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Xie YG, Xiao Y, Yu MY, Yang WC. Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 plays an important role on pollen development and male fertility in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108523. [PMID: 38492487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of pollen is critical to male reproduction in flowering plants. Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACOS) genes play conserved functions in regulating pollen development in various plants. Our previous work found that knockout of the SlACOS1 gene in tomato might decrease fruit setting. The current study further revealed that SlACOS1 was important to pollen development and male fertility. The SlACOS1 gene was preferentially expressed in the stamen of the flower with the highest expression at the tetrad stage of anther development. Mutation of the SlACOS1 gene by the CRISPR/Cas9-editing system reduced pollen number and viability as well as fruit setting. The tapetum layer exhibited premature degradation and the pollen showed abnormal development appearing irregular, shriveled, or anucleate in Slacos1 mutants at the tetrad stage. The fatty acid metabolism in anthers was significantly impacted by mutation of the SlACOS1 gene. Furthermore, targeted fatty acids profiling using GC-MS found that contents of most fatty acids except C18:1 and C18:2 were reduced. Yeast complementation assay demonstrated that the substrate preferences of SlACOS1 were C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids. Male fertility of Slacos1 mutant could be slightly restored by applying exogenous palmitic acid, a type of C16:0 fatty acid. Taken together, SlACOS1 played important roles on pollen development and male fertility by regulating the fatty acid metabolism and the development of tapetum and tetrad. Our findings will facilitate unraveling the mechanism of pollen development and male fertility in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ge Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meng-Yi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Cai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Kakui H, Ujino-Ihara T, Hasegawa Y, Tsurisaki E, Futamura N, Iwai J, Higuchi Y, Fujino T, Suzuki Y, Kasahara M, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Otani M, Nakano M, Nameta M, Shibata S, Ueno S, Moriguchi Y. A single-nucleotide substitution of CjTKPR1 determines pollen production in the gymnosperm plant Cryptomeria japonica. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad236. [PMID: 37559748 PMCID: PMC10408704 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollinosis, also known as pollen allergy or hay fever, is a global problem caused by pollen produced by various plant species. The wind-pollinated Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) is the largest contributor to severe pollinosis in Japan, where increasing proportions of people have been affected in recent decades. The MALE STERILITY 4 (MS4) locus of Japanese cedar controls pollen production, and its homozygous mutants (ms4/ms4) show abnormal pollen development after the tetrad stage and produce no mature pollen. In this study, we narrowed down the MS4 locus by fine mapping in Japanese cedar and found TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE 1 (TKPR1) gene in this region. Transformation experiments using Arabidopsis thaliana showed that single-nucleotide substitution ("T" to "C" at 244-nt position) of CjTKPR1 determines pollen production. Broad conservation of TKPR1 beyond plant division could lead to the creation of pollen-free plants not only for Japanese cedar but also for broader plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kakui
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Tokuko Ujino-Ihara
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hasegawa
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Eriko Tsurisaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norihiro Futamura
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Junji Iwai
- Forest and Forestry Technology Division, Niigata Prefectural Forest Research Institute, Niigata 958-0264, Japan
| | - Yuumi Higuchi
- Forest and Forestry Technology Division, Niigata Prefectural Forest Research Institute, Niigata 958-0264, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kasahara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Otani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nameta
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
| | - Saneyoshi Ueno
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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Zou J, Dong S, Fang B, Zhao Y, Song G, Xin Y, Huang S, Feng H. BrACOS5 mutations induced male sterility via impeding pollen exine formation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:6. [PMID: 36656366 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BrACOS5 mutations led to male sterility of Chinese cabbage verified in three allelic male-sterile mutants. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the major vegetable crops in East Asia, and the utilization of male-sterile line is an important measure for its hybrid seed production. Herein, we isolated three allelic male-sterile mutants, msm1-1, msm1-2 and msm1-3, from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized population of Chinese cabbage double-haploid (DH) line 'FT', whose microspores were completely aborted with severely absent exine, and tapetums were abnormally developed. Genetic analyses indicated that the three male-sterile mutants belonged to allelic mutation and were triggered by the same recessive nuclear gene. MutMap-based gene mapping and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) analysis demonstrated that three different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BraA09g012710.3C were responsible for the male sterility of msm1-1/2/3, respectively. BraA09g012710.3C is orthologous of Arabidopsis thaliana ACOS5 (AT1G62940), encoding an acyl-CoA synthetase in sporopollenin biosynthesis, and specifically expressed in anther, so we named BraA09g012710.3C as BrACOS5. BrACOS5 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations of BrACOS5 resulted in decreased enzyme activities and altered fatty acid contents in msm1 anthers. As well as the transcript accumulations of putative orthologs involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated excluding BrPKSA. These results provide strong evidence for the integral role of BrACOS5 in conserved sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway and also contribute to uncovering exine development pattern and underlying male sterility mechanism in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Foreign Language Teaching, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengxing Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Grienenberger E, Quilichini TD. The Toughest Material in the Plant Kingdom: An Update on Sporopollenin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703864. [PMID: 34539697 PMCID: PMC8446667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The extreme chemical and physical recalcitrance of sporopollenin deems this biopolymer among the most resilient organic materials on Earth. As the primary material fortifying spore and pollen cell walls, sporopollenin is touted as a critical innovation in the progression of plant life to a terrestrial setting. Although crucial for its protective role in plant reproduction, the inert nature of sporopollenin has challenged efforts to determine its composition for decades. Revised structural, chemical, and genetic experimentation efforts have produced dramatic advances in elucidating the molecular structure of this biopolymer and the mechanisms of its synthesis. Bypassing many of the challenges with material fragmentation and solubilization, insights from functional characterizations of sporopollenin biogenesis in planta, and in vitro, through a gene-targeted approach suggest a backbone of polyhydroxylated polyketide-based subunits and remarkable conservation of biochemical pathways for sporopollenin biosynthesis across the plant kingdom. Recent optimization of solid-state NMR and targeted degradation methods for sporopollenin analysis confirms polyhydroxylated α-pyrone subunits, as well as hydroxylated aliphatic units, and unique cross-linkage heterogeneity. We examine the cross-disciplinary efforts to solve the sporopollenin composition puzzle and illustrate a working model of sporopollenin's molecular structure and biosynthesis. Emerging controversies and remaining knowledge gaps are discussed, including the degree of aromaticity, cross-linkage profiles, and extent of chemical conservation of sporopollenin among land plants. The recent developments in sporopollenin research present diverse opportunities for harnessing the extraordinary properties of this abundant and stable biomaterial for sustainable microcapsule applications and synthetic material designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Teagen D. Quilichini
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Kobayashi K, Akita K, Suzuki M, Ohta D, Nagata N. Fertile Arabidopsis cyp704b1 mutant, defective in sporopollenin biosynthesis, has a normal pollen coat and lipidic organelles in the tapetum. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:109-116. [PMID: 34177330 PMCID: PMC8215455 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.1214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The exine acts as a protectant of the pollen from environmental stresses, and the pollen coat plays an important role in the attachment and recognition of the pollen to the stigma. The pollen coat is made of lipidic organelles in the tapetum. The pollen coat is necessary for fertility, as pollen coat-less mutants, such as those deficient in sterol biosynthesis, show severe male sterility. In contrast, the exine is made of sporopollenin precursors that are biosynthesized in the tapetum. Some mutants involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis lose the exine but show the fertile phenotype. One of these mutants, cyp704b1, was reported to lose not only the exine but also the pollen coat. To identify the cause of the fertile phenotype of the cyp704b1 mutant, the detailed structures of the tapetum tissue and pollen surface in the mutant were analyzed. As a result, the cyp704b1 mutant completely lost the normal exine but had high-electron-density granules localized where the exine should be present. Furthermore, normal lipidic organelles in the tapetum and pollen coat embedded between high-electron-density granules on the pollen surface were observed, unlike in a previous report, and the pollen coat was attached to the stigma. Therefore, the pollen coat is necessary for fertility, and the structure that functions like the exine, such as high-electron-density granules, on the pollen surface may play important roles in retaining the pollen coat in the cyp704b1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Akita
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Faculty of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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6
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Wan X, Wu S, Li Z, An X, Tian Y. Lipid Metabolism: Critical Roles in Male Fertility and Other Aspects of Reproductive Development in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:955-983. [PMID: 32434071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation. Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility (GMS). To date, many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle, pollen wall, and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized. In this review, we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants. On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin, wax, sporopollenin, and tryphine in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize as well as other plant species, updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed. Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines (Oh43, W23, and B73), a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced. More, we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Finally, we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism, genes involved, and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing, haploid and callus induction, molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Youhui Tian
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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