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Mohamadi S, Mehrasa P, Mehramuz B, Kobravi S, Taghizadieh M, Salmaninejad A, Bayat M, Sadri Nahand J. The tumor microenvironment's gambit: Exosomal pawns on the board of head and neck cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189189. [PMID: 39343066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) harbors a hidden universe of interactions that profoundly shape the behavior of head and neck cancers (HNCs). HNCs are not merely localized afflictions; they constitute a pressing global health crisis that impacts millions, frequently resulting in severe prognoses due to late-stage diagnosis and intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies. In this intricate interplay, cancer cells function as strategic players, adeptly manipulating their microenvironment to foster proliferation, evade immune detection, and withstand therapeutic interventions. Central to this dynamic play are exosomes, the enigmatic pawns of cellular communication, carrying vital messages across the board. This review elucidates the multifaceted roles of exosomes within the TME, highlighting their capacity to transmit critical signals that not only promote tumor progression but also modulate immune responses, ultimately playing a crucial role in the evolving narrative of HNC. Our insights aim to catalyze further research and exploration into exosome-targeted therapies, potentially transforming the landscape of HNC treatment and improving clinical outcomes in this formidable battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mohamadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Mehrasa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mehramuz
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepehr Kobravi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 15731 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 15731 Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Xu G, Song X, Wang X, Xue R, Yan X, Qin L, Chang X, Gao J, Chen Z, Song G. Combined miR-181a-5p and Ag Nanoparticles are Effective Against Oral Cancer in a Mouse Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:9227-9253. [PMID: 39267724 PMCID: PMC11390847 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck region. Despite advancements, metastasis and recurrence rates remain high, and patient survival has not significantly improved. Although miRNA therapies are promising for cancer gene therapy, their applications in treating oral cancer are limited. Targeted medication delivery systems based on nanotechnology offer an efficient way to enhance oral cancer treatment efficacy. Methods We synthesized nanosilver (AgNPs) and loaded them with the tumor suppressor miR-181a-5p. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of AgNPs and their composites on the malignant behavior of oral cancer cell lines. The xenograft experiment was utilized to examine their effects on tumorigenesis and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Results The nanosilver exhibited a spherical morphology with a size distribution ranging from 50 to 100 nm. They exhibited a distinct absorption peak at 330 nm and could be excited to emit green fluorescence. The biocompatible AgNPs effectively shielded miRNA from degradation by RNase and serum. The nanocomposites significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation of oral cancer cell lines. Notably, treatment with the nanocomposites resulted in substantial tumor growth suppression in the xenograft model. Mechanistically, these composites directly targeted BCL2 and exerted their antitumor effects by suppressing the β-catenin signaling pathway and other downstream genes without inducing acute toxicity. Conclusion Collectively, the findings demonstrate that the miR-181a-5p/AgNPs combination significantly impedes the growth and progression of oral cancer both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting a pivotal role for the β-catenin signaling pathway. This multifaceted approach holds promise as a prospective therapeutic strategy for oral cancer management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Song
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Yan
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Litao Qin
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Chang
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiping Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Song
- Laboratory Animal Center Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Song Y, Song Q, Hu D, Sun B, Gao M, Liang X, Qu B, Suo L, Yin Z, Wang L. The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299384. [PMID: 38250549 PMCID: PMC10798044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daosheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boxin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeli Yin
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ranjan P, Colin K, Dutta RK, Verma SK. Challenges and future scope of exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol 2023; 601:4873-4893. [PMID: 36398654 PMCID: PMC10192497 DOI: 10.1113/jp282053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry biologically diverse molecules for intercellular communication. Researchers have been trying to engineer exosomes for therapeutic purposes by using different approaches to deliver biologically active molecules to the various target cells efficiently. Recent technological advances may allow the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes to be modified to meet scientific needs with respect to specific diseases. However, it is essential to determine an exosome's optimal dosage and potential side effects before its clinical use. Significant breakthroughs have been made in recent decades concerning exosome labelling and imaging techniques. These tools provide in situ monitoring of exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and pinpoint targetability. However, because exosomes are nanometres in size and vary significantly in contents, a deeper understanding is required to ensure accurate monitoring before they can be applied in clinical settings. Different research groups have established different approaches to elucidate the roles of exosomes and visualize their spatial properties. This review covers current and emerging strategies for in vivo and in vitro exosome imaging and tracking for potential studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
| | - Karen Colin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
- UAB School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Thomaidou AC, Goulielmaki M, Tsintarakis A, Zoumpourlis P, Toya M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. miRNA-Guided Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Umbilical Cord: Paving the Way for Stem-Cell Based Regeneration and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119189. [PMID: 37298143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is an abundant source of multipotent cells primed with unique properties that can be exploited in a multitude of applications and interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenous population of undifferentiated cells programmed to self-renew and, depending on their origin, differentiate into distinct lineages. Alongside their proven ability to transmigrate toward inflammation sites, the secretion of various factors that participate in tissue regeneration and their immunoregulatory function render MSCs attractive candidates for use in the cytotherapy of a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, as well as in different aspects of regenerative medicine. In particular, MSCs that can be found in fetal, perinatal, or neonatal tissues possess additional capabilities, including predominant proliferation potential, increased responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and hypoimmunogenicity. Since microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene regulation governs multiple cellular functions, miRNAs are increasingly being studied in the context of driving the differentiation process of MSCs. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of miRNA-directed differentiation of MSCs, with a special focus on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and we identify the most relevant miRNAs and miRNA sets and signatures. Overall, we discuss the potent exploitations of miRNA-driven multi-lineage differentiation and regulation of UCMSCs in regenerative and therapeutic protocols against a range of diseases and/or injuries that will achieve a meaningful clinical impact through maximizing treatment success rates, while lacking severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C Thomaidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marialena Toya
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
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Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Disease-Free Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061826. [PMID: 36980712 PMCID: PMC10046514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from different anatomical sites present with different incidences and characteristics, which requires a personalized treatment strategy. Despite the extensive research that has conducted on this malignancy, HNSCC still has a poor overall survival rate. Many attempts have been made to improve the outcomes, but one of the bottlenecks is thought to be the lack of an effective biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by various cells and participate in a great number of intercellular communications. Based on liquid biopsy, EV detection in several biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, has been applied to identify the existence and progression of a variety of cancers. In HNSCC, tumor-derived EVs exhibit many functionalities by transporting diverse cargoes, which highlights their importance in tumor screening, the determination of multidisciplinary therapy, prediction of prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic effects. This review illustrates the classification and formation of EV subtypes, the cargoes conveyed by these vesicles, and their respective functions in HNSCC cancer biology, and discloses their potential as biomarkers during the whole process of tumor diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
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Basak M, Sahoo B, Chaudhary DK, Narisepalli SB, Tiwari S, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes as an efficient nanocarrier for Docetaxel and miR-125a: Formulation optimization and anti-metastatic behaviour. Life Sci 2023; 322:121621. [PMID: 37001803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Exosomes, as a nanocarrier for the co-delivery of biologicals and small anticancer molecules is yet in its infancy. Herein, we investigated hUCBMSC derived exosomes as a biogenic nanocarrier for the co-delivery of tumor suppressor miR-125a and microtubule destabilizing Docetaxel (DTX) to target the proliferative and migratory aggressiveness of the murine TNBC 4T1 cells. MAIN METHODS In this study, hUCBMSCs from the human umbilical cord blood cells (hUCB) were successfully transfected with miR-125a. Thereafter, DTX was encapsulated into both non-transfected and transfected exosomes by optimized mild sonication-incubation technique. The anticancer efficiency of hUCBMSC Exo-DTX and miR-125a Exo-DTX was compared by MTT and morphometric assay. The prominent anti-metastatic behaviour of the latter was confirmed by in-vitro wound healing and transwell invasion assay. Further, the synergistic effect of miR-125a and DTX was confirmed by F-actin and nuclear degradation by confocal and FESEM assay. KEY FINDINGS hUCBMSC exosomes exhibited DTX payload of 8.86 ± 1.97 ng DTX/ μg exosomes and miRNA retention capacity equivalent to 12.31 ± 5.73 %. The co-loaded formulation (miR-125a Exo-DTX) exhibited IC50 at 192.8 ng/ml in 4T1 cells, which is almost 2.36 folds' lower than the free DTX IC50 (472.8 ng/ml). Additionally, miR-125a Exo-DTX treatment caused wound broadening upto 6.14±0.38 % while treatment with free DTX and miR-125a exosomes alone caused 18.71±4.5 % and 77.36±10.4 % of wound closure respectively in 36 h. miR-125a Exo-DTX treatment further exhibited significantly reduced invasiveness of 4T1 cells (by 3.5 ± 1.8 %) along with prominent cytoskeletal degradation and nuclear deformation as compared to the miR-125a exosomes treated group. The miR-125a expressing DTX loaded exosomal formulation clearly demonstrated the synergistic apoptotic and anti-migratory efficiency of the miR-125a Exo-DTX. SIGNIFICANCE The synergistic anticancer and anti-metastatic effect of miR-125a Exo-DTX was observed due to presence of both DTX and miR-125a as the cargo of hUCBMSC derived exosomes.
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Wu X, Zeng Z, Peng K, Ren D, Zhang L. Regulatory mechanism of DHRS2-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102078. [PMID: 37060745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality. DHRS2-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hUC-MSCs-derived exos) function in PCa. We explored the mechanism of DHRS2-modified hUC-MSCs-derived exos in PCa cell malignant behaviors. DHRS2 expression levels in WPMY-1 cells and 4 PCa cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. 22Rv1/DU145 cells with high/low DHRS2 expression were selected to establish the low/high DHRS2 expression models by transfection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry. hUC-MSCs were identified by oil red O, alizarin staining, and flow cytometry. Exos were extracted from hUC-MSCs by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, Nano series-Nano-ZS, and Western blot. DU145 cells were selected for in vitro study to further study the effects of DHRS2-modified exos on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of DHRS2-modified exos on cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. DHRS2 was repressed in PCa cells. DHRS2 overexpression suppressed PCa cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Exos were successfully isolated from hUC-MSC. DHRS2-modified hUC-MSCs-derived exos carried DHRS2 into PCa cells and blocked malignant behaviors. Briefly, DHRS2 was repressed in PCa cells. DHRS2-modified hUC-MSCs-derived exos blocked PCa cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Zhongyi Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Da Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China.
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Wang N, Ma T, Yu B. Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:69. [PMID: 36797239 PMCID: PMC9935618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes. As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance. In addition, as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications, histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications. Herein, we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family, the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family, and the histone arginine demethylase family, and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance. In addition, therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Xu G, Yang Y, Yang J, Xiao L, Wang X, Qin L, Gao J, Xuan R, Wu X, Chen Z, Sun R, Song G. Screening and identification of miR-181a-5p in oral squamous cell carcinoma and functional verification in vivo and in vitro. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 36800936 PMCID: PMC9936757 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in the cancer development. However, the role of miRNAs in OSCC development and progression is not well understood. METHODS We sought to establish a dynamic Chinese hamster OSCC animal model, construct miRNA differential expression profiles of its occurrence and development, predict its targets, and perform functional analysis and validation in vitro. RESULTS Using expression and functional analyses, the key candidate miRNA (miR-181a-5p) was selected for further functional research, and the expression of miR-181a-5p in OSCC tissues and cell lines was detected. Subsequently, transfection technology and a nude mouse tumorigenic model were used to explore potential molecular mechanisms. miR-181a-5p was significantly downregulated in human OSCC specimens and cell lines, and decreased miR-181a-5p expression was observed in multiple stages of the Chinese hamster OSCC animal model. Moreover, upregulated miR-181a-5p significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration; blocked the cell cycle; and promoted apoptosis. BCL2 was identified as a target of miR-181a-5p. BCL2 may interact with apoptosis- (BAX), invasion- and migration- (TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9), and cell cycle-related genes (KI67, E2F1, CYCLIND1, and CDK6) to further regulate biological behavior. Tumor xenograft analysis indicated that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the high miR-181a-5p expression group. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that miR-181a-5p can be used as a potential biomarker and provide a novel animal model for mechanistic research on oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China ,grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Shanxi Medical University School of Basic Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Yiyan Yang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China ,grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Shanxi Medical University School of Basic Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Junting Yang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China ,grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Shanxi Medical University School of Basic Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Lanfei Xiao
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Litao Qin
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Jiping Gao
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Ruijing Xuan
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Rui Sun
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Guohua Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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11
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Hu B, Huang M, Tao L, Li Y, Kuang Y, Liu G, Zhao S. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-653-5p suppresses laryngeal papilloma progression by inhibiting BZW2. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100129. [PMID: 36473368 PMCID: PMC9723928 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although miR-653-5p has been validated to participate in the progression of multiple types of cancer, the functional role of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Laryngeal Papilloma (LP) has still remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p in LP. METHODS LP tissues (n = 15) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 10) were collected to examine the expression level of miR-653-5p. The expression level of miR-653-5p in LP cells and normal cells was also detected. Then, miR-653-5p was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Thereafter, the effects of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from MSCs on LP cell progression and the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-653-5p were assessed. RESULTS It was revealed that the expression level of miR-653-5p was downregulated in LP tissues and cells. In addition, miR-653-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs played a suppressive role in LP development and mediated the transmission of miR-653-5p to LP cells. Further exploration identified Basic leucine Zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2) as the target of miR-653-5p. More importantly, the rescue experiments revealed that MSCs-secreted exosomal miR-653-5p efficiently inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of LP cells, which could be significantly reversed by BZW2 overexpression in LP cells. CONCLUSION MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p exerted inhibitory effects on LP progression through targeting BZW2, which provided a novel idea for the therapy of LP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER chictr-ior-17011021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binya Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China.
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Lihua Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, China.
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12
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Teixo R, Pires AS, Pereira E, Serambeque B, Marques IA, Laranjo M, Mojsilović S, Gramignoli R, Ponsaerts P, Schoeberlein A, Botelho MF. Application of Perinatal Derivatives on Oncological Preclinical Models: A Review of Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8570. [PMID: 35955703 PMCID: PMC9369310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing cancer incidence has certified oncological management as one of the most critical challenges for the coming decades. New anticancer strategies are still needed, despite the significant advances brought to the forefront in the last decades. The most recent, promising therapeutic approaches have benefitted from the application of human perinatal derivatives (PnD), biological mediators with proven benefits in several fields beyond oncology. To elucidate preclinical results and clinic outcomes achieved in the oncological field, we present a narrative review of the studies resorting to animal models to assess specific outcomes of PnD products. Recent preclinical evidence points to promising anticancer effects offered by PnD mediators isolated from the placenta, amniotic membrane, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord. Described effects include tumorigenesis prevention, uncontrolled growth or regrowth inhibition, tumor homing ability, and adequate cell-based delivery capacity. Furthermore, PnD treatments have been described as supportive of chemotherapy and radiological therapies, particularly when resistance has been reported. However, opposite effects of PnD products have also been observed, offering support and trophic effect to malignant cells. Such paradoxical and dichotomous roles need to be intensively investigated. Current hypotheses identify as explanatory some critical factors, such as the type of the PnD biological products used or the manufacturing procedure to prepare the tissue/cellular treatment, the experimental design (including human-relevant animal models), and intrinsic pathophysiological characteristics. The effective and safe translation of PnD treatments to clinical practice relies on the collaborative efforts of all researchers working with human-relevant oncological preclinical models. However, it requires proper guidelines and consensus compiled by experts and health workers who accurately describe the methodology of tissue collection, PnD isolation, manufacturing, preservation, and delivery to the final user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Teixo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eurico Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Alexandra Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Pathology, Medicinsk Cancer Diagnostik, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.T.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (I.A.M.); (M.L.); (M.F.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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The Emerging Significance of Histone Lysine Demethylases as Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061023. [PMID: 35326475 PMCID: PMC8946939 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations, associated with altered DNA methylation profiles and global changes in the level of histone modifications, are commonly detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Recently, histone lysine demethylases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and emerged as potential molecular targets. Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) catalyze the removal of methyl groups from lysine residues in histones. By affecting the methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, or H3K36, these enzymes take part in transcriptional regulation, which may result in changes in the level of expression of tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes. KDMs are involved in many biological processes, including cell cycle control, senescence, DNA damage response, and heterochromatin formation. They are also important regulators of pluripotency. The overexpression of most KDMs has been observed in HNSCC, and their inhibition affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, invasiveness, and stemness. Of all KDMs, KDM1, KDM4, KDM5, and KDM6 proteins are currently regarded as the most promising prognostic and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date knowledge on the significance of histone lysine demethylases in head and neck carcinogenesis and to discuss the possibility of using them as prognostic markers and pharmacological targets in patients’ treatment.
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14
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Liu C, Bayado N, He D, Li J, Chen H, Li L, Li J, Long X, Du T, Tang J, Dang Y, Fan Z, Wang L, Yang PC. Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles for Myocardial Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:758050. [PMID: 34957249 PMCID: PMC8695616 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.758050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Drug thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and other methods are used to restore blood perfusion for coronary artery stenosis and blockage. The treatments listed prolong lifespan, however, rate of mortality ultimately remains the same. This is due to the irreversible damage sustained by myocardium, in which millions of heart cells are lost during myocardial infarction. The lack of pragmatic methods of myocardial restoration remains the greatest challenge for effective treatment. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively secreted by all cell types that act as effective transmitters of biological signals which contribute to both reparative and pathological processes within the heart. Exosomes have become the focus of many researchers as a novel drug delivery system due to the advantages of low toxicity, little immunogenicity and good permeability. In this review, we discuss the progress and challenges of EVs in myocardial repair, and review the recent development of extracellular vesicle-loading systems based on their unique nanostructures and physiological functions, as well as the application of engineering modifications in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nathan Bayado
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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15
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Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:355-364. [PMID: 34666030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with a unique geographical distribution, primarily prevalent in East Africa and Asia. Although there is an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of NPC, prevention and treatment efforts remain limited. Various studies have indicated that exosomes are actively involved in NPC by delivering biomolecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins to target cells. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of exosomes in NPC and highlight their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers. In NPC, exosomes can manipulate the tumor microenvironment, participate in chemotherapy and radiation resistance, induce immune suppression, promote pathological angiogenesis, and support metastasis, and thus they could also be promising biomarkers. Because exosomes have essential effects and unusual biological properties, they have a promising future in diagnostic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Although there are technical issues associated with using exosomes in large-scale applications, they have unparalleled advantages in assisting the clinical management of NPC.
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