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Murphy J, Patel A, Hughes S, Rehousek P, Drake J, Sumathi V, Botchu R, Mark Davies A. Bone metastases from chondroblastoma: a rare pattern of metastatic disease in an adult. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1219-1224. [PMID: 37934213 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondroblastoma is a rare benign tumor, typically presenting in the first two decades. Systemic metastases in chondroblastoma are extremely rare and it is the rarity of these metastases which lead the World Health Organisation to re-classify this lesion from "intermediate" to "benign" in its updated classification of bone tumors in 2020. We present an unusual case of a 55 year-old male patient who presented with multiple FDG-avid bone lesions on a background of conventional chondroblastoma of the rib excised at another institution 11-years previously. Two of these lesions were also histologically-proven as conventional chondroblastoma at biopsy. This case highlights that, although rare, metastases can be seen in patients with chondroblastoma. To our knowledge, this is the only case with an unusual pattern of metastases limited to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Anish Patel
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Hughes
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Petr Rehousek
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Drake
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vaiyapuri Sumathi
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Mark Davies
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Murphy J, Patel A, Hughes S, Rehousek P, Drake J, Sumathi V, Botchu R, Davies AM. Correction to: Bone metastases from chondroblastoma: a rare pattern of metastatic disease in an adult. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1225. [PMID: 37991555 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Anish Patel
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Hughes
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Petr Rehousek
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Drake
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vaiyapuri Sumathi
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Mark Davies
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Murphy J, Rajakulasingam R, Iqbal A, Azzopardi C, Botchu R, Davies AM. The use of the flow-void sign on MRI: highly sensitive sign in detecting bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:917-922. [PMID: 37957342 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a range of pathologically proven malignant bone tumours, including primary bone sarcoma and metastatic bone lesions, referred to a tertiary referral centre for the presence of the flow-void sign on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective search was performed using the radiology information system and oncology database in our institution to identify patients over the age of 40 years referred with a solitary bone lesion. Patients with a range of pathologically proven malignant bone tumours, including primary bone tumours and metastatic bone lesions, were included in the study. MRI images were reviewed for the presence of the flow-void sign. The presence and type of the flow-void sign were correlated with lesion size. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-six cases were included in the study. Overall, the flow-void sign was identified in 40.9% of cases. The flow-void sign was most frequently seen in renal cell carcinoma metastasis (90.0%). The sign is highly sensitive (90%) for renal cell carcinoma metastases with a high negative predictive value (98.09%). When the flow-void sign is identified, the lesion is almost three times more likely to represent a renal cell carcinoma metastasis than any other malignant tumour in patients over the age of 40 years with a solitary bone lesion. CONCLUSION The flow-void sign is highly sensitive for renal cell carcinoma bone metastases and could negate the need for biopsy in patients with a known history of renal cell carcinoma or in whom an occult renal cell carcinoma is subsequently identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Ramanan Rajakulasingam
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Aamer Iqbal
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Christine Azzopardi
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - A Mark Davies
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
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Kim Y, Murphy J, Craft K, Waters L, Gooden BI. "It's just a constant concern in the back of my mind": Lived experiences of college food insecurity. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:980-987. [PMID: 35471945 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2064714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Food insecurity is a growing concern to the health and wellbeing of college students. This study aims to examine the lived experiences of students at-risk of food insecurity and associated challenges in a public urban campus. Participants: The study recruited 21 college students at risk of food insecurity using purposive sampling. Methods: We performed qualitative interviews with three focus groups and conducted a thematic analysis to explore themes that emerged from participant discussions. Results: Three central themes emerged from our qualitative analysis: (a) barriers to accessing stable and healthy food; (b) impacts of food insecurity on academic performance and physical and mental health; and (c) coping strategies for navigating food insecurity. Conclusions: The study highlights the distinct natures of food hardship and responses specific to urban public college students. Suggestions for academics and college administrators to mitigate college food insecurity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kaija Craft
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Leland Waters
- Virginia Geriatric Education Center, Virginia Center on Aging, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Basil I Gooden
- United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
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McLean K, Murphy J, Kruis N. "I think we're getting better but we're still not there": Provider-based stigma and perceived barriers to care for people who use opioids (PWUO). J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 159:209270. [PMID: 38103831 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant efforts to improve access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), uptake remains low relative to the scope of the problem in the United States. A growing body of quantitative and qualitative research has documented consistent barriers to MOUD treatment access and retention, at the level of individuals, institutions, and society at large. Stigma - surrounding both people who use opioids (PWUO) and treatment using MOUD - is among the most-cited barriers by patients and providers alike, yet few studies have examined provider-based stigma specifically, or considered its interaction with other impediments to OUD care. METHODS This paper employs a qualitative approach to the analysis of provider-based stigma among professionals involved in the treatment or supervision of individuals with OUD. We conducted and analyzed interviews with 19 professionals as part of a larger mixed methods study on stigma among substance use treatment providers and court personnel in Pennsylvania. Beyond capturing providers' perceptions of PWUO and MOUD, the authors asked participants to describe barriers to recovery, and the effective delivery of care within this population. RESULTS Interviewees enumerated multiple entrenched barriers that sometimes operated at different levels, such as criminal-legal involvement, which weakened PWUO's social networks and employment prospects, while undermining providers' attempts at continuity of care; moreover, participants cited the "War on Drugs" as an overarching impediment to effective substance use treatment, not least for its role in perpetuating stigma against PWUO. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, while an overwhelming majority of participants named stigma as a barrier to treatment at every level, most also articulated stigmatizing beliefs around PWUO. Namely, providers evoked one element of stigma - blameworthiness - in their contention that many PWUO are inadequately motivated to recover. In addition to adding further complexity to MOUD barriers research, this study troubles the notion that professional training and education on the disease model of addiction serve to eradicate stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine McLean
- Penn State Greater Allegheny, 4000 University Dr., McKeesport, PA 15131, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Penn State Berks, 1801 Broadcasting Rd, Reading, PA 19610, United States of America.
| | - Nathan Kruis
- Penn State Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, United States of America.
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Schmidt M, Carlson LJ, Murphy J, Amin SR, Lockhorst R, Luedtke K. Standardization of key performance indicators and metrics for investigational drug services (IDS): Consensus recommendations among IDS specialists. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024:zxae061. [PMID: 38502866 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE There are currently no consensus guidelines on establishing metrics for investigational drug services (IDS). Because of the complexity of research protocols, it remains difficult for sites to track pharmacy productivity and create a baseline for IDS growth within the institution, as well as to perform benchmarking with peer institutions. The goal of this study was to help establish practical guidance for IDS metrics and site utility as applicable. METHODS This was a survey-based project conducted by the metrics subgroup of the Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association (HOPA) IDS special interest group (SIG), which was formed specifically for this analysis. Three surveys developed by the metrics subgroup were sent to members of the IDS HOPA SIG to gather metrics. The first survey included questions about what metrics IDS sites currently collect. The identified metrics were then condensed into categories. Through a consensus-based approach, standardized definitions were established and applied to future surveys. The 2 subsequent surveys sent to HOPA SIG members helped create a list of top recommended metrics that are recommended for every IDS site to track. RESULTS A total of 3 surveys were sent to 75 recipients, with the response rate ranging from 24% to 38%. From these surveys and consensus with the metrics subgroup, 5 top recommended metrics were identified: (1) active protocols; (2) dispenses; (3) new clinical trials initiated; (4) patients treated; and (5) clinical interventions. CONCLUSION These recommended metrics should serve as guidance and allow for standardization to help ensure adequate resources are available for IDS pharmacy staff. These recommendations should serve as a basis for standardization and benchmarking with peer institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Schmidt
- Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Murphy
- UC Davis Medical Center, Davis, CA, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle Luedtke
- University of Virginia Health System, City, VA, USA
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Murphy J, Bird G. Auditing measures of interoceptive accuracy: Important clarifications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105557. [PMID: 38244955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Viding E, Lloyd A, Law R, Martin P, Lucas L, Wu TCH, Steinbeis N, Midgley N, Veenstra R, Smith J, Ly L, Bird G, Murphy J, Plans D, Munafo M, Penton-Voak I, Deighton J, Richards K, Richards M, Fearon P. Trial protocol for the Building Resilience through Socio-Emotional Training (ReSET) programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a new transdiagnostic preventative intervention for adolescents. Trials 2024; 25:143. [PMID: 38395922 PMCID: PMC10885387 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to developing mental health problems, and rates of mental health disorder in this age group have increased in the last decade. Preventing mental health problems developing before they become entrenched, particularly in adolescents who are at high risk, is an important research and clinical target. Here, we report the protocol for the trial of the 'Building Resilience through Socioemotional Training' (ReSET) intervention. ReSET is a new, preventative intervention that incorporates individual-based emotional training techniques and group-based social and communication skills training. We take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing on emotion processing and social mechanisms implicated in the onset and maintenance of various forms of psychopathology. METHODS A cluster randomised allocation design is adopted with randomisation at the school year level. Five-hundred and forty adolescents (aged 12-14) will be randomised to either receive the intervention or not (passive control). The intervention is comprised of weekly sessions over an 8-week period, supplemented by two individual sessions. The primary outcomes, psychopathology symptoms and mental wellbeing, will be assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at a 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes are task-based assessments of emotion processing, social network data based on peer nominations, and subjective ratings of social relationships. These measures will be taken at baseline, post-intervention and 1-year follow-up. A subgroup of participants and stakeholders will be invited to take part in focus groups to assess the acceptability of the intervention. DISCUSSION This project adopts a theory-based approach to the development of a new intervention designed to target the close connections between young people's emotions and their interpersonal relationships. By embedding the intervention within a school setting and using a cluster-randomised design, we aim to develop and test a feasible, scalable intervention to prevent the onset of psychopathology in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN88585916. Trial registration date: 20/04/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Viding
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Roslyn Law
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Peter Martin
- Applied Health Research Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Lucas
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Tom Chin-Han Wu
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Nick Midgley
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Germany
| | - Jaime Smith
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Lili Ly
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Plans
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Munafo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ian Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | | | | | - Pasco Fearon
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in interest in interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals. This interest has been coupled by increased concerns regarding the measurement and conceptualisation of interoception. Focusing on cardiac interoceptive accuracy, I outline what I believe to be the most pressing issues in the field of interoception-specifically the continued reliance on the heartbeat counting task. I then provide an overview of what I believe to be more general limitations concerning how we measure and conceptualise individual differences in interoception and suggestions for a way forward. Specifically, I believe that by moving beyond single measurements, establishing optimal levels of interoceptive accuracy, and refocusing from accuracy to propensity, we may be able to uncover the real-life relevance of interoceptive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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Todd J, Plans D, Lee MC, Bird JM, Morelli D, Cunningham A, Ponzo S, Murphy J, Bird G, Aspell JE. Heightened interoception in adults with fibromyalgia. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108761. [PMID: 38309512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that the processing of internal body sensations (interoception) affects how we experience pain. Some evidence suggests that people with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) - a condition characterised by chronic pain and fatigue - may have altered interoceptive processing. However, extant findings are inconclusive, and some tasks previously used to measure interoception are of questionable validity. Here, we used an alternative measure - the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT) - to examine cardiac interoceptive accuracy in adults with FMS. We examined: (i) the tolerability of the PAT in an FMS sample (N = 154); (ii) if there are differences in facets of interoception (PAT performance, PAT-related confidence, and scores on the Private Body Consciousness Scale) between an FMS sample and an age- and gender-matched pain-free sample (N = 94); and (iii) if subgroups of participants with FMS are identifiable according to interoceptive accuracy levels. We found the PAT was tolerable in the FMS sample, with additional task breaks and a recommended hand posture. The FMS sample were more likely to be classified as 'interoceptive' on the PAT, and had significantly higher self-reported interoception compared to the pain-free sample. Within the FMS sample, we identified a subgroup who demonstrated very strong evidence of being interoceptive, and concurrently had lower fibromyalgia symptom impact (although the effect size was small). Conversely, self-reported interoception was positively correlated with FMS symptom severity and impact. Overall, interoception may be an important factor to consider in understanding and managing FMS symptoms. We recommend future longitudinal work to better understand associations between fluctuating FMS symptoms and interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - David Plans
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Huma Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Bird
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Morelli
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sonia Ponzo
- Huma Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Murphy J, Schafer L, Mize S. Correction to: Differing field methods and site conditions lead to varying bias in suspended sediment concentrations in the Lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:100. [PMID: 38157072 PMCID: PMC10756883 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- US Geological Survey, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - L Schafer
- US Geological Survey, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - S Mize
- US Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Prentice-Mott G, Odhiambo A, Conners EE, Mwaki A, Blackstock AJ, Oremo J, Akelo O, Eleveld A, Quick R, Murphy J, Berendes DM. Evaluation of SaTo pans as a new latrine technology in Kisumu County healthcare facilities, Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:881-889. [PMID: 37940633 PMCID: PMC10886420 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innovations to improve public sanitation facilities, especially in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries, are limited. SaTo pans represent novel, largely untested, modifications to reduce odour and flies and improve acceptability of HCF sanitation facilities. We conducted a pilot project to evaluate acceptability, cleanliness, flies and odour within latrines in 37 HCFs in Kisumu, Kenya, randomised into intervention (SaTo pan modifications) and control arms by sub-county and HCF level. METHODS At baseline (pre-intervention) and endline (>3 months after completion of SaTo pan installations in latrines in intervention HCFs), we surveyed users, cleaners and in-charges, observed odour and cleanliness, and assessed flies using fly tape. Unadjusted difference-in-difference analysis compared changes from baseline to endline in patient-reported acceptability and observed latrine conditions between intervention and control HCFs. A secondary assessment compared patient-reported acceptability following use of SaTo pan versus non-SaTo pan latrines within intervention HCFs. RESULTS Patient-reported acceptability of latrines was higher following the intervention (baseline: 87%, endline: 96%, p = 0.05). However, patient-reported acceptability was also high in the control arm (79%, 86%, p = 0.34), and the between-arm difference-in-difference was not significant. Enumerator-observed odour declined in intervention latrines (32%-14%) compared with controls (36%-51%, difference-in-difference ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.12-0.84), but changes in flies, puddling of urine and visible faeces did not differ between arms. In the secondary assessment, fewer intervention than control latrines had patient-reported flies (0% vs. 26%) and odour (18% vs. 50%), and reported satisfaction was greater. Most cleaners reported dropholes and floors were easier to clean in intervention versus controls; limited challenges with water for flushing were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest SaTo pans may be acceptable by cleaners and users and reduce odour in HCF sanitation facilities, though challenges exist and further evaluation with larger sample sizes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Prentice-Mott
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Erin E Conners
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex Mwaki
- EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Anna J Blackstock
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jared Oremo
- EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Oscar Akelo
- EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Alie Eleveld
- EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Robert Quick
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David M Berendes
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Al-Qudsi A, Mittal D, Mercuri L, Shah B, Emmerling M, Murphy J. Utilization of extended temporomandibular joint replacements in patients with hemifacial microsomia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 52:1216-1220. [PMID: 37268548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) patients may benefit from extended temporomandibular joint replacements (eTMJR) to improve function and quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was sent to surgeons who place alloplastic temporomandibular joints regarding their experience with and complications encountered when placing eTMJR in patients with HFM. Fifty-nine responded to the survey. Thirty-six (61.0%) reported treating patients with HFM and 30 (50.8%) of those reported placing an alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis for patients with HFM. Twenty-three of the 30 surgeons (76.7%) placing alloplastic TMJ prostheses reported using an eTMJR in patients with HFM. The average maximum inter-incisal opening (MIO) after an eTMJR in HFM patients was repor ted as> 25 mm by 82.6% of the participants, and between 16 mm and 25 mm by 17.4%. No participants reported MIO < 15 mm. To avoid condylar sag and open bite changes postoperatively, over 70% reported using some form of modification to stabilize the occlusion. Respondents reported good functional outcomes for eTMJR in patients with HFM with relatively few complications. Therefore, eTMJR could be considered a viable option in the management of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Qudsi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - D Mittal
- College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - L Mercuri
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Shah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Emmerling
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Murphy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Macnamara EF, Loydpierson A, Latour YL, D'Souza P, Murphy J, Wolfe L, Estwick T, Johnston JM, Yang J, Acosta MT, Lee PR, Pierson TM, Soldatos A, Toro C, Markello T, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Yousef M, Tifft CJ. Risks and benefits of anesthesia for combined pediatric procedures in the NIH undiagnosed diseases program. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107707. [PMID: 37883914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) aims to provide diagnoses to patients who have previously received exhaustive evaluations yet remain undiagnosed. Patients undergo procedural anesthesia for deep phenotyping for analysis with genomic testing. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the safety and benefit of procedural anesthesia in pediatric patients in the UDP. Adverse perioperative events were classified as anesthesia-related complications or peri-procedural complications. The contribution of procedures performed under anesthesia to arriving at a diagnosis was also determined. RESULTS From 2008 to 2020, 249 pediatric patients in the UDP underwent anesthesia for diagnostic procedures. The majority had a severe systemic disease (American Society for Anesthesiology status III, 79%) and/or a neurologic condition (91%). Perioperative events occurred in 45 patients; six of these were attributed to anesthesia. All patients recovered fully without sequelae. Nearly half of the 249 patients (49%) received a diagnosis, and almost all these diagnoses (88%) took advantage of information gleaned from procedures performed under anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of anesthesia involving multiple diagnostic procedures in a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary, research setting, such as in the pediatric UDP, outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F Macnamara
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amelia Loydpierson
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Precilla D'Souza
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Hummingbird House Children's Hospice, 60 Curwen Terrace, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Hummingbird House Children's Hospice, 60 Curwen Terrace, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Lynne Wolfe
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tyra Estwick
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jean M Johnston
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John Yang
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria T Acosta
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul R Lee
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Division of Neurology 2, Office of Neuroscience, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & The Board of Governors, Regenerative Medicine Institute and the Cedars Sinai Center for the Undiagnosed Patient, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Camilo Toro
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tom Markello
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David R Adams
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - William A Gahl
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Yousef
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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15
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Byrne JF, Mongan D, Murphy J, Healy C, Fӧcking M, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Prognostic models predicting transition to psychotic disorder using blood-based biomarkers: a systematic review and critical appraisal. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:333. [PMID: 37898606 PMCID: PMC10613280 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests individuals with psychotic disorder show abnormalities in metabolic and inflammatory processes. Recently, several studies have employed blood-based predictors in models predicting transition to psychotic disorder in risk-enriched populations. A systematic review of the performance and methodology of prognostic models using blood-based biomarkers in the prediction of psychotic disorder from risk-enriched populations is warranted. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible texts from 1998 to 15/05/2023, which detailed model development or validation studies. The checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) was used to guide data extraction from eligible texts and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability of the studies. A narrative synthesis of the included studies was performed. Seventeen eligible studies were identified: 16 eligible model development studies and one eligible model validation study. A wide range of biomarkers were assessed, including nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids. The range of C-index (area under the curve) estimates reported for the models was 0.67-1.00. No studies assessed model calibration. According to PROBAST criteria, all studies were at high risk of bias in the analysis domain. While a wide range of potentially predictive biomarkers were identified in the included studies, most studies did not account for overfitting in model performance estimates, no studies assessed calibration, and all models were at high risk of bias according to PROBAST criteria. External validation of the models is needed to provide more accurate estimates of their performance. Future studies which follow the latest available methodological and reporting guidelines and adopt strategies to accommodate required sample sizes for model development or validation will clarify the value of including blood-based biomarkers in models predicting psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah F Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melanie Fӧcking
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Murphy J, Schafer L, Mize S. Differing field methods and site conditions lead to varying bias in suspended sediment concentrations in the Lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1260. [PMID: 37782392 PMCID: PMC10749891 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
At sites that have been sampled for decades, changes in field and laboratory methods happen over time as instrumentation and protocols improve. Here, we compare the influence of depth- and point-integrated sampling on total, fine (< 0.0625 mm), and coarse (≥ 0.0625 mm) suspended sediment (SS) concentrations in the Lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Using historical field method information, we identified seven sites to test such differences. We found SS samples collected using point-integration tended to have higher concentrations than those collected using depth-integration. However, the presence and magnitude of the bias were inconsistent across sites. Bias was present at the site with less-than-ideal conditions (i.e., non-trapezoidal channel, non-uniform flow) and non-existent at the ideal site location, indicating the bias between sampling methods depends on site sampling conditions. When present, the bias is greater at higher concentrations and at moderate to high flows. At the less-than-ideal site, point-integrated samples can have 16% (total) and 34% (coarse) higher concentrations than depth-integrated samples. When flow effects are removed, this translates to a bias of 19, 9, and 8 mg per liter for total, fine, and coarse SS. When a change in field methods occurs, comparison samples and a rigorous evaluation of those samples are warranted to determine the proper course of action for a particular site. Often, the effect and solution will not be known until several years of comparison samples have been collected under a variety of hydrologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- US Geological Survey, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - L Schafer
- US Geological Survey, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - S Mize
- US Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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17
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Agrawal A, Romics L, Thekkinkattil D, Soliman M, Kaushik M, Barmpounakis P, Mortimer C, Courtney CA, Goyal A, Garreffa E, Carmichael A, Lane RA, Rutherford C, Kim B, Achuthan R, Pitsinis V, Goh S, Ray B, Grover K, Vidya R, Murphy J. 'PartBreCon' study. A UK multicentre retrospective cohort study to assess outcomes following PARTial BREast reCONstruction with chest wall perforator flaps. Breast 2023; 71:82-88. [PMID: 37544090 PMCID: PMC10430575 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial breast reconstruction with a pedicled chest wall perforator flap (CWPF) enables breast conservation in a higher tumour: breast volume ratio scenario. Since there is limited evidence, this retrospective cohort study aimed to ascertain immediate (30-days) and medium-term (follow-up duration) surgical outcomes. METHODS STROBE-compliant protocol ascertained CWPF outcomes between March 2011-March 2021. UK centres known to perform CWPF were invited to participate if they performed at least 10 cases. Data were retrospectively collected, including patient demographics, tumour and treatment characteristics, and surgical and oncological outcomes. Statistical analysis (R™) included multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Across 15 centres, 507 patients with median age (54 years, IQR; 48-62), body mass index (25.4 kg/m2, IQR; 22.5-29), tumour size (26 mm, IQR; 18-35), and specimen weight (62 g, IQR; 40-92) had following flap types: LiCAP (54.1%, n = 273), MiCAP/AiCAP (19.6%, n = 99), LiCAP + LTAP (19.8%, n = 100) and TDAP (2.2%, n = 11). 30-days complication rates were in 12%: haematoma (4.3%, n = 22), wound infection (4.3%, n = 22), delayed wound healing (2.8%, n = 14) and flap loss (0.6%, n = 3; 1 full) leading to readmissions (2.6%, n = 13) and re-operations (2.6%, n = 13). Positive margins (n = 88, 17.7%) led to 15.9% (n = 79) re-excisions, including 7.5% (n = 37) at the planned 2nd of 2-stage surgery and 1.8% (n = 9) mastectomy. At median 23 months (IQR; 11-39) follow-up, there were 1.2% (n = 6) symmetrisations; recurrences: local (1%), regional/nodal (0.6%) and distant (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS This large multicentre cohort study demonstrates acceptable complication and margin re-excision rates. CWPF extends the range of breast conservation techniques. Further studies are required for long-term oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agrawal
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| | - L Romics
- New Victoria Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | - M Soliman
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK; Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - M Kaushik
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
| | - P Barmpounakis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - A Goyal
- Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
| | | | - A Carmichael
- University Hospital of Derby and Burton, Belvedere Road, Burton on Trent, UK.
| | - R A Lane
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - B Kim
- St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - R Achuthan
- St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | | | - S Goh
- Peterborough Hospital, Peterborough, UK.
| | - B Ray
- Harrogate NHS Trust, Harrogate, UK.
| | | | - R Vidya
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.
| | - J Murphy
- Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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18
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Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Bray S, Villa G, Brandts J, Kiru G, Murphy J, Banach M, De Servi S, Gaita D, Gouni-Berthold I, Kees Hovingh G, Jozwiak JJ, Jukema JW, Gabor Kiss R, Kownator S, Iversen HK, Maher V, Masana L, Parkhomenko A, Peeters A, Clifford P, Raslova K, Siostrzonek P, Romeo S, Tousoulis D, Vlachopoulos C, Vrablik M, Catapano AL, Poulter NR, Ray KK. Implications of ACC/AHA Versus ESC/EAS LDL-C Recommendations for Residual Risk Reduction in ASCVD: A Simulation Study From DA VINCI. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:941-953. [PMID: 35567726 PMCID: PMC10516778 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) recommendations differ between the 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) guidelines for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (< 70 vs. < 55 mg/dl, respectively). In the DA VINCI study, residual cardiovascular risk was predicted in ASCVD patients. The extent to which relative and absolute risk might be lowered by achieving ACC/AHA versus ESC/EAS LDL-C recommended approaches was simulated. METHODS DA VINCI was a cross-sectional observational study of patients prescribed lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) across 18 European countries. Ten-year cardiovascular risk (CVR) was predicted among ASCVD patients receiving stabilized LLT. For patients with LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl, the absolute LDL-C reduction required to achieve an LDL-C of < 70 or < 55 mg/dl (LDL-C of 69 or 54 mg/dl, respectively) was calculated. Relative and absolute risk reductions (RRRs and ARRs) were simulated. RESULTS Of the 2039 patients, 61% did not achieve LDL-C < 70 mg/dl. For patients with LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl, median (interquartile range) baseline LDL-C and 10-year CVR were 93 (81-115) mg/dl and 32% (25-43%), respectively. Median LDL-C reductions of 24 (12-46) and 39 (27-91) mg/dl were needed to achieve an LDL-C of 69 and 54 mg/dl, respectively. Attaining ACC/AHA or ESC/EAS goals resulted in simulated RRRs of 14% (7-25%) and 22% (15-32%), respectively, and ARRs of 4% (2-7%) and 6% (4-9%), respectively. CONCLUSION In ASCVD patients, achieving ESC/EAS LDL-C goals could result in a 2% additional ARR over 10 years versus the ACC/AHA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Vallejo-Vaz
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology and Vascular Risk, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sarah Bray
- Global Biostatistical Science, Amgen Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillermo Villa
- Global Health Economics, Amgen Europe (GmbH), Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Julia Brandts
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gaia Kiru
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute (PMMHRI), Łódź, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Dan Gaita
- Institutul de Boli Cardiovasculare, Fundatia Cardioprevent, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacek J Jozwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Helle K Iversen
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Centre Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Maher
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Lipid Management and Research Centre, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Masana
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Saint Joan University Hospital, Reus, Spain
| | | | - André Peeters
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piers Clifford
- Imperial Hospitals NHS Trust (Hammersmith Campus), London, UK
| | | | | | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michal Vrablik
- 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London, W12 7RH, UK.
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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19
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Zhang Y, Murphy J, Lammers-van der Holst HM, Barger LK, Lai YJ, Duffy JF. Interventions to improve the sleep of nurses: A systematic review. Res Nurs Health 2023; 46:462-484. [PMID: 37710916 PMCID: PMC10539041 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nurses are at a high risk for short sleep duration and poor sleep quality due to irregular work schedules and high occupational stress. Considering the effect of nurses' sleep on the safety and health of themselves and their patients, it is important to promote healthy sleep for nurses. We sought to synthesize the published experimental and quasi-experimental studies that address interventions to improve sleep in nurses. A systematic search was conducted for studies published in English up until May 15, 2023, using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and PsycINFO. In total, 38 articles were included, covering 22 experimental and 16 quasi-experimental studies with sample sizes ranging from 9 to 207. Studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and considered as low to medium quality. Thirty-six of the 38 studies reported positive findings for at least one sleep outcome. Intervention types included aroma therapy, dietary supplements, cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy, mind-body therapy, sleep education, exercise, napping, shift schedule modification, and multicomponent intervention, all of which showed moderate effectiveness in promoting sleep outcomes of nurses. Comparing and contrasting studies on specific interventions for improving sleep in nurses is sparse and often equivocal. With the variations of research methodology and outcome measures, it is difficult to make a conclusion about each intervention's effectiveness on specific sleep outcomes. Additional high-quality research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to evaluate strategies for improving sleep in this unique, safety-sensitive occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | | | - Laura K. Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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20
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Brown TW, Park GW, Wittry B, Barclay L, Person M, Relja B, Daly S, Chhabra P, Kincaid E, Johnson J, Ahmad A, Herzegh O, Vinjé J, Murphy J. SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination in metro-Atlanta grocery stores. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291747. [PMID: 37725625 PMCID: PMC10508621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on many businesses worldwide, essential businesses, such as grocery stores, continued to operate despite potential disease transmission. Although the principal mode by which people are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is through exposure to respiratory droplets and very small particles carrying infectious virus, contaminated surfaces might play a role in transmission. We collected swab samples from frequently touched surfaces, including grocery carts, touchscreen monitors, credit card keypads, pharmacy counters, self-service food utensils, and refrigerator and freezer handles, in two metro-Atlanta grocery stores over the course of two sampling events in March 2021. Of the 260 swab samples collected, 6 (2.3%) samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were collected from pharmacy (12.0% [3/25] samples), refrigerator/freezer aisles (2.5% [1/39] samples), and self-service food court (5.0% [2/40] samples) areas. Table/counter edge and underside surfaces represented 33% (2/6) of positive samples. These data suggest that risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from frequently touched surfaces in grocery store settings is likely low; however, more frequent cleaning of surfaces in pharmacy and self-service food courts might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Brown
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Geun W. Park
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunological and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Beth Wittry
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leslie Barclay
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunological and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Margaret Person
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Boris Relja
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunological and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Daly
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunological and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin Kincaid
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jona Johnson
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Owen Herzegh
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunological and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Mesquida C, Murphy J, Lakens D, Warne J. Publication bias, statistical power and reporting practices in the Journal of Sports Sciences: potential barriers to replicability. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1507-1517. [PMID: 38018365 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2269357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Two factors that decrease the replicability of studies in the scientific literature are publication bias and studies with underpowered desgins. One way to ensure that studies have adequate statistical power to detect the effect size of interest is by conducting a-priori power analyses. Yet, a previous editorial published in the Journal of Sports Sciences reported a median sample size of 19 and the scarce usage of a-priori power analyses. We meta-analysed 89 studies from the same journal to assess the presence and extent of publication bias, as well as the average statistical power, by conducting a z-curve analysis. In a larger sample of 174 studies, we also examined a) the usage, reporting practices and reproducibility of a-priori power analyses; and b) the prevalence of reporting practices of t-statistic or F-ratio, degrees of freedom, exact p-values, effect sizes and confidence intervals. Our results indicate that there was some indication of publication bias and the average observed power was low (53% for significant and non-significant findings and 61% for only significant findings). Finally, the usage and reporting practices of a-priori power analyses as well as statistical results including test statistics, effect sizes and confidence intervals were suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mesquida
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniël Lakens
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Warne
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Murphy J, Hughes S, Sumathi V, Botchu R, Davies AM. Neck pain in a teenager. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:1591-1592. [PMID: 36892606 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Simon Hughes
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vaiyapuri Sumathi
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Mark Davies
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Murphy J, Hughes S, Sumathi V, Botchu R, Davies AM. Neck pain in a teenager. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:1625-1627. [PMID: 36912912 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Simon Hughes
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vaiyapuri Sumathi
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Mark Davies
- Department of Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Staines L, Healy C, Murphy F, Byrne J, Murphy J, Kelleher I, Cotter D, Cannon M. Incidence and Persistence of Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1007-1021. [PMID: 37402250 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with increased risk for mental disorders, in particular persistent PEs. PEs therefore might be useful within intervention research. We sought to systematically determine the incidence and persistence of PEs in the general population. STUDY DESIGN A double-blind search of databases (Embase, Pubmed PMC, Psychinfo, Medline, and Web of Science) from inception to January 2023 and data extraction, were conducted. Study quality was assessed using the NIH assessment tool. Random effects models were conducted to calculate pooled incidence rate per person-year and proportion of persistent PEs per year. Age and study design were all examined using subgroup analyses. Demographic, risk factors, and outcomes for incidence and persistence of PEs were reported in a narrative synthesis. STUDY RESULTS Using a double-blind screening method for abstract (k = 5763) and full text (k = 250) were screened. In total 91 samples from 71 studies were included, of which 39 were included in a meta-analysis (incidence: k = 17, n = 56 089; persistence: k = 22, n = 81 847). Incidence rate was 0.023 per person-year (95% CI [0.0129;0.0322]). That is, for every 100 people, 2 reported first onset PEs in a year. This was highest in adolescence at 5 per 100(13-17 years). The pooled persistence rate for PEs was 31.0% (95% CI [26.65,35.35]) This was highest in adolescence at 35.8%. Cannabis was particularly associated with incidence of PEs, and persistence of PEs were associated with multiple mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Each year incidence of PEs is 2 of every 100 people, and persists each year in 31% of cases, this risk is highest in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Staines
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Felim Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonah Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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25
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Clabby C, Valldecabres A, Dillon P, McParland S, Arkins S, O'Sullivan K, Flynn J, Murphy J, Boloña PS. Evaluation of test-day milk somatic cell count to predict intramammary infection in late lactation grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00292-8. [PMID: 37268571 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Use of selective dry cow antimicrobial therapy requires to precisely differentiate cows with an intramammary infection (IMI) from uninfected cows close to drying-off to enable treatment allocation. Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of an inflammatory response in the mammary gland and is usually associated with IMI. However, SCC can also be influenced by cow-level variables such as milk yield, lactation number and stage of lactation. In recent years, predictive algorithms have been developed to differentiate cows with IMI from cows without IMI based on SCC data. The objective of this observational study was to explore the association between SCC and subclinical IMI, taking cognizance of cow-level predictors on Irish seasonal spring calving, pasture-based systems. Additionally, the optimal test-day SCC cut-point (maximized sensitivity and specificity) for IMI diagnosis was determined. A total of 2,074 cows, across 21 spring calving dairy herds with an average monthly milk weighted bulk tank SCC of ≤200,000 cells/mL were enrolled in the study. Quarter-level milk sampling was carried out on all cows in late lactation (interquartile range = 240-261 d in milk) for bacteriological culturing. Bacteriological results were used to define cows with IMI, when ≥1 quarter sample resulted in bacterial growth. Cow-level test-day SCC records were provided by the herd owners. The ability of the average, maximum and last test-day SCC to predict infection were compared using receiver operator curves. Predictive logistic regression models tested included parity (primiparous or multiparous), yield at last test-day and a standardized count of high SCC test-days. In total, 18.7% of cows were classified as having an IMI, with first parity cows having a higher proportion of IMI (29.3%) compared with multiparous cows (16.1%). Staphylococcus aureus accounted for the majority of these infections. The last test-day SCC was the best predictor of infection with the highest area under the curve. The inclusions of parity, yield at last test-day, and a standardized count of high SCC test-days as predictors did not significantly improve the ability of last test-day SCC to predict IMI. The cut-point for last test-day SCC which maximized sensitivity and specificity was 64,975 cells/mL. This study indicates that in Irish seasonal pasture-based dairy herds,with low bulk tank SCC control programs, the last test-day SCC (interquartile range days in milk = 221-240) is the best predictor of IMI in late lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Clabby
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, V94 C61W, Ireland
| | - A Valldecabres
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - P Dillon
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - S McParland
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - S Arkins
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, V94 C61W, Ireland
| | - K O'Sullivan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Cork, Co. Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - J Flynn
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - J Murphy
- Kerry Agribusiness, Tralee Road, Castleisland, Co. Kerry, V92 TD68, Ireland
| | - P Silva Boloña
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
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26
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Aiello EN, Solca F, Greco LC, Torre S, Carelli L, Morelli C, Doretti A, Colombo E, Messina S, Pain D, Radici A, Lizio A, Casiraghi J, Cerri F, Woolley S, Murphy J, Tremolizzo L, Appollonio I, Verde F, Sansone VA, Lunetta C, Silani V, Ticozzi N, Poletti B. Equating norms between the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS™) and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) in non-demented ALS patients. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11749-4. [PMID: 37147520 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed at deriving equating norms to estimate scores on the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) based on those on the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS™) in an Italian cohort of non-demented ALS patients. METHODS ALS-CBS™ and ECAS scores of 293 ALS patients without frontotemporal dementia were retrospectively retrieved. Concurrent validity of the ALS-CBS™ towards the ECAS was tested by covarying for demographics, disease duration and severity, presence of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion and behavioural features. A linear-smoothing equipercentile equating (LSEE) model was employed to derive ALS-CBS™-to-ECAS cross-walks. Gaps in LSEE-based estimation were managed via a linear regression-based equating approach. Equivalence between empirical and derived ECAS scores was tested via a two-one-sided test (TOST) procedure for the dependent sample. RESULTS The ALS-CBS™ predicted the ECAS (β = 0.75), accounting for the vast majority of its variance (60% out of an R2 = 0.71). Consistently, a strong, one-to-one linear association between ALS-CBS™ and ECAS scores was detected (r = 0.84; R2 = 0.73). The LSEE was able to estimate conversions for the full range of the ALS-CBS™, except for raw scores equal to 1 and 6 - for whom a linear equating-based equation was derived. Empirical ECAS scores were equivalent to those derived with both methods. DISCUSSION Italian practitioners and researchers have been herewith provided with valid, straightforward cross-walks to estimate the ECAS based on ALS-CBS™ scores in non-demented ALS patients. Conversions herewith provided will help avoid cross-sectional/longitudinal inconsistencies in test adoption within research, and possibly clinical, settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Lucia Catherine Greco
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
- NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Claudia Morelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Alberto Doretti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Eleonora Colombo
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Stefano Messina
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Debora Pain
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Radici
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lizio
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Casiraghi
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ada Sansone
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, MI, Italy.
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Kim Y, Murphy J. Mental Health, Food Insecurity, and Economic Hardship among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Soc Work 2023; 48:124-132. [PMID: 36898047 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mental health crisis among college students has become one of the most pressing issues, especially during the pandemic. Researchers discuss food insecurity as one of the leading causes of mental distress. The onset and continued impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to compound food insecurity, economic hardship, and mental health. This study aims to understand the mental health of college students in relation to food insecurity and financial struggles to meet basic living expenses and debts during the pandemic. Authors collected survey data from college students in a public urban university in 2020 and conducted a multiple regression (N = 375). Evidence indicated that mental health became significantly worse after the pandemic onset. Mental health was significantly associated with food insecurity and multiple economic hardships, controlling for prepandemic mental health and other characteristics. The findings affirm that food insecurity and dire levels of economic hardship have devastating effects on the mental health of young adults. The article highlights the long-term implications of mental health affected by basic needs insecurity and the emergent need for integrated services and university-community partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA 23284-2027, USA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- MSW, is a doctoral student, School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Márquez-Garban DC, Deng G, Burton LP, Ma G, Muhunthan V, Comin-Anduix B, Llarena G, Moatamed N, Murphy J, Hamilton N, Shackelford D, Jung ME, Pietras RJ. Abstract 510: Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to reduce triple negative breast cancer health disparities. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in 10-15% of all breast cancer (BC) patients, yet it accounts for almost half of all BC deaths. Women of African ancestry (WAA) are twice as likely as women of European Ancestry (WEA) to be diagnosed with advanced TNBC with worse prognosis. Emerging data shows that insulin resistance and high circulating levels of insulin are more prevalent in WAA with invasive BCs than in WEA, and activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway by insulin may occur in aggressive TNBC. Reports show diabetic patients treated with metformin, a biguanide drug used to treat diabetes type 2, have reduced incidence of BC and improved survival. However, anticancer actions of metformin require use of high drug doses with limiting side effects in vivo. To address this challenge, we used a structure-activity strategy to develop biguanide analogues with more potent anticancer action and safety at lower doses in vivo. Using TNBC cell proliferation in vitro to screen analogues, promising candidates were identified that exerted dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation at significantly lower doses than that of parental metformin (P<0.01). As antitumor effects of metformin are attributed in part to activation of LKB1-AMPK pathways, we find that biguanide analogues also strongly induce AMPK phosphorylation on Western immunoblots and significantly reduce phosphorylation of downstream mTOR signaling pathway components including p70S6K, S6 ribosomal protein and 4E-BP1. Further, analogues induce TNBC cell apoptosis in vitro at lower doses than metformin. In vivo, analogues were more effective than metformin in stopping human TNBC xenograft progression in nude mouse models (P<0.001). Notably, analogues were also more effective than metformin at blocking lung metastases in syngeneic murine 4T1 TNBC models (P<0.05). Transcriptome analyses comparing mammary tumors and lung metastases revealed that analogue JD006 down-regulated genes related to oxidative phosphorylation in lung metastases treated with JD006 and increased expression of genes related to T-cell activation. Further, gene expression in tumors treated with JD006 showed significant down-regulation of long non-coding RNAs that associate with the up-regulation of malignant transformation and activation of M1 macrophages. Importantly, our data indicate that analogue JD006 modulates the activity/trafficking of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) that may significantly impact TNBC responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further understating of potential biologic differences between TNBC of WAA and WEA is needed to design more effective therapeutic strategies to reduce TNBC health disparities. New targeted treatments could be beneficial for patients afflicted with this deadly disease. (Funding: CBCRP B27IB3869, 4IB-0058; NCI U54 CA143930; JCCC BC Award, Team Research Grant; UCLA TDG).
Citation Format: Diana C. Márquez-Garban, Gang Deng, Lorena P. Burton, Gaoyuan Ma, Vishaka Muhunthan, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Gabriela Llarena, Neda Moatamed, Jennifer Murphy, Nalo Hamilton, Daivd Shackelford, Michael E. Jung, Richard J. Pietras. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to reduce triple negative breast cancer health disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 510.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Deng
- 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Gaoyuan Ma
- 3Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Neda Moatamed
- 6Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- 3Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Richard J. Pietras
- 9Division of Hematology Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
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29
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Aiello EN, Greco LC, La Tona A, Solca F, Torre S, Carelli L, Pain D, Radici A, Lizio A, Casiraghi J, Cerri F, Brugnera A, Compare A, Woolley S, Murphy J, Tremolizzo L, Appollonio I, Verde F, Silani V, Ticozzi N, Lunetta C, Sansone VA, Poletti B. Clinimetrics of the cognitive section of the Italian ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS™). Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1243-1249. [PMID: 36547779 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed at (1) providing further validity and reliability evidence for the Italian version of the cognitive section of the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS™) and (2) testing its diagnostics within an Italian ALS cohort, as well as at (3) exploring its capability to discriminate patients from healthy controls (HCs). METHODS N = 293 non-demented ALS patients were administered the cognitive sections of the ALS-CBS™ and Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). N = 96 HCs demographically matched with N = 96 patients were also administered the cognitive section of the ALS-CBS™. In patients, factorial and construct validity, internal reliability, and diagnostics against a defective score on the cognitive section of the ECAS were tested. Case-control discrimination was assessed via a logistic regression. RESULTS ALS-CBS™ cognitive subscales were underpinned by a simple, unidimensional structure, internally reliable (McDonald's ω = 0.74), and mostly related with ECAS executive and fluency scores (rs = 0.54-0.71). Both raw and age- and education-adjusted scores on the cognitive section of the ALS-CBS™ accurately detected ECAS-defined cognitive impairment (AUC = 0.80 and .88, respectively), yielding optimal error-based, information-based and unitary diagnostics. A cut-off of < 15.374 was identified on adjusted scores. The test was able to discriminate patients from HCs (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The cognitive section of the Italian ALS-CBS™ is a valid, reliable, and diagnostically sound ALS-specific screener for detecting frontotemporal, executive-/attentive-based cognitive inefficiency in non-demented ALS patients, being also able to discriminate them from normotypical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucia Catherine Greco
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
- NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino La Tona
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Pain
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Radici
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lizio
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Casiraghi
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ada Sansone
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
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Herring MP, Gordon BR, Murphy J, Lyons M, Lindheimer JB. The Interplay Between Expected Psychological Responses to Exercise and Physical Activity in Analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder: a Cross-sectional Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:221-233. [PMID: 35441339 PMCID: PMC10183110 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expectations for psychological responses to exercise are not well characterized, particularly in people at risk for anxiety-related illnesses. Given the substantial evidence for salutary effects of exercise on anxiety symptoms and emerging recognition for expectations as a critical mechanism of placebo/nocebo effects, this study explored the interplay between expectations and physical activity in young adults with and without analogue generalized anxiety disorder. METHODS Participants (N=470, 23.2±4.8 years, 63% female) completed a physical activity and mood survey, including a 7-day physical activity recall questionnaire, and a 20-item questionnaire designed to measure positive and negative expectations for psychological and perceptual responses to exercise, particularly expectations for symptoms in the generalized anxiety disorder symptom profile. Analogue generalized anxiety disorder status was determined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder subscale of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. RESULTS For select outcomes, expected exercise-induced changes significantly differed according to analogue generalized anxiety disorder (whole-body pain, sleep quality, psychological well-being, stress, relaxation) and active versus inactive (anxious mood, depressed mood, concentration, physical function, psychological well-being, relaxation) status. However, these findings did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons and the magnitude of these differences was small, approximating 0.25 standard deviations. Expectations for anxious (Spearman's ρ=-0.14, p≤0.002) and depressed mood (ρ=-0.15, p≤0.002), and psychological well-being (ρ=0.15, p≤0.001) were significantly associated with higher physical activity levels. Exercise expectations for anxious mood explained a significant, but small (+1.5%, p≤0.03), amount of variance in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Expectations for exercise-induced improvements did not significantly differ between young adults based on analogue generalized anxiety disorder or physical activity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brett R Gordon
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jacob B Lindheimer
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Contreras-Huerta LS, Coll MP, Bird G, Yu H, Prosser A, Lockwood PL, Murphy J, Crockett MJ, Apps MAJ. Neural representations of vicarious rewards are linked to interoception and prosocial behaviour. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119881. [PMID: 36702212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Every day we constantly observe other people receiving rewards. Theoretical accounts posit that vicarious reward processing might be linked to people's sensitivity to internal body states (interoception) and facilitates a tendency to act prosocially. However, the neural processes underlying the links between vicarious reward processing, interoception, and prosocial behaviour are poorly understood. Previous research has linked vicarious reward processing to the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg) and the anterior insula (AI). Can we predict someone's propensity to be prosocial or to be aware of interoceptive signals from variability in how the ACCg and AI process rewards? Here, participants monitored rewards being delivered to themselves or a stranger during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Later, they performed a task measuring their willingness to exert effort to obtain rewards for others, and a task measuring their propensity to be aware and use interoceptive respiratory signals. Using multivariate similarity analysis, we show that people's willingness to be prosocial is predicted by greater similarity between self and other representations in the ACCg. Moreover, greater dissimilarity in self-other representations in the AI is linked to interoceptive propensity. These findings highlight that vicarious reward is linked to bodily signals in AI, and foster prosocial tendencies through the ACCg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Michel-Pierre Coll
- School of Psychology and CIRRIS research center, Laval University, Quebec City QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Annayah Prosser
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Christ Church, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DP, UK
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EY, UK
| | - M J Crockett
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology and University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Matthew A J Apps
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Christ Church, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DP, UK.
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32
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Smith E, Nischal N, Murphy J, Azzopardi C, Iyengar KP, Haleem S, Botchu R. Does Chemical Shift Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improve Visualization of Pars Interarticularis Defect? Indian J Radiol Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction A unilateral or bilateral pars interarticularis defect (spondylolysis) is a leading cause of axial back pain in adolescent athletes. Currently, a spectrum of imaging modalities is used for assessment of pars interarticularis defects.
Objectives The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of chemical shift sequence (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) technique to conventional MRI sequences in the detection of pars defects.
Patients and Methods Conventional T1, T2, and short tau inversion recovery sagittal and axial, as well as “in-” and “out-” phase chemical shift sagittal MRI sequences of 70 consecutive patients referred for low back pain were reviewed. Demographic details, clinical indication, and presence/diagnosis of pars defects using a 5-point Likert scale on both conventional and chemical shift MRI sequences. Spearman's correlation was used for statistical analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was evaluated to assess the intraclass reliability between observers. Data were analyzed using DATAtab web-based statistics software (2022).
Results A total of 70 patients with an average age of 54.34 years with a female predominance were included. There were 11 pars defects in the cohort. Both in and out phases of chemical shift imaging were able to identify pars defect and intact pars. However, out phase was relatively better in delineating pars defects, while the in phase was superior in identifying an intact pars, though this was not statistically significant. There was good intra- and interobserver reliabilities.
Conclusion Chemical shift MRI sequence is a quicker, complementary technique to assess and analyze pars interarticularis confidently than conventionally utilized MRI sequences in patients being evaluated for axial back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith
- Department of Radiology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Neha Nischal
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Azzopardi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shahnawaz Haleem
- Department of Spine Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Comyns TM, Murphy J, O'Leary D. Reliability, Usefulness, and Validity of Field-Based Vertical Jump Measuring Devices. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00177. [PMID: 36662168 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Comyns, TM, Murphy, J, and O'Leary, D. Reliability, usefulness, and validity of field-based vertical jump measuring devices. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, usefulness, and validity of field-based devices, in determining jump height (JH) during a countermovement jump (CMJ). Twenty-one male (22.8 ± 2.4 years; 1.82 ± 0.07 m; 86.0 ± 10.4 kg) and 7 female field sport athletes (20.5 ± 1.5 years; 1.65 ± 0.06 m; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg) performed 3 CMJs with data simultaneously recorded using a force plate (criterion measure), Optojump, Output Capture, and Push-Band 2.0. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) analyses. Usefulness was assessed by comparing typical error (TE) with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and the validity analyses involved repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ), coefficient of determination, and Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement analyses. All 3 field-based devices were deemed reliable in assessing CMJ height as the respective ICCs ≥ 0.80 and the CV ≤ 10%. Only the Optojump and Output Capture devices were rated as "good" at detecting the SWC in performance (Optojump SWC: 1.44 > TE: 1.04; Output Capture SWC: 1.47 > TE: 1.05). The Output Capture device demonstrated acceptable validity for CMJ height assessment, whereas the Push-Band 2.0 showed systematic bias when compared with the criterion force plate data. Systematic difference was also evident for the Optojump potentially due to the optical switching-cell position on the Optojump. Although all 3 devices showed excellent reliability, the Optojump and Output Capture devices offer practitioners a cost effective, reliable, and valid method of assessing the smallest worthwhile change in CMJ performance in an applied setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dylan O'Leary
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Doan D, Buchmann R, Murphy J, Joshi S. Autoimmune evaluation of joint pain reveals a surprising diagnosis of Scurvy. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wang L, Vaida F, Meagher M, Puri D, Liu F, Dhanji S, Afari J, Hakimi K, Nguyen M, Saitta C, Shah A, Ghassemzadeh S, Nasseri R, Javier-Desloges J, Murphy J, Mckay R, Derweesh I. Proposal for reclassification of T1 and T2A renal cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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36
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Rumsey CA, Hammond JC, Murphy J, Shoda M, Soroka A. Spatial patterns and seasonal timing of increasing riverine specific conductance from 1998 to 2018 suggest legacy contamination in the Delaware River Basin. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159691. [PMID: 36302437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing salinization of freshwater threatens water supplies that support a range of human and ecological uses. The latest assessments of Delaware River Basin (DRB) surface-water-quality changes indicate widespread salinization has occurred in recent decades, which may lead to meaningful degradation in water quality. To better understand how and when salinity transport occurs and implications for DRB streams, this study: 1) explores the variability of specific conductance (SC) trends spatially and seasonally from 1998 to 2018, and 2) investigates how trends relate to streamflow, land disturbance, and impervious surface area to better understand regional salinization drivers. We find widespread increases in SC across the DRB, with several sites in the lower basin exceeding thresholds for aquatic life and experiencing increasing frequencies of exceedance over time. In general, the greatest basin wide increases in SC occurred during low flow conditions, indicating that a legacy component resulting from subsurface retention and transport processes has driven observed changes in riverine SC. For a subset of sites in the lower basin, where impervious area and cumulative land disturbance are higher, the greatest SC increases occurred during high flow conditions in winter months. Given the patterns of SC and watershed changes across the basin, as well as strong relationships between SC trends and sodium and chloride trends, deicing salt appears to be a likely driver of observed SC change. Even if deicing salt application plateaus or declines in coming years, the continued release and transport of the legacy subsurface component may still contribute to elevated DRB riverine SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Rumsey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Water Science Center, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA.
| | - John C Hammond
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, 5522 Research Park Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 650 Peace Road, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA.
| | - Megan Shoda
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, 6460 Busch Boulevard, Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229, USA.
| | - Alexander Soroka
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, 5522 Research Park Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA.
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Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are concerning exposures that may have detrimental effects on mental health. Much of the prior evidence on ACEs comes from the U.S and western developed countries. In light of the limited knowledge of ACEs in other social contexts and the interconnection among adversities, this study aims to identify distinct patterns of co-occurring ACEs and examines the associations between those adversities and mental health in South Korea. We used data from a national sample of Korean college students recruited via non-probability quota sampling in 2019 (N = 1037). The dependent variables included three measures of mental health assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatization symptoms. The independent variable was the patterns of ACEs identified using 14 indicators of childhood adversity. We conducted a Latent Class Analysis with a distal outcome, using the Bolck, Croons, and Hagenaars method. The analysis found four patterns of ACEs: extreme adversity (8%), family violence (20.3%), economic adversity (10.4%), and low adversity (61.3%). The extreme adversity group exhibited multiple exposures, including interpersonal violence in home environments, economic hardship, and bullying victimization by peers. The results suggest that the extreme adversity and family violence groups showed significantly worse mental health symptoms than the economic adversity and low adversity groups. Also, the extreme adversity group reported significantly higher levels of depression symptoms and somatization symptoms than the family violence group. This study expands the current understanding of ACEs and their harmful effects on mental health in young adulthood specific to Korea while comparing them with other social contexts. Researchers and practitioners should recognize the co-occurrence of child adversities, rather than overestimating sole adversity, to develop effective strategies for promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- School of Social Work, 6889Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aely Park
- Department of Social Welfare, 65380Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- School of Social Work, 6889Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Millar L, Bhoyroo R, Molina YP, Watts J, Geagea A, Murphy J, Pollard CM. Intersection between health, health literacy and local government: a mixed methods approach to identifying ways to better connect people to place-based primary health care in western Australia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:63. [PMID: 36681825 PMCID: PMC9860229 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this year-long mixed methods research was to examine the intersection between health, health literacy and local government to identify ways to better connect people to place-based primary health care (PHC). METHODS Four local government areas located within the Perth metropolitan geographic area provided the setting for the current research. Researchers were co-located into the four local governments over a 10-month period to engage with community stakeholders and services. Two methodologies were used to achieve the objective: eight group model building (GMB) workshops were conducted with N = 148 participants to create causal loop diagrams of the barriers and enablers to people being healthy and well in each of the LGAs and develop potential action ideas from these. Surveys were used to collect health service use and health literacy, as measured using a validated Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), across the four LGAs (N = 409, approximately 100 respondents/area). RESULTS The causal loop diagram themes common across LGAs included: (1) mental health; (2) access to services; (3) health system capacity; (4) economics; and (5) physical wellbeing. Health literacy was relatively high for all nine domains of the HLQ. In the five domains rated from one to four the lowest score was 2.8 for 'appraisal of information' and the highest was 3.2 for 'feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers'. In the four domains rated from one to five; the lowest score was 3.7 for 'navigating the healthcare system' and the highest was 4.1 for 'understand health information well enough to know what to do'. Prioritised action ideas recommended increases in practitioners to meet local needs and training General Practitioners and other health staff in culturally sensitive and trauma informed health care. The survey findings and field notes from the GMB were used to construct personas embodied in vignettes highlighting general themes identified in the workshops including those relevant to local areas. CONCLUSIONS There are many possibilities for health care and local governments to work together to bring services to community members disengaged from the health system. Bringing together people from diverse backgrounds and organisations created synergies that resulted in novel and feasible potential strategies to improve community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Millar
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Ranila Bhoyroo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Yesid Pineda Molina
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Jessica Watts
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Antoinette Geagea
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
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Aiello EN, Solca F, Greco LC, La Tona A, Torre S, Carelli L, Morelli C, Doretti A, Colombo E, Messina S, Pain D, Radici A, Lizio A, Casiraghi J, Cerri F, Brugnera A, Compare A, Woolley S, Murphy J, Tremolizzo L, Appollonio I, Verde F, Sansone VA, Lunetta C, Silani V, Ticozzi N, Poletti B. Standardization of the Italian ALS-CBS™ Caregiver Behavioral Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1107001. [PMID: 36743632 PMCID: PMC9896625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present investigation aimed at testing the psychometrics and diagnostics of the Italian version of the Caregiver Behavioral Questionnaire (CBQ) from the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS™), as well as its case-control discrimination, in a cohort of non-demented patients with ALS. Methods The caregivers of N = 265 non-demented patients with ALS and N = 99 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the CBQ and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen-Carer Interview (ECAS-CI). For N = 98 patients, an in-depth behavioural/psychopathological assessment via the Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI), the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS), the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y (STAI-Y), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was also available. Factorial and construct validity, internal reliability, and diagnostics against an abnormal ECAS-CI score were tested in patients. Case-control discrimination was explored through logistic regression. Results The CBQ was internally reliable (McDonald's ω = 0.90) and underpinned by a simple, unidimensional structure; it converged with ECAS-CI, FBI, and DAS scores and diverged from STAI-Y and BDI ones. A cutoff of ≤ 33 accurately detected abnormal ECAS-CI scores (AUC = 0.85), yielding optimal error- and information-based diagnostics. The CBQ was independent of demographic and disease-related variables and discriminated patients from HCs (p < 0.001). Discussion The Italian version of the CBQ from the ALS-CBS™ is a valid, reliable, diagnostically sound, and feasible screener for detecting frontotemporal-like behavioural changes in non-demented patients with ALS. Its adoption is thus recommended within clinical practice and research in the view of providing preliminary information on whether the administration of more extensive behavioural instruments is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Catherine Greco
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy,NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino La Tona
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Morelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Doretti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Colombo
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Messina
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Pain
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurorehabilitation of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Radici
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurorehabilitation of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lizio
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Casiraghi
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ada Sansone
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurorehabilitation of Milan Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Barbara Poletti, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-2051
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Murphy J, Kruis N. Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions among Counselors in Rural Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:180-187. [PMID: 36469610 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Counselor turnover is a serious problem for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs, especially in rural areas. This study examined the relationship between workload, workplace environment, and emotional exhaustion on turnover intentions among SUD treatment counselors in rural Pennsylvania. An online, anonymous survey was administered to rural SUD treatment counselors in Pennsylvania between October and December 2020. Completed surveys from 206 counselors were used for analysis. Variables included multi-dimensional measures of emotional exhaustion, intention to quit, workload, and workplace environment. Results showed age, perceptions of distributive justice, and management communication to be inversely related to emotional exhaustion and intention to quit. A subsequent analysis showed that the direct effects of these variables on intention to quit were reduced with the inclusion of emotional exhaustion in modeling, suggesting a potential mediation effect. Findings indicated that higher levels of emotional exhaustion were directly related to a greater intention to quit. A statistically significant indirect relationship was also found for distributive justice on intention to quit through emotional exhaustion, indicating a significant mediating effect. While counseling is a stressful occupation with high potential for burnout, these results show that organizations can adopt practices that help lower emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions for their counselors which could improve retention in the SUD treatment field. This is especially important for rural areas, where there is a high demand for SUD services and not enough treatment workers to meet that demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Criminal Justice, Penn State Berks, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Kruis
- Criminal Justice, Penn State Altoona, Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA
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Murphy J, Mesquida C, Caldwell AR, Earp BD, Warne JP. Proposal of a Selection Protocol for Replication of Studies in Sports and Exercise Science. Sports Med 2023; 53:281-291. [PMID: 36066754 PMCID: PMC9807474 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To improve the rigor of science, experimental evidence for scientific claims ideally needs to be replicated repeatedly with comparable analyses and new data to increase the collective confidence in the veracity of those claims. Large replication projects in psychology and cancer biology have evaluated the replicability of their fields but no collaborative effort has been undertaken in sports and exercise science. We propose to undertake such an effort here. As this is the first large replication project in this field, there is no agreed-upon protocol for selecting studies to replicate. Criticism of previous selection protocols include claims they were non-randomised and non-representative. Any selection protocol in sports and exercise science must be representative to provide an accurate estimate of replicability of the field. Our aim is to produce a protocol for selecting studies to replicate for inclusion in a large replication project in sports and exercise science. METHODS The proposed selection protocol uses multiple inclusion and exclusion criteria for replication study selection, including: the year of publication and citation rankings, research disciplines, study types, the research question and key dependent variable, study methods and feasibility. Studies selected for replication will be stratified into pools based on instrumentation and expertise required, and will then be allocated to volunteer laboratories for replication. Replication outcomes will be assessed using a multiple inferential strategy and descriptive information will be reported regarding the final number of included and excluded studies, and original author responses to requests for raw data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cristian Mesquida
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian D Earp
- Yale-Hastings Program in Ethics & Health Policy, Yale University and The Hastings Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joe P Warne
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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Murphy J, Aisen P, Barkhof F, Castrillo‐Viguera C, Cheng W, Cohen S, Hansson O, He P, Iwatsubo T, Jaeger J, Montenigro PH, Rubel CE, Mummery CJ, O'Gorman J, Racine AM, Vellas B, Wu S, Haeberlein SB. ENVISION: A phase 3b/4 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study to verify the clinical benefit of aducanumab in participants with early Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL London United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Mälmo, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | - Judy Jaeger
- Cognition Metrics, Inc, Wilmington DE USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital Toulouse France
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Mesquida C, Murphy J, Lakens D, Warne J. Replication concerns in sports and exercise science: a narrative review of selected methodological issues in the field. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220946. [PMID: 36533197 PMCID: PMC9748505 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Known methodological issues such as publication bias, questionable research practices and studies with underpowered designs are known to decrease the replicability of study findings. The presence of such issues has been widely established across different research fields, especially in psychology. Their presence raised the first concerns that the replicability of study findings could be low and led researchers to conduct large replication projects. These replication projects revealed that a significant portion of original study findings could not be replicated, giving rise to the conceptualization of the replication crisis. Although previous research in the field of sports and exercise science has identified the first warning signs, such as an overwhelming proportion of significant findings, small sample sizes and lack of data availability, their possible consequences for the replicability of our field have been overlooked. We discuss the consequences of the above issues on the replicability of our field and offer potential solutions to improve replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mesquida
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniël Lakens
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Warne
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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Lumish HS, Cagliostro B, Braghieri L, Bohn B, Mondellini GM, Antler K, Feldman V, Kleet A, Murphy J, Tiburcio M, Fidlow K, Jennings D, Sayer GT, Takeda K, Naka Y, Demmer RT, Aaron JG, Uriel N, Colombo PC, Yuzefpolskaya M. Driveline Infection in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients: Effect of Standardized Protocols, Pathogen Type, and Treatment Strategy. ASAIO J 2022; 68:1450-1458. [PMID: 35239537 PMCID: PMC9469917 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Driveline infection (DLI) is common after left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Limited data exist on DLI prevention and management. We investigated the impact of standardized driveline care initiatives, specific pathogens, and chronic antibiotic suppression (CAS) on DLI outcomes. 591 LVAD patients were retrospectively categorized based on driveline care initiatives implemented at our institution (2009-2019). Era (E)1: nonstandardized care; E2: standardized driveline care protocol; E3: addition of marking driveline exit site; E4: addition of "no shower" policy. 87(15%) patients developed DLI at a median (IQR) of 403(520) days. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were the most common pathogens. 31 (36%) of DLI patients required incision and drainage (I&D) and 5 (5.7%) device exchange. P. aeruginosa significantly increased risk for initial I&D (HR 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1-6.3) and recurrent I&D or death (HR 4.2, 95% CI, 1.4-12.5). Initial I&D was associated with a significant increased risk of death (HR 2.92 (1.33-6.44); P = 0.008) when compared to patients who did not develop DLI. Implementation of standardized driveline care protocol (E2) was associated with increased 2-year freedom from DLI compared to nonstandardized care (HR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.2-0.6, P < 0.01). Additional preventive strategies (E3&E4) showed no further reduction in DLI rates. 57(65%) DLI patients received CAS, 44% of them required escalation to intravenous antibiotics and/or I&D. Presence of P. aeruginosa DLI markedly increased risk for I&D or death. Conditional survival of patients progressing to I&D is diminished. Standardized driveline care protocol was associated with a significant reduction in DLI, while additional preventive strategies require further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S. Lumish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Cagliostro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Braghieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Giulio M. Mondellini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Karen Antler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Vivian Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Kleet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Melie Tiburcio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Fidlow
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Douglas Jennings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriel T. Sayer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Koji Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yoshifumi Naka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin G. Aaron
- Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nir Uriel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo C. Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Paolo C. Colombo and Melana Yuzefpolskaya contributed equally to this study
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Paolo C. Colombo and Melana Yuzefpolskaya contributed equally to this study
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Tuohy D, Cassidy I, Carey E, Graham M, McCarthy J, Murphy J, Morrissey K, Shanahan J, Tuohy T. 183 DEVELOPING AND FACILITATING ONLINE INTERGENERATIONAL CAFÉS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many older people throughout their lives will require nursing care, consequentially most nurses will care for older people during their career. It is important that older people and student nurses are provided with shared learning opportunities so that professional caring partnerships can be nurtured and realised for mutual benefit. Intergenerational projects offer opportunities for intergenerational learning. However, few projects explore student nurse-older person dyads and how these can be integrated within undergraduate pre-registration programmes. This paper describes the development and facilitation of online older person-student nurse intergenerational cafés.
Methods
The project was managed by a design team comprising senior administration, lecturers in BSc Nursing programmes and a lecturer in Design for Health and Wellbeing. The ‘world café’ concept along with values of enablement and participation underpinned the design. The initiative was planned to align with a year three community care module. Regular online team meetings were held to agree the aims and outcomes for student nurse-older person cohorts, decide recruitment strategies, agree the process and format of facilitation. Older people were recruited through retirement, church, volunteer, social and sporting organisations, media and also using snowballing methods.
Results
Both student nurse and older person cohorts were offered support on how to access and participate in the café. Participants attended one of three online cafés hosted through Microsoft Teams. Each café followed the same format: 1) Group meeting convened with all participants; 2) Breakout small group ‘table’ discussions with student nurse-older people participants and design team facilitation; 3) The café was reconvened to whole group meeting where feedback was collated to elicit shared learning.
Conclusion
The initiative proved successful and there is merit in embedding intergenerational cafés into professionally accredited health care programmes. Through sharing life experiences and perspectives, intergenerational barriers can be reduced and new insights developed on person-centred gerontological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tuohy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - I Cassidy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - E Carey
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Graham
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - J McCarthy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Murphy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - J Shanahan
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Tuohy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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Mensch R, Dahab T, Barry P, Murphy J. 169 THE SPECTRUM, ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROVASCULAR OPHTHALMIC PRESENTATIONS REFERRED TO AN ACUTE MEDICAL UNIT. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ocular emergencies may require urgent intervention to prevent vision loss. Physicians must be confident in recognizing their presentations. However, literature published in this area is lacking.
Methods
This study assesses the consistency of the assessment of patients with neurovascular ophthalmic conditions in the Acute Medical Unit (AMU) at an Irish tertiary healthcare centre . Conditions of interest include retinal artery and vein occlusions, ischaemic optic neuropathies, and cranial nerve palsies (III, IV, and VI). Research questions to be addressed: 1. The percentage of patients referred from Eye Casualty Services (ECS) to the AMU with neurovascular ophthalmic presentations 2. The investigations performed to diagnose neurovascular ophthalmic conditions 3. How the diagnostic approach used in the AMU compares to that recommended by the literature 4. The accuracy of ECS referral diagnoses. This is an audit of 164 patients attending the AMU during a one-year period who were diagnosed with ophthalmological conditions.
Results
Of patients studied, 58 (35%) were diagnosed with conditions of interest. The most common neurovascular ophthalmic diagnosis was cranial nerve palsy (21, 36%). Among neurovascular patients, routine laboratory investigations were performed in over 90% of cases. Routine imaging was performed in over 80% of cases. Referral diagnoses from the ECS accompanied 13 (22%) of neurovascular patients, all of which were accurate.
Conclusion
Neurovascular ophthalmic conditions represent a significant proportion of ECS referrals to the AMU, and most aren’t diagnosed until after leaving the ECS. Laboratory and imaging investigations may be inappropriately utilized in some cases. More research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mensch
- University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
- Cork University Hospital Department of Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - T Dahab
- Cork University Hospital Department of Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - P Barry
- Cork University Hospital Department of Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - J Murphy
- Cork University Hospital Department of Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
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Murphy J, Kelly R, Cathasaigh CN, Murphy D, Cloney T, Hayes K, Arrigan G, O'Sullivan A, Barry P, James K, Healy L. 168 AN EXPLORATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ANTICOAGULATION IN STROKE PATIENTS WHO UNDERGO THROMBECTOMY IN A TERTIARY THROMBECTOMY CENTRE. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial Fibrillation is a significant cause of ischaemic stroke. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients requiring thrombectomy is approximately 33%. Embolic thrombi which develop due to Atrial fibrillation may become targets for clot removal by thrombectomy in appropriate patients. Anticoagulation is one of the mainstays of treatment for atrial fibrillation.
Methods
A list of patients who had thrombectomy performed for ischaemic stroke in 2021 was compiled. Charts were reviewed to establish the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and the rates of appropriate dosing of anticoagulant. Of those who were not anticoagulated, we aimed to establish if there was a clear reason for this. This was performed in a tertiary referral centre with 24/7 access to thrombectomy.
Results
97 patients had thrombectomy performed for ischaemic stroke in 2021. 34/97(35%) had atrial fibrillation (21/97 pre-existing , 13/97 newly diagnosed on admission). 15/21 were anticoagulated and 6/21 were not anticoagulated at the time of their stroke. 5/6 had a clear reason documented for stopping anticoagulation. One patient had stopped anticoagulation due to cost. Of those with atrial fibrillation who were anticoagulated at the time of their stroke, 11 were anticoagulated with a Direct-Acting AntiCoagulant (DOAC) and four were anticoagulated with Warfarin. Of the Warfarin group, just one patients’ INR was therapeutic at the time of their stroke. Of the DOAC group, all were on the appropriate dose.
Conclusion
Stroke patients requiring thrombectomy are a group who may suffer the largest strokes. Incidence of atrial fibrillation was similar to previous studies. It was encouraging that there was a documented reason for all patients who were not anticoagulated, and that the DOAC dose was appropriate. Issues with therapeutic levels of Warfarin are further highlighted here. This study concludes that we may not be as bad at anticoagulation as we may think.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - R Kelly
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - CN Cathasaigh
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - D Murphy
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - T Cloney
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - K Hayes
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - G Arrigan
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - A O'Sullivan
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - P Barry
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - K James
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
| | - L Healy
- Cork University Hospital Department of Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine, , Cork, Ireland
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Murphy J, Webster C. 285 DEVELOPING A FRAILTY CARE PATHWAY IN A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL: A PILOT STUDY. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Frailty is a common condition in older adults. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a widely used frailty screening-tool within the Irish healthcare system due to its time-efficiency and transferability between settings. The Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) is heralded as an effective tool capturing multi-dimensional aspects of frailty. Due to the lack of blanket referral system for some Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) members in our Irish rehabilitation hospital, early identification of frailty is key to ensure timely input from all disciplines. To optimise MDT intervention, the EFS was piloted alongside the CFS comparing user-experience and sensitivity.
Methods
Education sessions were held by frailty-group members to familiarise staff with frailty concepts and frailty-tool administration. The EFS and CFS were administered with all patients over 65 years within 72 hours of admission onto two wards of our hospital over a three-month period. Frailty scale completion was co-ordinated by the physiotherapists and occupational therapists who operate a blanket referral system. Detection of frailty triggered an urgent referral to dietician, medical social work and speech and language therapy colleagues who don’t operate a blanket referral system. The target time for MDT input was two days for the severely frail cohort and one week for mild or moderately frail patients.
Results
The EFS was administered for 83 patients (mean age: 84 years). Of those, 6% were severely frail, 23% were moderately frail and 28% were mildly frail. The CFS was found to detect a higher frailty level in 47% of patients screened when compared to the EFS and took an average of ten minutes less to administer.
Conclusion
The CFS will continue to be administered with patients due to its higher sensitivity to frailty and time efficiency for completion. Referrals will continue to be generated to all MDT members to expedite input with frail patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- Clontarf Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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Finnes HD, Child B, DeFrates S, Kinsman K, Thorne A, Lentz S, Lockhorst R, Murphy J, Urmanski A, Amin S, Barr H, Baviskar S, Beckman C, Chow N, Derba M, Erickson M, Hennes E, Heisey H, Lau R, Limvorasak S, Luckritz T, Mays T, Nzelibe CN, Romanowski T, Smith C, Tesoro D, Toeniskoetter K, Voytilla K. Adapting investigational drug services during a pandemic: Recommendations for future preparedness from the Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association Investigational Drug Services Special Interest Group. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2022; 80:e67-e73. [PMID: 36200957 PMCID: PMC9619665 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi D Finnes
- Address correspondence to Dr. Finnes (). Twitter: @HeidiDiann
| | - Berrie Child
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Urmanski
- Froedtert Hospital & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sapna Amin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hallie Barr
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas Chow
- Miami Cancer Institute Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Megan Derba
- Northern Light-Cancer Care of Maine, Brewer, ME, USA
| | | | | | - Heather Heisey
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Lau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracy Romanowski
- Miami Cancer Institute Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Camille Smith
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Debra Tesoro
- Washington University, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Lee KS, Murphy J, Catmur C, Bird G, Hobson H. Furthering the language hypothesis of alexithymia: An integrated review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104864. [PMID: 36087760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia, including the inability to identify and express one's own feelings, is a subclinical condition responsible for some of the socioemotional symptoms seen across a range of psychiatric conditions. The language hypothesis of alexithymia posits a language-mediated disruption in the development of discrete emotion concepts from ambiguous affective states, exacerbating the risk of developing alexithymia in language-impaired individuals. To provide a critical evaluation, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 empirical studies of language functioning in alexithymia was performed. A modest association was found between alexithymia and multi-domain language deficits (r = -0.14), including structural language, pragmatics, and propensity to use emotional language. A more theoretically-relevant subsample analysis comparing alexithymia levels in language-impaired and typical individuals revealed larger effects, but a limited number of studies adopted this approach. A synthesis of 11 emotional granularity studies also found an association between alexithymia and reduced emotional granularity (r = -0.10). Language impairments seem to increase the risk of alexithymia. Heterogeneous samples and methods suggest the need for studies with improved alexithymia assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shu Lee
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Hobson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, United Kingdom
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