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Awosika OO, Garver A, Drury C, Sucharew HJ, Boyne P, Schwab SM, Wasik E, Earnest M, Dunning K, Bhattacharya A, Khatri P, Kissela BM. Insufficiencies in sensory systems reweighting is associated with walking impairment severity in chronic stroke: an observational cohort study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1244657. [PMID: 38020645 PMCID: PMC10656616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1244657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Walking and balance impairment are common sequelae of stroke and significantly impact functional independence, morbidity, and mortality. Adequate postural stability is needed for walking, which requires sufficient integration of sensory information between the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular centers. "Sensory reweighting" describes the normal physiologic response needed to maintain postural stability in the absence of sufficient visual or somatosensory information and is believed to play a critical role in preserving postural stability after stroke. However, the extent to which sensory reweighting successfully maintains postural stability in the chronic stages of stroke and its potential impact on walking function remains understudied. Methods In this cross-sectional study, fifty-eight community-dwelling ambulatory chronic stroke survivors underwent baseline postural stability testing during quiet stance using the modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (mCTSIB) and assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters. Results Seventy-six percent (45/58) of participants showed sufficient sensory reweighting with visual and somatosensory deprivation for maintaining postural stability, albeit with greater postural sway velocity indices than normative data. In contrast, survivors with insufficient reweighting demonstrated markedly slower overground walking speeds, greater spatiotemporal asymmetry, and limited acceleration potential. Conclusion Adequate sensory system reweighting is essential for chronic stroke survivors' postural stability and walking independence. Greater emphasis should be placed on rehabilitation strategies incorporating multisensory system integration testing and strengthening as part of walking rehabilitation protocols. Given its potential impact on outcomes, walking rehabilitation trials may benefit from incorporating formal postural stability testing in design and group stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole O. Awosika
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amanda Garver
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Colin Drury
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Heidi J. Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pierce Boyne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah M. Schwab
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emily Wasik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Earnest
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kari Dunning
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- EDDI Lab—Early Detection of Degenerative Disorders and Innovative Solutions, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brett M. Kissela
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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2
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Kirollos R, Herdman CM. Caloric vestibular stimulation induces vestibular circular vection even with a conflicting visual display presented in a virtual reality headset. Iperception 2023; 14:20416695231168093. [PMID: 37113619 PMCID: PMC10126621 DOI: 10.1177/20416695231168093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored visual-vestibular sensory integration when the vestibular system receives self-motion information using caloric irrigation. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if measurable vestibular circular vection can be induced in healthy participants using caloric vestibular stimulation and (2) determine if a conflicting visual display could impact vestibular vection. In Experiment 1 (E1), participants had their eyes closed. Air caloric vestibular stimulation cooled the endolymph fluid of the horizontal semi-circular canal inducing vestibular circular vection. Participants reported vestibular circular vection with a potentiometer knob that measured circular vection direction, speed, and duration. In Experiment 2 (E2), participants viewed a stationary display in a virtual reality headset that did not signal self-motion while receiving caloric vestibular stimulation. This produced a visual-vestibular conflict. Participants indicated clockwise vection in the left ear and counter-clockwise vection in right ear in a significant proportion of trials in E1 and E2. Vection was significantly slower and shorter in E2 compared to E1. E2 results demonstrated that during visual-vestibular conflict, visual and vestibular cues are used to determine self-motion rather than one system overriding the other. These results are consistent with optimal cue integration hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Kirollos
- Ramy Kirollos, Defence Research and Development
Canada, Toronto Research Center, 1133 Sheppard Ave. W., Toronto, Ontario, M3 K 2C9,
Canada; Visualization and Simulation Center, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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3
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Catanzariti JF, Darchicourt D, Chevutschi A, Le Berre M, Tanche L, Guyot MA. Is self-image, in reference to the gravitational vertical, altered in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A multicenter, single-blind, case-control study. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 15:477-486. [PMID: 36031914 DOI: 10.3233/prm-200689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with perturbation of orthostatic postural control. In humans, orthostatic postural control is organized around the gravitational vertical (GV). Perception of the GV involves a bottom-up process (central integration of multisensorial information) and a top-down process that uses cognitive mechanisms relying on body image. This study hypothesized that AIS would be associated with an erroneous central representation of verticality. The objective was to demonstrate an altered top-down process of sense of verticality in AIS. METHODS This multicenter, single-blind, case-control study evaluated 63 adolescent girls with AIS divided into two groups (major AIS (n = 31) and minor AIS (n = 32)) and 30 matched non-scoliotic adolescents. Participants scored their perception of trunk appearance in an upright position using a pictographic scale. The outcome measure was the difference between perception score and real trunk deformity. RESULTS Participants with major AIS presented with misperception of their trunk appearance in an upright position when compared with those with minor AIS or controls. CONCLUSION Adolescents with major AIS underestimate their trunk deformity in an upright position. This suggests an altered representation of body image, affecting top-down control of sense of verticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Catanzariti
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Center Marc Sautelet, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France.,Physical Therapy School, Loos, France.,La Maison de la Scoliose, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Alain Chevutschi
- Physical Therapy School, Loos, France.,COMUE Lille Nord de France, University Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Morgane Le Berre
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Swynghedauw - Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Tanche
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Center Marc Sautelet, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France.,La Maison de la Scoliose, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Marc-Alexandre Guyot
- COMUE Lille Nord de France, University Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Saint Philibert, Lille Catholic University Hospital, Lomme, France
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4
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Park SY, Yeo SS, Jang SH, Cho IH, Oh S. Associations Between Injury of the Parieto-Insular Vestibular Cortex and Changes in Motor Function According to the Recovery Process: Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Front Neurol 2021; 12:740711. [PMID: 34819909 PMCID: PMC8607691 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.740711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) injury can cause symptoms such as abnormal gait and affects the integration and processing of sensory inputs contributing to self-motion perception. Therefore, this study investigated the association of the vestibular pathway in the gait and motor function recovery process in patients with PIVC injury using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: We recruited 28 patients with stroke with only PIVC injury and reconstructed the PIVC using a 1.5-T scanner for DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. The functional ambulatory category (FAC) test was conducted, and motricity index (MI) score was determined. These were conducted and determined at the start (phase 1), end of rehabilitation (phase 2), and during the follow-up 6 months after onset. Results: Although the tract volume of PIVC showed a decrease in subgroup A, all of DTI parameters were not different between two subgroups in affected side (p > 0.05). The results of MI and FAC were significantly different according to the recovery process (p < 0.05). In addition, FA of the PIVC showed a positive correlation with FAC in phase 2 of the recovery process on the affected side. On the unaffected side, FA of the PIVC showed a significant negative correlation with MI in all processes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The degree of projection pathways to PIVC injury at onset time seems to be related to early restoration of gait function. Moreover, we believe that early detection of the projection pathway for PIVC injury using DTI would be helpful in the clinical evaluation and prediction of the prognosis of patients with PIVC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In Hee Cho
- Department of Health, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seunghue Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, South Korea
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5
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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6
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Black RD, Bell RP, Riska KM, Spankovich C, Peters RW, Lascola CD, Whitlow CT. The Acute Effects of Time-Varying Caloric Vestibular Stimulation as Assessed With fMRI. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:648928. [PMID: 34434093 PMCID: PMC8381736 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.648928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe preliminary results from the application of time-varying caloric vestibular stimulation (tvCVS) to volunteers during a continuous blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) acquisition, recording baseline, during-tvCVS and post-tvCVS epochs. The modifications necessary to enable the use of this novel device in a 3-Tesla magnetic field are discussed. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used as a model-free method to highlight spatially and temporally coherent brain networks. The ICA results are consistent with tvCVS induction being mediated principally by thermoconvection in the vestibular labyrinth and not by direct thermal effects. The activation of hub networks identified by ICA is consistent with the concept of sensory neuromodulation, which posits that a modulatory signal introduced to a sensory organ is able to traverse the regions innervated (directly and indirectly) by that organ, while being transformed so as to be “matched” to regional neuronal dynamics. The data suggest that regional neurovascular coupling and a systemic cerebral blood flow component account for the BOLD contrast observed. The ability to modulate cerebral hemodynamics is of significant interest. The implications of these initial findings for the use of tvCVS therapeutically are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan P Bell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kristal M Riska
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher Spankovich
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | | | - Christopher D Lascola
- Department of Radiology and Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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7
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Cedras AM, Sharp A, Bacon BA, Champoux F, Maheu M. Asymmetrical influence of bi-thermal caloric vestibular stimulation on a temporal order judgment task. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3133-3141. [PMID: 34417828 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that binaural vestibular stimulation affects tactile temporal processing. However, it remains difficult to determine the physiological mechanisms supporting the vestibular-somatosensory interactions observed during a TOJ task. Controlling the activation of the right or left vestibular system separately could allow to better understand the physiological bases of these findings and reconcile previous studies. The objective of the present study was to examine tactile temporal processing using a temporal order judgment task following selective stimulation of the right and left vestibular system with bi-thermal caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS). A total of 24 right-handed participants received bi-thermal CVS either in the right ear (n = 12) or the left ear (n = 12). Participants held vibrators in both hands which delivered a signal temporally separated by a variable asynchrony. Participants had to report the hand where the vibration was perceived first. The task was performed in three different CVS conditions: (1) baseline, (2) warm CVS, and (3) cold CVS. Analysis of the logistics curve parameters-just noticeable difference (JND) and point of subjective simultaneity (PSS)-for each participant in each CVS conditions revealed an increase in JND greater following warm CVS. A significant increase in JND following warm CVS was measured bilaterally. However, cold CVS increased JND only when CVS was applied in the left ear, but not in the right ear. Finally, no influence of CVS on PSS was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assan Mary Cedras
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Pavillon Laurier, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréanne Sharp
- Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | | | - François Champoux
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maxime Maheu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Montreal University, Succursale Centre-Ville, 7077 Avenue du Parc, Bureau 3001-42, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Pavillon Laurier, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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8
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Bretas R, Taoka M, Hihara S, Cleeremans A, Iriki A. Neural Evidence of Mirror Self-Recognition in the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of Macaque: Observations from a Single-Cell Recording Experiment and Implications for Consciousness. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020157. [PMID: 33503993 PMCID: PMC7911187 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite mirror self-recognition being regarded as a classical indication of self-awareness, little is known about its neural underpinnings. An increasing body of evidence pointing to a role of multimodal somatosensory neurons in self-recognition guided our investigation toward the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), as we observed single-neuron activity from a macaque monkey sitting in front of a mirror. The monkey was previously habituated to the mirror, successfully acquiring the ability of mirror self-recognition. While the monkey underwent visual and somatosensory stimulation, multimodal visual and somatosensory activity was detected in the SII, with neurons found to respond to stimuli seen through the mirror. Responses were also modulated by self-related or non-self-related stimuli. These observations corroborate that vision is an important aspect of SII activity, with electrophysiological evidence of mirror self-recognition at the neuronal level, even when such an ability is not innate. We also show that the SII may be involved in distinguishing self and non-self. Together, these results point to the involvement of the SII in the establishment of bodily self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bretas
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Miki Taoka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Sayaka Hihara
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Axel Cleeremans
- Program in Brain, Mind & Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
- Consciousness, Cognition, and Computation Group (CO3), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (R.B.); (M.T.)
- Program in Brain, Mind & Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abstract
Vestibular information has been traditionally considered as a specialized input for basic orienting behaviours, such as oculo-motor adjustments, postural control and gaze orientation. However, in the past two decades a widespread vestibular network in the human brain has been identified, that goes far beyond the low-level reflex circuits emphasized by earlier work. Because this vestibular cortical network is so widely distributed, it could, in principle, impact multiple neurocognitive functions in health and disease. This paper focuses on the relations between vestibular input, vestibular networks, and vestibular interventions by providing the authors' personal viewpoint on the state-of-the-art of vestibular cognitive neuropsychology, and its potential relevance for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Bretas RV, Taoka M, Suzuki H, Iriki A. Secondary somatosensory cortex of primates: beyond body maps, toward conscious self-in-the-world maps. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:259-272. [PMID: 31960104 PMCID: PMC7007896 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent human imaging studies have revealed the involvement of the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in processes that require high-level information integration, such as self-consciousness, social relations, whole body representation, and metaphorical extrapolations. These functions are far beyond its known role in the formation of body maps (even in their most complex forms), requiring the integration of different information modalities in addition to somatosensory information. However, no evidence of such complex processing seems to have been detected at the neuronal level in animal experiments, which would constitute a major discrepancy between human and non-human animals. This article scrutinizes this gap, introducing experimental evidence of human and non-human primates’ SII functions set in context with their evolutionary significance and mechanisms, functionally situating the human SII as a primate brain. Based on the presented data, a new concept of a somatocentric holistic self is proposed, represented as a more comprehensive body-in-the-world map in the primate SII, taking into account evolutionary aspects that characterize the human SII and its implication in the emergence of self-consciousness. Finally, the idea of projection is introduced from the viewpoint of cognitive science, providing a logical explanation to bridge this gap between observed behavior and neurophysiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V Bretas
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Taoka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Social Informatics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. .,Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
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11
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Katz-Nave G, Adini Y, Hetzroni OE, Bonneh YS. Sequence Learning in Minimally Verbal Children With ASD and the Beneficial Effect of Vestibular Stimulation. Autism Res 2019; 13:320-337. [PMID: 31729171 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and especially the minimally verbal, often fail to learn basic perceptual and motor skills. This deficit has been demonstrated in several studies, but the findings could have been due to the nonoptimal adaptation of the paradigms. In the current study, we sought to characterize the skill learning deficit in young minimally verbal children with ASD and explore ways for improvement. For this purpose, we used vestibular stimulation (VS) whose beneficial effects have been demonstrated in the typical population, but the data regarding ASD are limited. We trained 36 children ages 6-13 years, ASD (N = 18, 15 of them minimally verbal) and typical development (TD, N = 18), on a touch version of the visual-motor Serial-Reaction-Time sequence-learning task, in 10 short (few minutes) weekly practice sessions. A subgroup of children received VS prior to each training block. All the participants but two ASD children showed gradual median reaction time improvement with significant speed gains across the training period. The ASD children were overall slower (by ~250 msec). Importantly, those who received VS (n = 10) showed speed gains comparable to TD, which were larger (by ~100%) than the ASD controls, and partially sequence-specific. VS had no effect on the TD group. These results suggest that VS has a positive effect on learning in minimally verbal ASD children, which may have important therapeutic implications. Furthermore, contrary to some previous findings, minimally verbal children with ASD can acquire, in optimal conditions, procedural skills with few short training sessions, spread over weeks, and with a similar time course as non-ASD controls. Autism Res 2020, 13: 320-337. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Minimally verbal children with ASD who received specially adjusted learning conditions showed significant learning of a visual-motor sequence across 10 practice days. This learning was considerably improved with vestibular stimulation before each short learning session. This may have important practical implications in the education and treatment of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Katz-Nave
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Learning-Competence - Center for Functional Advancement, Even Yehuda, Israel
| | - Yael Adini
- Independent scholar, Hameyasdim St., Beit-Oved, Israel
| | - Orit E Hetzroni
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram S Bonneh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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“The vestibular system, body temperature and sense of body ownership: a potential link? Insights from a single case study”. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:522-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Moro SS, Harris LR. Vestibular–somatosensory interactions affect the perceived timing of tactile stimuli. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2877-2885. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Pfeiffer C, Noel J, Serino A, Blanke O. Vestibular modulation of peripersonal space boundaries. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:800-811. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeiffer
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Autonomous Systems Laboratory Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ) Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Paul Noel
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Andrea Serino
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- MySpace Lab Department of Clinical Neuroscience Lausanne University and University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics School of Life Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech H4, Chemin des Mines 9 Geneva CH – 1202 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Mind Institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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15
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Cabolis K, Steinberg A, Ferrè ER. Somatosensory modulation of perceptual vestibular detection. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:859-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Yeo SS, Jang SH, Kwon JW. Central vestibular disorder due to ischemic injury on the parieto-insular vestibular cortex in patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarction: Observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9349. [PMID: 29390518 PMCID: PMC5758220 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Central vestibular disorder is common after middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction. The MCA supplies blood to the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), a core region of central vestibular symptoms. We report on patients that sustained injuries of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC with central vestibular disorder following MCA territory infarction, demonstrated on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nineteen patients with MCA territory infarction and 12 control subjects were recruited. To reconstruct the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC, we defined seed region of interest (ROI) as vestibular nuclei of pons and target ROI as the PIVC. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and tract volume were measured. In the affected hemisphere, FA value of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC revealed significant difference between all patient groups and the control group (P < .05). In contrast, patients with symptoms of ataxia only revealed significant decrement of tract volume compared with the control group (P < .05). Additionally, subgroup B revealed significant decrement of tract volume compared with that of subgroup A and the control group (P < .05). In the unaffected hemisphere, there was no significant difference in all DTI parameters between all patient groups and the control group (P < .05). Injury to the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC was demonstrated in patients that revealed typical central vestibular disorder following MCA territory infarction. Analysis of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC using DTI would be beneficial in clinical evaluation and management of patients with MCA territory infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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17
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Rajagopalan A, Kumar SS, Mukkadan JK. Effect of vestibular stimulation on auditory and visual reaction time in relation to stress. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2017; 8:34-38. [PMID: 28217553 PMCID: PMC5288969 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.197390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to provide scientific evidence and for beneficial effects of vestibular stimulation for the management of stress-induced changes in auditory and visual reaction time (RT). A total of 240 healthy college students of the age group of 18–24 of either gender were a part of this research after obtaining written consent from them. RT for right and left response was measured for two auditory stimuli (low and high pitch) and visual stimuli (red and green) were recorded. A significant decrease in the visual RT for green light and red light was observed and stress-induced changes was effectively prevented followed by vestibular stimulation. Auditory RT for high pitch right and left response was significantly decreased and stress-induced changes was effectively prevented followed by vestibular stimulation. Vestibular stimulation is effective in boosting auditory and visual RT and preventing stress-induced changes in RT in males and females. We recommend incorporation of vestibular stimulation by swinging in our lifestyle for improving cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Sailesh Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Science and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Kurien Mukkadan
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Medical Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India
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18
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Rajagopalan A, Jinu KV, Sailesh KS, Mishra S, Reddy UK, Mukkadan JK. Understanding the links between vestibular and limbic systems regulating emotions. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8:11-15. [PMID: 28250668 PMCID: PMC5320810 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.198350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular system, which consists of structures in the inner ear and brainstem, plays a vital role is body balance and patient well-being. In recent years, modulating this system by vestibular stimulation techniques are reported to be effective in stress relief and possibly patient's emotional well-being. Emotions refer to an aroused state involving intense feeling, autonomic activation, and related change in behavior, which accompany many of our conscious experiences. The limbic system is primarily involved in the regulation of emotions. Considering the extensive networks between vestibular and limbic system, it is likely that vestibular stimulation techniques may be useful in influencing emotions. Hence, we review here, the possible mechanisms through which vestibular system can influence emotions and highlight the necessary knowledge gaps, which warrants further research to develop vestibular stimulation techniques as a means to treat health conditions associated with emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K V Jinu
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Sai Sailesh
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Mishra
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Udaya Kumar Reddy
- International Stress Management Association-India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Joseph Kurien Mukkadan
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Medical Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India
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19
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Abstract
Vestibular signals are integrated with signals from other sensory modalities. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining the perception of the body. Here we review the current literature in order to develop a framework for understanding how the vestibular system contributes to body representation. According to recent models, we distinguish between three processes for body representation, and we look at whether vestibular signals might influence each process. These are (i) somatosensation, the primary sensory processing of somatic stimuli, (ii) somatoperception, the processes of constructing percepts and experiences of somatic objects and events and (iii) somatorepresentation, the knowledge about the body as a physical object in the world. Vestibular signals appear to contribute to all three levels in this model of body processing. Thus, the traditional view of the vestibular system as a low-level, dedicated orienting module tends to underestimate the pervasive role of vestibular input in bodily self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- a Department of Psychology , Royal Holloway University of London , Egham , UK.,b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
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20
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Grabherr L, Macauda G, Lenggenhager B. The Moving History of Vestibular Stimulation as a Therapeutic Intervention. Multisens Res 2016; 28:653-87. [PMID: 26595961 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the discovery and understanding of the function of the vestibular system date back only to the 19th century, strategies that involve vestibular stimulation were used long before to calm, soothe and even cure people. While such stimulation was classically achieved with various motion devices, like Cox's chair or Hallaran's swing, the development of caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation has opened up new possibilities in the 20th century. With the increasing knowledge and recognition of vestibular contributions to various perceptual, motor, cognitive, and emotional processes, vestibular stimulation has been suggested as a powerful and non-invasive treatment for a range of psychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, the therapeutic interventions were, and still are, often not hypothesis-driven as broader theories remain scarce and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are often vague. We aim to critically review the literature on vestibular stimulation as a form of therapy in various selected disorders and present its successes, expectations, and drawbacks from a historical perspective.
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21
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Azañón E, Tamè L, Maravita A, Linkenauger S, Ferrè E, Tajadura-Jiménez A, Longo M. Multimodal Contributions to Body Representation. Multisens Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our body is a unique entity by which we interact with the external world. Consequently, the way we represent our body has profound implications in the way we process and locate sensations and in turn perform appropriate actions. The body can be the subject, but also the object of our experience, providing information from sensations on the body surface and viscera, but also knowledge of the body as a physical object. However, the extent to which different senses contribute to constructing the rich and unified body representations we all experience remains unclear. In this review, we aim to bring together recent research showing important roles for several different sensory modalities in constructing body representations. At the same time, we hope to generate new ideas of how and at which level the senses contribute to generate the different levels of body representations and how they interact. We will present an overview of some of the most recent neuropsychological evidence about multisensory control of pain, and the way that visual, auditory, vestibular and tactile systems contribute to the creation of coherent representations of the body. We will focus particularly on some of the topics discussed in the symposium on Multimodal Contributions to Body Representation held on the 15th International Multisensory Research Forum (2015, Pisa, Italy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azañón
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
| | - Luigi Tamè
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
| | - Angelo Maravita
- Department of Psychology, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Neuromi: Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elisa R. Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK
| | - Ana Tajadura-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Humana, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Spain
- UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, UK
| | - Matthew R. Longo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, London, UK
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22
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Ferrè ER, Haggard P, Bottini G, Iannetti GD. Caloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:3393-401. [PMID: 26282602 PMCID: PMC4868137 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular stimulation has been reported to alleviate central pain. Clinical and physiological studies confirm pervasive interactions between vestibular signals and somatosensory circuits, including nociception. However, the neural mechanisms underlying vestibular-induced analgesia remain unclear, and previous clinical studies cannot rule out explanations based on alternative, non-specific effects such as distraction or placebo. To investigate how vestibular inputs influence nociception, we combined caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) with psychophysical and electrocortical responses elicited by nociceptive-specific laser stimulation in humans (laser-evoked potentials, LEPs). Cold water CVS applied to the left ear resulted in significantly lower subjective pain intensity for experimental laser pain to the left hand immediately after CVS, relative both to before CVS and to 1 h after CVS. This transient reduction in pain perception was associated with reduced amplitude of all LEP components, including the early N1 wave reflecting the first arrival of nociceptive input to primary somatosensory cortex. We conclude that cold left ear CVS elicits a modulation of both nociceptive processing and pain perception. The analgesic effect induced by CVS could be mediated either by subcortical gating of the ascending nociceptive input, or by direct modulation of the primary somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Domenico Iannetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Pfeiffer C, van Elk M, Bernasconi F, Blanke O. Distinct vestibular effects on early and late somatosensory cortical processing in humans. Neuroimage 2015; 125:208-219. [PMID: 26466979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-human primates several brain areas contain neurons that respond to both vestibular and somatosensory stimulation. In humans, vestibular stimulation activates several somatosensory brain regions and improves tactile perception. However, less is known about the spatio-temporal dynamics of such vestibular-somatosensory interactions in the human brain. To address this issue, we recorded high-density electroencephalography during left median nerve electrical stimulation to obtain Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs). We analyzed SEPs during vestibular activation following sudden decelerations from constant-velocity (90°/s and 60°/s) earth-vertical axis yaw rotations and SEPs during a non-vestibular control period. SEP analysis revealed two distinct temporal effects of vestibular activation: An early effect (28-32ms post-stimulus) characterized by vestibular suppression of SEP response strength that depended on rotation velocity and a later effect (97-112ms post-stimulus) characterized by vestibular modulation of SEP topographical pattern that was rotation velocity-independent. Source estimation localized these vestibular effects, during both time periods, to activation differences in a distributed cortical network including the right postcentral gyrus, right insula, left precuneus, and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex. These results suggest that vestibular-somatosensory interactions in humans depend on processing in specific time periods in somatosensory and vestibular cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfeiffer
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University and University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Michiel van Elk
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fosco Bernasconi
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
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24
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Mouchnino L, Fontan A, Tandonnet C, Perrier J, Saradjian AH, Saradjian A, Blouin J, Simoneau M. Facilitation of cutaneous inputs during the planning phase of gait initiation. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:301-8. [PMID: 25925329 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00668.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that during the planning of a voluntary movement the transmission of cutaneous afferent inputs to the somatosensory cortex is attenuated shortly before the motor output as well as during movement execution. However, it is not known whether the sensory suppression observed during the planning phase (i.e., before any movement execution) is a systemic phenomenon or whether it is dependent on movement context. For example, movements such as step initiation are controlled based on information received from cutaneous receptors in the feet. Because afferent information emerging from these receptors is critical for movement initiation, we hypothesized that suppression of these inputs may not occur during the planning phase prior to gait initiation. To examine this hypothesis we measured the cortical response to somatosensory stimulation during the planning phase of step initiation and during movement execution. Sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the cortical somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP, over the Cz electrode) following electrical stimulations of the plantar sole of one foot. Two stimulations were provided during the planning phase of a step movement and two stimulations during movement execution. It was found that the P50-N80 SEP was facilitated in the early planning phase (-700 ms before motor execution) compared with when participants remained still (control standing task). This mechanism might contribute to an enhanced perception of cutaneous input leading to a more accurate setting of the forces to be exerted onto the ground to shift the body's weight toward the supporting side prior to foot-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mouchnino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France;
| | - Aurélie Fontan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Tandonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Marseille, France
| | - Joy Perrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anahid Saradjian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Faculté de médecine, Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Age-related decline in functional connectivity of the vestibular cortical network. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:1443-63. [PMID: 25567421 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the elderly, major complaints include dizziness and an increasing number of falls, possibly related to an altered processing of vestibular sensory input. In this study, we therefore investigate age-related changes induced by processing of vestibular sensory stimulation. While previous functional imaging studies of healthy aging have investigated brain function during task performance or at rest, we used galvanic vestibular stimulation during functional MRI in a task-free sensory stimulation paradigm to study the effect of healthy aging on central vestibular processing, which might only become apparent during stimulation processing. Since aging may affect signatures of brain function beyond the BOLD-signal amplitude-such as functional connectivity or temporal signal variability--we employed independent component analysis and partial least squares analysis of temporal signal variability. We tested for age-associated changes unrelated to vestibular processing, using a motor paradigm, voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging. This allows us to control for general age-related modifications, possibly originating from vascular, atrophic or structural connectivity changes. Age-correlated decreases of functional connectivity and increases of BOLD--signal variability were associated with multisensory vestibular networks. In contrast, no age-related functional connectivity changes were detected in somatosensory networks or during the motor paradigm. The functional connectivity decrease was not due to structural changes but to a decrease in response amplitude. In synopsis, our data suggest that both the age-dependent functional connectivity decrease and the variability increase may be due to deteriorating reciprocal cortico-cortical inhibition with age and related to multimodal vestibular integration of sensory inputs.
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26
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Ferrè ER, Haggard P. Vestibular–Somatosensory Interactions: A Mechanism in Search of a Function? Multisens Res 2015; 28:559-79. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the human brain. Rather, vestibular inputs are strongly integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision, touch and proprioception. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining a perception of the body, including individual body parts, relative to the rest of the environment. Neuroimaging, electrophysiological and psychophysical studies showed evidence for multisensory interactions between vestibular and somatosensory signals. However, no convincing overall theoretical framework has been proposed for vestibular–somatosensory interactions, and it remains unclear whether such percepts are by-products of neural convergence, or a functional multimodal integration. Here we review the current literature on vestibular–multisensory interactions in order to develop a framework for understanding the functions of such multimodal interaction. We propose that the target of vestibular–somatosensory interactions is a form of self-representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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27
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Bottini G, Gandola M. Beyond the Non-Specific Attentional Effect of Caloric Vestibular Stimulation: Evidence from Healthy Subjects and Patients. Multisens Res 2015; 28:591-612. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) is a simple physiological manipulation that has been used for a long time in different clinical fields due to its rapid and relevant effects on behaviour. One of the most debated issues in this research field concerns the degree of specificity of such stimulation, namely whether the effects of CVS can be, and to what extent are, independent of the mere influence of non-specific factors such as general arousal, ocular movements or attentional shift towards the stimulated side. The hypothesis that CVS might cause a shift of attention towards the side of the stimulation has been largely supported; moreover, a large amount of evidence is available nowadays to corroborate the specific effect of CVS, providing behavioural and neurophysiological data in both patients and normal subjects. These data converge in indicating that the effects of CVS can be independent of eye deviation and general arousal, can modulate different symptoms in different directions, and do not merely depend on a general shift of attention. The present article is divided into three main sections. In the first section, we describe classical studies that investigate the effects of CVS on neglect and related symptoms. In the second and third parts, we provide an overview of the modulatory effects of CVS on somatosensory processes and body representation in both brain-damaged patients and healthy subjects. Finally, we conclude by discussing the relevance of these new findings for the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
- NeuroMi — Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- NeuroMi — Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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28
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Gomza YY, Mösges R. The Treatment of Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction Using Caloric Vestibular Stimulation in Patients with Cerebral Hypertensive Crisis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2015.43039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Della-Justina HM, Gamba HR, Lukasova K, Nucci-da-Silva MP, Winkler AM, Amaro E. Interaction of brain areas of visual and vestibular simultaneous activity with fMRI. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:237-52. [PMID: 25300959 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Static body equilibrium is an essential requisite for human daily life. It is known that visual and vestibular systems must work together to support equilibrium. However, the relationship between these two systems is not fully understood. In this work, we present the results of a study which identify the interaction of brain areas that are involved with concurrent visual and vestibular inputs. The visual and the vestibular systems were individually and simultaneously stimulated, using flickering checkerboard (without movement stimulus) and galvanic current, during experiments of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-four right-handed and non-symptomatic subjects participated in this study. Single visual stimulation shows positive blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses (PBR) in the primary and associative visual cortices. Single vestibular stimulation shows PBR in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex, inferior parietal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and lobules V and VI of the cerebellar hemisphere. Simultaneous stimulation shows PBR in the middle and inferior frontal gyri and in the precentral gyrus. Vestibular- and somatosensory-related areas show negative BOLD responses (NBR) during simultaneous stimulation. NBR areas were also observed in the calcarine gyrus, lingual gyrus, cuneus and precuneus during simultaneous and single visual stimulations. For static visual and galvanic vestibular simultaneous stimulation, the reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction pattern is observed in our results. The experimental results revealed interactions in frontal areas during concurrent visual-vestibular stimuli, which are affected by intermodal association areas in occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen M Della-Justina
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Parana, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, Curitiba, PR, 80230-901, Brazil,
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30
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Illusory self-motion perception evoked by caloric vestibular stimulation in sitting versus supine body positions. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Saradjian AH, Paleressompoulle D, Louber D, Coyle T, Blouin J, Mouchnino L. Do gravity-related sensory information enable the enhancement of cortical proprioceptive inputs when planning a step in microgravity? PLoS One 2014; 9:e108636. [PMID: 25259838 PMCID: PMC4178185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that the cortical response to proprioceptive stimulation was greater when participants were planning a step than when they stood still, and that this sensory facilitation was suppressed in microgravity. The aim of the present study was to test whether the absence of gravity-related sensory afferents during movement planning in microgravity prevented the proprioceptive cortical processing to be enhanced. We reestablished a reference frame in microgravity by providing and translating a horizontal support on which the participants were standing and verified whether this procedure restored the proprioceptive facilitation. The slight translation of the base of support (lateral direction), which occurred prior to step initiation, stimulated at least cutaneous and vestibular receptors. The sensitivity to proprioceptive stimulation was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the cortical somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP, over the Cz electrode) following the vibration of the leg muscle. The vibration lasted 1 s and the participants were asked to either initiate a step at the vibration offset or to remain still. We found that the early SEP (90-160 ms) was smaller when the platform was translated than when it remained stationary, revealing the existence of an interference phenomenon (i.e., when proprioceptive stimulation is preceded by the stimulation of different sensory modalities evoked by the platform translation). By contrast, the late SEP (550 ms post proprioceptive stimulation onset) was greater when the translation preceded the vibration compared to a condition without pre-stimulation (i.e., no translation). This suggests that restoring a body reference system which is impaired in microgravity allowed a greater proprioceptive cortical processing. Importantly, however, the late SEP was similarly increased when participants either produced a step or remained still. We propose that the absence of step-induced facilitation of proprioceptive cortical processing results from a decreased weight of proprioception in the absence of balance constraints in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid H. Saradjian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Dany Paleressompoulle
- Fédération de Recherche 3C Comportement-Cerveau-Cognition, CNRS -Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Louber
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Hashimoto T, Taoka M, Obayashi S, Hara Y, Tanaka M, Iriki A. Modulation of cortical vestibular processing by somatosensory inputs in the posterior insula. Brain Inj 2014; 27:1685-91. [PMID: 24266797 PMCID: PMC3854664 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.831128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary objective To study the mechanism of somatosensory-vestibular interactions, this study examined the effects of somatosensory inputs on body sway induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in healthy participants and persons with brain injury in the posterior insula, a region constituting a part of the parietoinsular vestibular cortex. Research design This study adopted an experimental, controlled, repeated measures design. Methods and procedures Participants were 11 healthy individuals, two persons with unilateral posterior insular injury and two age-matched controls. Bipolar GVS was applied to the mastoid processes while participants were sitting with their eyes closed, either lightly touching a stable surface with their index finger or not touching the surface with their index finger. Main outcomes and results In healthy participants, tilting was greater with right hemispheric stimulation than with left hemispheric stimulation. Moreover, with right hemispheric stimulation, tilting was greater with a right finger touch than with no touch. The person with right-brain injury showed tilting induced by GVS; however, finger touch had no modulatory effect. In contrast, finger touch enhanced tilting in the person with left-brain injury. Conclusions These preliminary results are discussed in light of a hypothesis of right hemispheric dominance of somatosensory-vestibular interactions in the posterior insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako , Japan and
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Noll-Hussong M, Holzapfel S, Pokorny D, Herberger S. Caloric vestibular stimulation as a treatment for conversion disorder: a case report and medical hypothesis. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24917828 PMCID: PMC4040883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion disorder is a medical condition in which a person has paralysis, blindness, or other neurological symptoms that cannot be clearly explained physiologically. To date, there is neither specific nor conclusive treatment. In this paper, we draw together a number of disparate pieces of knowledge to propose a novel intervention to provide transient alleviation for this condition. As caloric vestibular stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate a variety of cognitive functions associated with brain activations, especially in the temporal-parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex, there is evidence to assume an effect in specific mental disorders. Therefore, we go on to hypothesize that lateralized cold vestibular caloric stimulation will be effective in treating conversion disorder and we present provisional evidence from one patient that supports this conclusion. If our hypothesis is correct, this will be the first time in psychiatry and neurology that a clinically well-known mental disorder, long considered difficult to understand and to treat, is relieved by a simple or common, non-invasive medical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Noll-Hussong
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie des Universitaetsklinikums Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Holzapfel
- Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Dan Pokorny
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie des Universitaetsklinikums Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Herberger
- Klinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie des Klinikums Muenchen-Harlaching, Muenchen, Germany
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Mast FW, Preuss N, Hartmann M, Grabherr L. Spatial cognition, body representation and affective processes: the role of vestibular information beyond ocular reflexes and control of posture. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:44. [PMID: 24904327 PMCID: PMC4035009 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies in humans demonstrate the involvement of vestibular information in tasks that are seemingly remote from well-known functions such as space constancy or postural control. In this review article we point out three emerging streams of research highlighting the importance of vestibular input: (1) Spatial Cognition: Modulation of vestibular signals can induce specific changes in spatial cognitive tasks like mental imagery and the processing of numbers. This has been shown in studies manipulating body orientation (changing the input from the otoliths), body rotation (changing the input from the semicircular canals), in clinical findings with vestibular patients, and in studies carried out in microgravity. There is also an effect in the reverse direction; top-down processes can affect perception of vestibular stimuli. (2) Body Representation: Numerous studies demonstrate that vestibular stimulation changes the representation of body parts, and sensitivity to tactile input or pain. Thus, the vestibular system plays an integral role in multisensory coordination of body representation. (3) Affective Processes and Disorders: Studies in psychiatric patients and patients with a vestibular disorder report a high comorbidity of vestibular dysfunctions and psychiatric symptoms. Recent studies investigated the beneficial effect of vestibular stimulation on psychiatric disorders, and how vestibular input can change mood and affect. These three emerging streams of research in vestibular science are-at least in part-associated with different neuronal core mechanisms. Spatial transformations draw on parietal areas, body representation is associated with somatosensory areas, and affective processes involve insular and cingulate cortices, all of which receive vestibular input. Even though a wide range of different vestibular cortical projection areas has been ascertained, their functionality still is scarcely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred W Mast
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora Preuss
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luzia Grabherr
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Shinder ME, Newlands SD. Sensory convergence in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:2445-64. [PMID: 24671533 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00731.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals are pervasive throughout the central nervous system, including the cortex, where they likely play different roles than they do in the better studied brainstem. Little is known about the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), an area of the cortex with prominent vestibular inputs. Neural activity was recorded in the PIVC of rhesus macaques during combinations of head, body, and visual target rotations. Activity of many PIVC neurons was correlated with the motion of the head in space (vestibular), the twist of the neck (proprioceptive), and the motion of a visual target, but was not associated with eye movement. PIVC neurons responded most commonly to more than one stimulus, and responses to combined movements could often be approximated by a combination of the individual sensitivities to head, neck, and target motion. The pattern of visual, vestibular, and somatic sensitivities on PIVC neurons displayed a continuous range, with some cells strongly responding to one or two of the stimulus modalities while other cells responded to any type of motion equivalently. The PIVC contains multisensory convergence of self-motion cues with external visual object motion information, such that neurons do not represent a specific transformation of any one sensory input. Instead, the PIVC neuron population may define the movement of head, body, and external visual objects in space and relative to one another. This comparison of self and external movement is consistent with insular cortex functions related to monitoring and explains many disparate findings of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Shinder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ferrè ER, Kaliuzhna M, Herbelin B, Haggard P, Blanke O. Vestibular-somatosensory interactions: effects of passive whole-body rotation on somatosensory detection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86379. [PMID: 24466064 PMCID: PMC3897730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals are strongly integrated with information from several other sensory modalities. For example, vestibular stimulation was reported to improve tactile detection. However, this improvement could reflect either a multimodal interaction or an indirect interaction driven by vestibular effects on spatial attention and orienting. Here we investigate whether natural vestibular activation induced by passive whole-body rotation influences tactile detection. In particular, we assessed the ability to detect faint tactile stimuli to the fingertips of the left and right hand during spatially congruent or incongruent rotations. We found that passive whole-body rotations significantly enhanced sensitivity to faint shocks, without affecting response bias. Critically, this enhancement of somatosensory sensitivity did not depend on the spatial congruency between the direction of rotation and the hand stimulated. Thus, our results support a multimodal interaction, likely in brain areas receiving both vestibular and somatosensory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raffaella Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lopez C. A neuroscientific account of how vestibular disorders impair bodily self-consciousness. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:91. [PMID: 24367303 PMCID: PMC3853866 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of vestibular disorders on balance, oculomotor control, and self-motion perception have been extensively described in humans and animals. More recently, vestibular disorders have been related to cognitive deficits in spatial navigation and memory tasks. Less frequently, abnormal bodily perceptions have been described in patients with vestibular disorders. Altered forms of bodily self-consciousness include distorted body image and body schema, disembodied self-location (out-of-body experience), altered sense of agency, as well as more complex experiences of dissociation and detachment from the self (depersonalization). In this article, I suggest that vestibular disorders create sensory conflict or mismatch in multisensory brain regions, producing perceptual incoherence and abnormal body and self perceptions. This hypothesis is based on recent functional mapping of the human vestibular cortex, showing vestibular projections to the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex and in several multisensory areas found to be crucial for bodily self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lopez
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives - UMR 7260, Centre Saint Charles, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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Bottini G, Gandola M, Sedda A, Ferrè ER. Caloric vestibular stimulation: interaction between somatosensory system and vestibular apparatus. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:66. [PMID: 24062651 PMCID: PMC3774982 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy ; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Italy
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Baier B, Zu Eulenburg P, Best C, Geber C, Müller-Forell W, Birklein F, Dieterich M. Posterior insular cortex - a site of vestibular-somatosensory interaction? Brain Behav 2013; 3:519-24. [PMID: 24392273 PMCID: PMC3869980 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous imaging studies the insular cortex (IC) has been identified as an essential part of the processing of a wide spectrum of perception and sensorimotor integration. Yet, there are no systematic lesion studies in a sufficient number of patients examining whether processing of vestibular and the interaction of somatosensory and vestibular signals take place in the IC. Methods We investigated acute stroke patients with lesions affecting the IC in order to fill this gap. In detail, we explored signs of a vestibular tone imbalance such as the deviation of the subjective visual vertical (SVV). We applied voxel-lesion behaviour mapping analysis in 27 patients with acute unilateral stroke. Results Our data demonstrate that patients with lesions of the posterior IC have an abnormal tilt of SVV. Furthermore, re-analysing data of 20 patients from a previous study, we found a positive correlation between thermal perception contralateral to the stroke and the severity of the SVV tilt. Conclusions We conclude that the IC is a sensory brain region where different modalities might interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Baier
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Zu Eulenburg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Best
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Geber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Wibke Müller-Forell
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany ; Department of Neurology and German Vertigo/Dizziness Center IFB, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Ferrè ER, Vagnoni E, Haggard P. Vestibular contributions to bodily awareness. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1445-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ferrè ER, Day BL, Bottini G, Haggard P. How the vestibular system interacts with somatosensory perception: a sham-controlled study with galvanic vestibular stimulation. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:35-40. [PMID: 23827220 PMCID: PMC3988931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Left anodal galvanic vestibular stimulation increased tactile sensitivity. No effects induced by sham stimulation or right anodal galvanic vestibular stimulation. Even brief (100 ms) pulses of vestibular stimulation enhanced somatosensory detection. Vestibular projections in the right hemisphere modulates somatosensory processing.
The vestibular system has widespread interactions with other sensory modalities. Here we investigate whether vestibular stimulation modulates somatosensory function, by assessing the ability to detect faint tactile stimuli to the fingertips of the left and right hand with or without galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). We found that left anodal and right cathodal GVS, significantly enhanced sensitivity to mild shocks on either hand, without affecting response bias. There was no such effect with either right anodal and left cathodal GVS or sham stimulation. Further, the enhancement of somatosensory sensitivity following GVS does not strongly depend on the duration of GVS, or the interval between GVS and tactile stimulation. Vestibular inputs reach the somatosensory cortex, increasing the sensitivity of perceptual circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Ferrè
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
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