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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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A contemporary review of management and prognostic factors of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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CD24: from a Hematopoietic Differentiation Antigen to a Genetic Risk Factor for Multiple Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 50:70-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhou X. CD24 polymorphisms cannot predict pathologic complete response to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 14:e33-40. [PMID: 24393851 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the correlations between CD24 polymorphisms and clinicopathologic variables of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD24 were genotyped by the Sequenom MassArray iPLEX Gold System in 170 patients with breast cancer, and a total of 120 patients with histologically confirmed T2-4N0-2 M0 breast cancer were recruited to therapy with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between CD24 polymorphisms and any of the clinicopathologic variables, and no significant associations were found between either of the polymorphisms and CD24 protein expression. The clinical response rate and the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate were 68.8% and 27.1% in patients with the CD24 rs3838646 CA/CA genotype, and 87.5% and 20.8% in CD24 CA/Del and Del/Del genotype. There were no statistically significant differences between the CA/CA group and the Del allele group. The clinical response rate was 85.4% in patients with the CD24 rs52812045 C/C genotype and 63.9% in patients with the CD24 C/T and T/T genotype. There was a statistically significant difference between the C/C group and the T allele group (odds ratio = 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.73, P = .01). The pCR rate was 29.2% in patients with the CD24 rs52812045 C/C genotype and 23.6% in patients with the CD24 C/T and T/T genotype. There were no statistically significant differences between the C/C group and the T allele group. In a multivariate analysis, there was no correlation between CD24 rs3838646 or rs52812045 genotype and pCR. CONCLUSION CD24 rs3838646 and rs52812045 polymorphism could not predict the pathologic complete response to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Additional larger studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute, People's Republic of China.
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AbdulMajeed AA, Dalley AJ, Farah CS. Putative cancer stem cell marker expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:755-60. [PMID: 23614644 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. AbdulMajeed
- The University of Queensland; UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Qld Australia
- The University of Queensland; School of Dentistry; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- The University of Queensland; UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Qld Australia
- The University of Queensland; School of Dentistry; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- The University of Queensland; UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Qld Australia
- The University of Queensland; School of Dentistry; Brisbane Qld Australia
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Buck K, Hug S, Seibold P, Ferschke I, Altevogt P, Sohn C, Schneeweiss A, Burwinkel B, Jäger D, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-Claude J, Marmé F. CD24 polymorphisms in breast cancer: impact on prognosis and risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 137:927-37. [PMID: 23314606 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of CD24 has a negative impact on breast cancer prognosis. We have recently reported that the CD24 codon 57 Val/Val genotype (rs52812045) is associated with pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer and correlates with intratumoral lymphocyte infiltrates. This study was performed to investigate the influence of CD24 polymorphisms on breast cancer prognosis and risk. A total of 2,514 patients and 4,858 controls recruited as part of the MARIE study, a population-based case-control study, were genotyped for two CD24 polymorphisms (rs52812045, rs3838646) using TaqMan custom genotyping assays. Associations with overall and breast cancer-specific survival were assessed using uni- and multivariable Cox regression models stratified by age at diagnosis and adjusted for prognostic factors. Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for major risk factors was used to estimate multivariable odds ratios for risk of putative allele carriers compared to wildtype carriers. CD24 Ala/Val was significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis [Val/Val hazard ratio (HR)(adjusted) = 1.52; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.00-2.30, p = 0.05 and HR(adjusted) = 1.83; 95 % CI: 1.10-3.05, p = 0.018 for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality, respectively). The association was significant only in patients with a BMI <25 and in those who received adjuvant chemotherapy. None of the CD24 alleles was associated with breast cancer risk. These results provide further evidence of the CD24 Val/Val genotype influencing outcome in primary breast cancer. Together with previous data of CD24 overexpression as a poor prognostic marker, the findings underline the biological importance of CD24 for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Buck
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
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Furukawa J, Miyake H, Sakai I, Fujisawa M. Significance of ureteroscopic biopsy grade in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Curr Urol 2012; 6:156-9. [PMID: 24917735 DOI: 10.1159/000343531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the significance of the ureteroscopic biopsy grade for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 40 patients who were diagnosed with a single focus of UTUC by ureteroscopic biopsy and subsequently underwent nephroureterectomy. The significance of the biopsy grade as a predictive factor for pathological outcomes of nephroureterectomy was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of these 40 patients, 19 (47.5%) and 21 (52.5%) were diagnosed with low and high grade UTUC, respectively. The ureteroscopic biopsy grade matched the pathological grade of surgically resected specimens in 35 of the 40 cases (87.5%), and there was a significant correlation between the biopsy and pathological grades (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the biopsy grade was also shown to be closely associated with the pathological stage (p < 0.001); that is, only 1 of the 19 patients (5.3%) with biopsy low grade UTUC were pathologically diagnosed as having muscle invasive disease, while 17 of the 21 patients (81.0%) with biopsy high grade UTUC appeared to show tumor invasion into muscle or deeper. CONCLUSIONS The grade of UTUC on ureteroscopic biopsy could provide accurate diagnostic information on the final pathology of nephroureterectomy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Furukawa
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyake
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Iori Sakai
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Prognostic Factors in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature. Eur Urol 2012; 62:100-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Marmé F, Werft W, Walter A, Keller S, Wang X, Benner A, Burwinkel B, Sinn P, Hug S, Sohn C, Bretz N, Moldenhauer G, Rupp C, Rupp AK, Biakhov MY, Bottini A, Friedrichs K, Khailenko VA, Manikhas GM, Ruiz A, Sánchez-Rovira P, Santoro A, Segui MA, Villena C, Lichter P, Kristiansen G, Altevogt P, Schneeweiss A. CD24 Ala57Val polymorphism predicts pathologic complete response to sequential anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 132:819-31. [PMID: 21960110 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of CD24 is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Recently, two polymorphisms in the CD24 gene were linked to disease risk and progression in autoimmune diseases. Here, we evaluated the clinical relevance of these polymorphisms with respect to their potential to predict a pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for primary breast cancer (PBC), one of the strongest prognostic factors in this setting. A total of 257 patients were randomized to either doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) or doxorubicin/pemetrexed (AP), both followed by docetaxel (Doc) as NCT for T2-4 N0-2 M0 PBC as part of an international, multicenter, randomized phase II trial. CD24 polymorphisms were analyzed on germ line DNA and correlated with clinicopathologic variables and pCR. No significant associations were found between either of the polymorphisms and any of the clinicopathologic variables. In a multivariate analysis, CD24 Val/Val genotype was the only significant predictor of pCR (OR: 4.97; P = 0.003). The predictive potential was significant in both treatment arms and in the hormone receptor-positive subgroup. There was no correlation between CD24 3'UTR (TG/Del) genotype and pCR. We did not observe any association between CD24 genotype and CD24 protein expression or in vitro chemosensitivity, but there was a significant correlation between CD24 Val/Val and intratumoral lymphocyte aggregates. In conclusion, CD24 Ala/Val SNP is a strong and independent predictor of pCR after NCT for PBC and may affect immune functions rather than tumor characteristics. Further evaluation of the CD24 function and validation of its predictive potential are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Voßstr. 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease, which means there are little evidence-based data available to guide clinical decision-making. Although diagnosis and treatment of UTUC have improved significantly over the last 5 years, accurate risk stratification remains a challenge owing to the difficulty of clinical staging. A number of potential prognostic factors have been identified, encompassing clinical characteristics, pathological factors and molecular markers. Tumor stage and lymph node status are the most important predictors of survival in patients with UTUC. Preoperative evaluation for hydronephrosis can identify patients at risk of non-organ-confined disease. In the subgroup of patients with stage ≥pT2 disease, a longer interval between diagnosis and radical nephroureterectomy is associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. Extensive tumor necrosis, sessile tumor architecture and lymphovascular invasion are independent predictors of clinical outcomes for patients with UTUC treated with radical nephroureterectomy. The incorporation of such prognosticators into clinical prediction models might help to guide decision-making with regard to timing of surveillance, type of treatment, performance of lymphadenectomy, and consideration of neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapies.
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CD24, a novel cancer biomarker, predicting disease-free survival of non-small cell lung carcinomas: a retrospective study of prognostic factor analysis from the viewpoint of forthcoming (seventh) new TNM classification. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5:649-57. [PMID: 20354454 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181d5e554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis-associated protein CD24 has been identified as a new prognostic factor and stem cell marker in the human neoplasm. However, the importance of the CD24 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) has not been elucidated well. METHODS We evaluated CD24 expression in 267 consecutive cases of NSCLC by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray technique and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters including forthcoming (seventh) new tumor node metastasis classification. RESULTS CD24-high expression was demonstrated in 87 of 267 (33%) and was associated with adenocarcinoma (ADC) histology than in squamous cell carcinoma histology (64 of 165 [39%] vs. 20 of 88 [23%]; p = 0.023). Patients with CD24-high tumors tended to have a higher risk of disease progression (p < 0.001) and cancer-related death (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis proved CD24-high expression as independent prognostic factors of disease progression and cancer-related death (p = 0.002, hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-2.58 and p = 0.017, hazard ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval =1.13-3.31). CD24-high expression had a tendency to correlate with new pathologic stage (p-stage) (p = 0.089) rather than old p-stage (p = 0.253). Performance status and new p-stage, regardless of the tumor histology, were identified as consistent independent prognostic factors of disease progression and cancer-related death. However, age was related to a significantly shorter cancer-specific survival in ADC only. CONCLUSIONS CD24 expression in NSCLC is associated with ADC histology and disease progression and cancer-related death, indicative of aggressive tumor behavior. Performance status and new p-stage, to a lesser extent, age correlated with progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival, regardless of tumor histology.
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Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of CD24 in Gallbladder Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:45-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
As a testament to the importance of CD24, researchers with diverse interests, including adaptive immunity, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer, have encountered CD24. CD24 is overexpressed in many cancers and appears oncogenic. In the adaptive immune response, CD24 is a redundant costimulatory molecule in costimulation-rich lymphoid organs but is essential in selected target organs tested, such as brain and skin. More recent studies suggest it may have a role in discriminating danger and pathogen-associated molecular patterns by dendritic cells. The biology of CD24 is intriguing but poorly understood. Here we summarize the major findings associated with CD24 to stimulate new ideas for further research that may reveal the underlying link among the diverse processes mediated by CD24.
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Expression and clinical significance of CD147 in genitourinary carcinomas. J Surg Res 2008; 160:260-7. [PMID: 19286191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expressed by tumor cells stimulates peri-tumorous fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thus contributing to tumor invasion and metastasis. To assess its suitability as a potential therapeutic target, as well as its association with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of patients, the expression of CD147/EMMPRIN in neoplastic tissues of the genitourinary system were analyzed. METHODS CD147/EMMPRIN expression in 52 patients with renal carcinoma, 58 patients with bladder carcinoma, 101 patients with prostate carcinoma, 17 patients of penis carcinoma, and 17 patients of testis carcinoma were examined by immunostaining on paraffin-embedded tumor specimens using monoclonal antibodies. Then, the association of its expression with clinicopathologic characteristics to the patients' prognosis was analyzed. The RNA interference approach was used to silence CD147/EMMPRIN expression in the human prostate carcinoma cell line LNCAP and human bladder carcinoma cell line J82. The in vitro proliferative ability of CD147/EMMPRIN-deficient cells was determined by a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. RESULTS CD147/EMMPRIN was expressed in neoplastic tissues, but not in normal tissues. Positive expression was shown in 42 of 52 (80.77%) of the patients with renal carcinoma, 41 of 58 (70.69%) of the patients with bladder carcinoma, 67 of 101 (66.34%) of the patients with prostate carcinoma, 16 of 17 (94.12%) of the patients with penis carcinoma and testis carcinoma. Positive CD147/EMMPRIN staining was significantly associated with TNM stages and histological subtypes of patients with various urinary carcinomas (P < 0.05). In all five groups, for different expression levels of CD147/EMMPRIN, the patients with a highly positive expression of CD147/EMMPRIN had the poorest prognosis. The siRNA-treated cells exhibited significantly decreased growth ability compared with control cells in vitro. CONCLUSION These results may assist in defining the suitability of CD147/EMMPRIN as a therapeutic target and as a method for predicting a poor outcome in patients with various urinary carcinomas.
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Lee HJ, Kim DI, Kwak C, Ku JH, Moon KC. Expression of CD24 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Urology 2008; 72:603-7. [PMID: 18384848 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression patterns of CD24 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and to investigate its prognostic significance. CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule that has been thought to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis of various cancers. CD24 expression has previously been reported in RCC, although little is known about its prognostic significance. METHODS We immunohistochemically analyzed CD24 expression using tissue microarray in 328 cases of CCRCC. The percentage of positively stained tumor cells was evaluated and classified into four categories: 0, 0%; 1+, 1% to 10%; 2+, 11% to 50%; and 3+, more than 50%. For statistical analysis, the cases were subdivided into a CD24-low-expression group (0 and 1+) and CD24-high-expression group (2+ and 3+). RESULTS High CD24 expression was significantly associated with a high nuclear grade (P = 0.005) and large tumor size (P = 0.04). The survival analysis revealed no significant association between CD24 expression and disease-specific survival (P = 0.141). However, the CD24-high-expression group had a significantly shortened progression-free survival (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis also revealed that high CD24 expression was an independent covariate for poor progression-free survival (P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS We investigated CD24 expression in CCRCC and found that high CD24 expression was associated with high nuclear grade, large tumor size, and shortened progression-free survival. Although the biologic function of CD24 in CCRCC remains unknown, the expression of CD24 can provide new prognostic information about disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Isolation of CD24high and CD24low/− cells from MCF-7: CD24 expression is positively related with proliferation, adhesion and invasion in MCF-7. Cancer Lett 2007; 258:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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