Influence of tenofovir exposure in utero on primary dentition

Orthodontic treatment combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration for edentulism and its influence on mastication and phonic function

BACKGROUND

Dentition defect, a common clinical oral disease developed in humans, not only causes masticatory dysfunction and articulation difficulties but also affects facial appearance and increases the burden on the intestinal tract. Restorative treatment is the primary option for this disease. However, traditional restorations have many drawbacks, such as mismatch with the body, low reliability, and incomplete occlusal function recovery.

AIM

to analyze the efficacy of orthodontics combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration in treating patients with dentition defects and its influence on masticatory and phonic functions.

METHODS

A prospective study was carried out in 86 patients with dentition defects who received implant prosthesis after orthodontic treatment in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019. Those patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group with 43 patients in each group using a random number table. The control group received traditional implant restoration, whereas the intervention group received 3D printing guide plate implant restoration. Treatment outcomes, cosmetic appearance, dental function, implant deviation, and quality of life were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The overall response rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (95.35% vs 81.40%, χ² = 4.071, P = 0.044). The number of cases with neatly trimmed cosmetic appearance (χ² = 4.497, P = 0.034), complete coverage (χ² = 4.170, P = 0.041), and normal occlusion (χ² = 5.512, P = 0.019) in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group. After treatment, mastication, swallowing, and articulation were significantly improved in both groups. Masticatory (t = 2.980, P = 0.004), swallowing (t = 2.199, P = 0.031), and phonic functions (t = 3.950, P = 0.004) were better in the intervention group than those in the control group. The deviation value and the deviation angle (t = 5.440, P = 0.000) at the top (t = 6.320, P = 0.000) and middle parts of the implants (t = 22.295, P = 0.000) in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group after treatment. Functional limitations, psychosocial and physical pain and discomfort, and total scores decreased in both groups. The functional limitation (t = 2.379, P = 0.020), psychosocial (t = 2.420, P = 0.000), physical pain and discomfort (t = 6.581, P = 0.000), and total scores (t = 2.140, P = 0.035) were lower in the intervention group than those in the control group.

CONCLUSION

Orthodontic treatment combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration can significantly improve the masticatory and phonic functions, quality of life, and psychological health of patients with dentition defects. Therefore, it is highly recommended in clinic application.

Prevalence of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

To evaluate the prevalence of HSPM worldwide on a child and a tooth level and investigate the influence of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of HSPM.

DESIGN

A comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The grey literature was also screened as were the reference lists of included studies. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence of HSPM.

RESULTS

The search strategy identified 1,988 articles, 487 were retrieved for full-text evaluation, and 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis (32 for child and 23 for tooth level prevalence), providing data from 26,805 individuals and 81,107 molars. The prevalence of HSPM was 6.8% (95% CI 4.98%-8.86%) on a child level and 4.08% on a tooth level (95% CI = 2.80%-5.59%). The diagnostic criteria used did not seem to influence the prevalence results (P > .05). The majority of the papers (75%) showed a low-to-moderate risk of bias.

CONCLUSION

There was a broad variation in the prevalence reported that may be attributed to differences in the study population. The present meta-analysis showed a HSPM prevalence worldwide of 6.8% on a child level and 4.1% on a tooth level.

Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events associated with hypomineralized second primary molar: a systematic review with meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The etiology of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) appears to be multifactorial but remains uncertain. Thus, the objective was to systematically review studies that investigated adverse health conditions in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods associated with HSPM.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The search was carried out in five databases and in gray literature. The risk of bias of observational studies was analyzed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

RESULTS

A total of 1878 studies were identified. Fourteen were eligible, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal smoking (OR = 2.88; 95%CI: 1.62-5.15) and presence of maternal hypertension (OR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.35-6.28) were significantly associated with higher odds of HSPM. In the perinatal period, factors associated with HSPM were low birth weight (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.15-1.96), prematurity (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.37-2.71), delivery complications (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.52-3.83) and need for an incubator (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.70). Not breastfeeding (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58), use of antibiotics by the child (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.04-1.48), fever (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10-1.72) and asthma (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.16-3.13) were the postnatal factors associated with HSPM.

CONCLUSION

Maternal smoking, maternal hypertension, low birth weight, prematurity, delivery complications, need for incubation, not breastfeeding, antibiotic use, fever and childhood asthma were associated with HSPM. Well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed. Clinical relevance Understanding the etiological factors can be guiding aspects for individual clinical approaches, as well as guiding the design of preventive interventions for HSPM.