM, Kaewthongrach R, Fu YH, Walde MG, Moser B. Impact of microclimatic conditions and resource availability on spring and autumn phenology of temperate tree seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:537-550. [PMID: 34235742 PMCID: PMC8518844 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microclimatic effects (light, temperature) are often neglected in phenological studies and little information is known about the impact of resource availability (nutrient and water) on tree's phenological cycles. Here we experimentally studied spring and autumn phenology in four temperate trees in response to changes in bud albedo (white-painted vs black-painted buds), light conditions (nonshaded vs c. 70% shaded), water availability (irrigated, control and reduced precipitation) and nutrients (low vs high availability). We found that higher bud albedo or shade delayed budburst (up to +12 d), indicating that temperature is sensed locally within each bud. Leaf senescence was delayed by high nutrient availability (up to +7 d) and shade conditions (up to +39 d) in all species, except oak. Autumn phenological responses to summer droughts depended on species, with a delay for cherry (+7 d) and an advance for beech (-7 d). The strong phenological effects of bud albedo and light exposure reveal an important role of microclimatic variation on phenology. In addition to the temperature and photoperiod effects, our results suggest a tight interplay between source and sink processes in regulating the end of the seasonal vegetation cycle, which can be largely influenced by resource availability (light, water and nutrients).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Vitasse
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| | - Frederik Baumgarten
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| | - Constantin M. Zohner
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZürichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | | | - Yongshuo H. Fu
- College of Water SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Manuel G. Walde
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| | - Barbara Moser
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfCH‐8903Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fouracre JP, Poethig RS. Lonely at the top? Regulation of shoot apical meristem activity by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 58:17-24. [PMID: 33099210 PMCID: PMC7752823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
All the above-ground organs of a plant are derived from stem cells that reside in shoot apical meristems (SAM). Over the past 25 years, the genetic pathways that control the proliferation of stem cells within the SAM, and the differentiation of their progenitors into lateral organs, have been described in great detail. However, longstanding questions regarding the importance of communication between cells within the SAM and lateral organs have, until recently, remained unanswered. In this review, we describe recent investigations into the extent, nature and significance of signaling both to and from the SAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Fouracre
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard Scott Poethig
- Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Westreenen A, Zhang N, Douma JC, Evers JB, Anten NPR, Marcelis LFM. Substantial differences occur between canopy and ambient climate: Quantification of interactions in a greenhouse-canopy system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233210. [PMID: 32469897 PMCID: PMC7259515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ temperature and variation therein plays a key role in plant functioning and its responses to e.g. climate change. There is a strong feedback between organ, especially leaf, temperature and the climate within the canopy (canopy climate), which in turn interacts with the climate outside the canopy (ambient climate). For greenhouses, the determinants of this interplay and how they drive differences between canopy and ambient climate are poorly understood. Yet, as many experiments on both regular greenhouse crops and field crops are done in greenhouses, this is crucial to know. Therefore, we designed an experiment to quantify the differences between ambient and canopy climate and leaf temperature. A path analysis was performed to quantify the interactions between components of the greenhouse canopy-climate system. We found that with high radiation the canopy climate can be up to 5°C cooler than the ambient climate, while for cloudy days this was only 2°C. Canopy relative humidity (RH) was up to 25% higher compared to ambient RH. We showed that radiation is very important for these climate differences, but that this effect could be partly counteracted by turning off supplementary light (i.e. due to its indirect effects e.g. changing light distribution). Leaf temperature was substantially different, both higher and lower, from the canopy air temperature. This difference was determined by leaf area index (LAI), temperature of the heating pipe and the use of supplementary light, which all strongly influence radiation, either shortwave or thermal radiation. The difference between leaf and ambient air temperature could be decreased by decreasing the LAI or increasing the temperature of the heating pipe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. van Westreenen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (AW); (LM)
| | - N. Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Douma
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. B. Evers
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. P. R. Anten
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (AW); (LM)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pao YC, Chen TW, Moualeu-Ngangue DP, Stützel H. Environmental triggers for photosynthetic protein turnover determine the optimal nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the canopy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2419-2434. [PMID: 30124935 PMCID: PMC6519421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants continually adjust the photosynthetic functions in their leaves to fluctuating light, thereby optimizing the use of photosynthetic nitrogen (Nph) at the canopy level. To investigate the complex interplay between external signals during the acclimation processes, a mechanistic model based on the concept of protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) was proposed and parameterized using cucumber grown under nine combinations of nitrogen and light in growth chambers. Integrating this dynamic model into a multi-layer canopy model provided accurate predictions of photosynthetic acclimation of greenhouse cucumber canopies grown under high and low nitrogen supply in combination with day-to-day fluctuations in light at two different levels. This allowed us to quantify the degree of optimality in canopy nitrogen use for maximizing canopy carbon assimilation, which was influenced by Nph distribution along canopy depth or Nph partitioning between functional pools. Our analyses suggest that Nph distribution is close to optimum and Nph reallocation is more important under low nitrogen. Nph partitioning is only optimal under a light level similar to the average light intensity during acclimation, meaning that day-to-day light fluctuations inevitably result in suboptimal Nph partitioning. Our results provide insights into photoacclimation and can be applied to crop model improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Pao
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tsu-Wei Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Stützel
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Lai Y, Zhang W, Ahmad J, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Duan M, Liu T, Song J, Wang H, Li X. MicroRNAs and their targets in cucumber shoot apices in response to temperature and photoperiod. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:819. [PMID: 30442111 PMCID: PMC6238408 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cucumber is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and is used as a research model for study of phloem transport, sex determination and temperature-photoperiod physiology. The shoot apex is the most important plant tissue in which the cell fate and organ meristems have been determined. In this study, a series of whole-genome small RNA, degradome and transcriptome analyses were performed on cucumber shoot apical tissues treated with high vs. low temperature and long vs. short photoperiod. RESULTS A total of 164 known miRNAs derived from 68 families and 203 novel miRNAs from 182 families were identified. Their 4611 targets were predicted using psRobot and TargetFinder, amongst which 349 were validated by degradome sequencing. Fourteen targets of six miRNAs were differentially expressed between the treatments. A total of eight known and 16 novel miRNAs were affected by temperature and photoperiod. Functional annotations revealed that "Plant hormone signal transduction" pathway was significantly over-represented in the miRNA targets. The miR156/157/SBP-Boxes and novel-mir153/ethylene-responsive transcription factor/senescence-related protein/aminotransferase/acyl-CoA thioesterase are the two most credible miRNA/targets combinations modulating the plant's responsive processes to the temperature-photoperiod changes. Moreover, the newly evolved, cucumber-specific novel miRNA (novel-mir153) was found to target 2087 mRNAs by prediction and has 232 targets proven by degradome analysis, accounting for 45.26-58.88% of the total miRNA targets in this plant. This is the largest sum of genes targeted by a single miRNA to the best of our knowledge. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to a better understanding of the miRNAs mediating plant adaptation to combinations of temperature and photoperiod and sheds light on the recent evolution of new miRNAs in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jalil Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tongjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Savvides A, van Ieperen W, Dieleman JA, Marcelis LFM. Phenotypic plasticity to altered apical bud temperature in Cucumis sativus: more leaves-smaller leaves and vice versa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:69-79. [PMID: 27640366 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies investigated temperature effects on leaf initiation and expansion by relating these processes to air temperature or the temperature of a specific organ (e.g. leaf temperature). In reality plant temperature is hardly ever equal to air temperature or spatially uniform. Apical bud temperature (Tbud ), for example, may greatly differ from the temperature of the rest of the plant (Tplant ) dependent on the environment. Recent research in Cucumis sativus showed that Tbud influences leaf initiation independent of Tplant . These findings trigger the question if such spatial temperature differences also influence leaf expansion and plant phenotype. In a 28 day study, we maintained temperature differences between Tbud and Tplant ranging from -7 to +8 °C using a custom-made bud temperature control system. Leaf expansion did not only depend on leaf temperature but also on the difference between bud and leaf temperature. Differences between Tbud and Tplant considerably influenced vertical leaf area distribution over the shoot: increasing Tbud beyond Tplant resulted in more and smaller leaves, while decreasing Tbud below Tplant resulted in less and larger leaves. The trade-off between leaf number and leaf area resulted in phenotypic alterations that cannot be predicted, for example, by crop models, when assuming plant temperature uniformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Savvides
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke A Dieleman
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|