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Di Fiore R, Drago-Ferrante R, Suleiman S, Calleja N, Calleja-Agius J. The role of microRNA-9 in ovarian and cervical cancers: An updated overview. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2025; 51:108546. [PMID: 39030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian and cervical cancers are the two most frequent kind of gynaecological cancers (GCs). In spite of advances in prevention, screening and treatment, cervical cancer still leads to an increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ovarian cancer is often detected at a late stage, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available treatments. Therefore, novel methods are desperately needed to improve the clinical care of GC patients. MicroRNAs, also known as short noncoding RNAs (miRNAs/miRs), are a diverse group of RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides. These typically cause translational repression and mRNA degradation by interacting with target mRNAs' 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), together with other regions and gene promoters. Under certain conditions, they are also able to activate translation or regulate transcription. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are crucial to several biological processes leading to tumorigenesis, including GCs. Recent research has shown that miR-9 affects carcinogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of current research on the potential utility of miR-9 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian and cervical malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; BioDNA Laboratories, Malta Life Sciences Park, SGN, 3000, San Gwann, Malta.
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Neville Calleja
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
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Aswathy R, Chalos VA, Suganya K, Sumathi S. Advancing miRNA cancer research through artificial intelligence: from biomarker discovery to therapeutic targeting. Med Oncol 2024; 42:30. [PMID: 39688780 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play a vital role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their discovery has profoundly impacted therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment, where RNA therapeutics, including miRNA-based targeted therapies, have gained prominence. Advances in RNA sequencing technologies have facilitated a comprehensive exploration of miRNAs-from fundamental research to their diagnostic and prognostic potential in various diseases, notably cancers. However, the manual handling and interpretation of vast RNA datasets pose significant challenges. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized biological research by efficiently extracting insights from complex data. Machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning techniques are effective for identifying critical miRNAs across different cancers and developing prognostic models. Moreover, the integration of AI has led to the creation of comprehensive miRNA databases for identifying mRNA and gene targets, thus facilitating deeper understanding and application in cancer research. This review comprehensively examines current developments in the application of machine learning techniques in miRNA research across diverse cancers. We discuss their roles in identifying biomarkers, elucidating miRNA targets, establishing disease associations, predicting prognostic outcomes, and exploring broader AI applications in cancer research. This review aims to guide researchers in leveraging AI techniques effectively within the miRNA field, thereby accelerating advancements in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Aswathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Varghese Angel Chalos
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kanagaraj Suganya
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Sundaravadivelu Sumathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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Dey Bhowmik A, Shaw P, Gopinatha Pillai MS, Rao G, Dwivedi SKD. Evolving landscape of detection and targeting miRNA/epigenetics for therapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 611:217357. [PMID: 39615646 PMCID: PMC12119979 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) accounts for the highest mortality rates among all gynecologic malignancies. The high mortality of OC is often associated with delayed detection, prolonged latency, enhanced metastatic potential, acquired drug resistance, and frequent recurrence. This review comprehensively explores key aspects of OC, including cancer diagnosis, mechanisms of disease resistance, and the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation, particularly by microRNAs (miRs) in cancer progression. We highlight the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing miR expression within the context of OC and the current status of epigenetic advancement in the therapeutic development and clinical trial progression. Through network analysis we elucidate the regulatory interactions between dysregulated miRs in OC and their targets which are involved in different signaling pathways. By exploring these interconnected facets and critical analysis, we endeavor to provide a nuanced understanding of the molecular dynamics underlying OC, its detection and shedding light on potential avenues for miRs and epigenetics-based therapeutic intervention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Pallab Shaw
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mohan Shankar Gopinatha Pillai
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Yin R, Dou Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li H, Jian X, Qi L, Ma W. Preoperative CECT-Based Multitask Model Predicts Peritoneal Recurrence and Disease-Free Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Multicenter Study. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:4488-4498. [PMID: 38693025 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Peritoneal recurrence is the predominant pattern of recurrence in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) and portends a dismal prognosis. Accurate prediction of peritoneal recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) is crucial to identify patients who might benefit from intensive treatment. We aimed to develop a predictive model for peritoneal recurrence and prognosis in AOC. METHODS In this retrospective multi-institution study of 515 patients, an end-to-end multi-task convolutional neural network (MCNN) comprising a segmentation convolutional neural network (CNN) and a classification CNN was developed and tested using preoperative CT images, and MCNN-score was generated to indicate the peritoneal recurrence and DFS status in patients with AOC. We evaluated the accuracy of the model for automatic segmentation and predict prognosis. RESULTS The MCNN achieved promising segmentation performances with a mean Dice coefficient of 84.3% (range: 78.8%-87.0%). The MCNN was able to predict peritoneal recurrence in the training (AUC 0.87; 95% CI 0.82-0.90), internal test (0.88; 0.85-0.92), and external test set (0.82; 0.78-0.86). Similarly, MCNN demonstrated consistently high accuracy in predicting recurrence, with an AUC of 0.85; 95% CI 0.82-0.88, 0.83; 95% CI 0.80-0.86, and 0.85; 95% CI 0.83-0.88. For patients with a high MCNN-score of recurrence, it was associated with poorer DFS with P < 0.0001 and hazard ratios of 0.1964 (95% CI: 0.1439-0.2680), 0.3249 (95% CI: 0.1896-0.5565), and 0.3458 (95% CI: 0.2582-0.4632). CONCLUSION The MCNN approach demonstrated high performance in predicting peritoneal recurrence and DFS in patients with AOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Dou
- Department of Breast Imaging, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of CT and MRI, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071030, China
| | - Yijun Guo
- Department of Breast Imaging, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yigeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiqi Jian
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Breast Imaging, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Lazaridis A, Katifelis H, Kalampokas E, Lambropoulou D, Aravantinos G, Gazouli M, Vlahos NF. Utilization of miRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Metastasis in Gynecological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11703. [PMID: 39519256 PMCID: PMC11546551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer is a term referring to malignancies that typically involve ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Combined, these cancers represent major causes of morbidity and mortality in women with a heavy socioeconomic impact. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are intensively studied in the field of cancer and changes in them have been linked to a variety of processes involved in cancer that range from tumorigenesis to prognosis and metastatic potential. This review aims to summarize the existing literature that has linked miRNAs with each of the female malignancies as potential biomarkers in diagnosis (circulating miRNAs), in tumor histology and prognosis (as tissue biomarkers), and for local (lymph node) and distant metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Lazaridis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (E.K.); (N.F.V.)
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Emmanouil Kalampokas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (E.K.); (N.F.V.)
| | | | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos F. Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (E.K.); (N.F.V.)
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Bhadra M, Sachan M. An overview of challenges associated with exosomal miRNA isolation toward liquid biopsy-based ovarian cancer detection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30328. [PMID: 38707279 PMCID: PMC11068823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer has been on the list. With lesser-known symptoms and lack of an accurate detection method, it is still difficult to catch it early. In terms of both the diagnosis and outlook for cancer, liquid biopsy has come a long way with significant advancements. Exosomes, extracellular components commonly shed by cancerous cells, are nucleic acid-rich particles floating in almost all body fluids and hold enormous promise, leading to minimallyinvasive molecular diagnostics. They have been shown as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy, being implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. In order to address the drawbacks of ovarian cancer tumor heterogeneity, a liquid biopsy-based approach is being investigated by detecting cell-free nucleic acids, particularly non-coding RNAs, having the advantage of being less invasive and more prominent in nature. microRNAs are known to actively contribute to cancer development and their existence inside exosomes has also been made quite apparent which can be leveraged to diagnose and treat the disease. Extraction of miRNAs and exosomes is an arduous execution, and while other approaches have been investigated, none have produced results that are as encouraging due to limits in time commitment, yield, and, most significantly, damage to the exosomal structure resulting discrepancies in miRNA-based expression profiling for disease diagnosis. We have briefly outlined and reviewed the difficulties with exosome isolation techniques and the need for their standardization. The several widely used procedures and their drawbacks in terms of the exosomal purity they may produce have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology-Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology-Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Hejazian SM, Sharifi S, Ardalan M, Teshnehlab M, Zununi Vahed S, Pirmoradi S. Decoding the Possible Molecular Mechanisms in Pediatric Wilms Tumor and Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney through Machine Learning Approaches. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:825-844. [PMID: 37548233 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2242979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Wilms tumor (WT) and Rhabdoid tumor (RT) are pediatric renal tumors and their differentiation is based on histopathological and molecular analysis. The present study aimed to introduce the panels of mRNAs and microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of these cancers using deep learning algorithms. Methods: Filter, graph, and association rule mining algorithms were applied to the mRNAs/microRNAs data. Results: Candidate miRNAs and mRNAs with high accuracy (AUC: 97%/93% and 94%/97%, respectively) could differentiate the WT and RT classes in training and test data. Let-7a-2 and C19orf24 were identified in the WT, while miR-199b and RP1-3E10.2 were detected in the RT by analysis of Association Rule Mining. Conclusion: The application of the machine learning methods could identify mRNA/miRNA patterns to discriminate WT from RT. The identified miRNAs/mRNAs panels could offer novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the initiation and development of these cancers. They may provide further insight into the pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and molecular-targeted therapy in pediatric renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Teshnehlab
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Pirmoradi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pirmoradi S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Zununi Vahed S, Homaei Rad H, Khamaneh AM, Akbarpour Z, Seyedrezazadeh E, Teshnehlab M, Chapman KR, Ansarin K. Unraveling the link between PTBP1 and severe asthma through machine learning and association rule mining method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15399. [PMID: 37717070 PMCID: PMC10505163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with great therapeutic challenges. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of severe asthma may help identify therapeutic strategies for this complex condition. RNA expression data were analyzed using a combination of artificial intelligence methods to identify novel genes related to severe asthma. Through the ANOVA feature selection approach, 100 candidate genes were selected among 54,715 mRNAs in blood samples of patients with severe asthmatic and healthy groups. A deep learning model was used to validate the significance of the candidate genes. The accuracy, F1-score, AUC-ROC, and precision of the 100 genes were 83%, 0.86, 0.89, and 0.9, respectively. To discover hidden associations among selected genes, association rule mining was applied. The top 20 genes including the PTBP1, RAB11FIP3, APH1A, and MYD88 were recognized as the most frequent items among severe asthma association rules. The PTBP1 was found to be the most frequent gene associated with severe asthma among those 20 genes. PTBP1 was the gene most frequently associated with severe asthma among candidate genes. Identification of master genes involved in the initiation and development of asthma can offer novel targets for its diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted-signaling therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Pirmoradi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Homaei Rad
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarpour
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Teshnehlab
- Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kenneth R Chapman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Najjarian F, Homaei Rad H, Ardalan M, Teshnehlab M, Zununi Vahed S, Pirmoradi S. Key therapeutic targets implicated at the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma identified through machine-learning approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3840. [PMID: 36882466 PMCID: PMC9992672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Early-stage detection plays an essential role in making treatment decisions and identifying dominant molecular mechanisms. We utilized machine learning algorithms to find significant mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) at the early and late stages of HCC. First, pre-processing approaches, including organization, nested cross-validation, cleaning, and normalization were applied. Next, the t-test/ANOVA methods and binary particle swarm optimization were used as a filter and wrapper method in the feature selection step, respectively. Then, classifiers, based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms were utilized to evaluate the discrimination power of selected features (mRNAs and miRNAs) in the classification step. Finally, the association rule mining algorithm was applied to selected features for identifying key mRNAs and miRNAs that can help decode dominant molecular mechanisms in HCC stages. The applied methods could identify key genes associated with the early (e.g., Vitronectin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, lactate dehydrogenase D (LDHD), miR-590) and late-stage (e.g., SPRY domain containing 4, regucalcin, miR-3199-1, miR-194-2, miR-4999) of HCC. This research could establish a clear picture of putative candidate genes, which could be the main actors at the early and late stages of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, 51665118, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Blvd., Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farima Najjarian
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Homaei Rad
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, 51665118, Iran
| | - Mohammad Teshnehlab
- Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, 51665118, Iran.
| | - Saeed Pirmoradi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Blvd., Tabriz, Iran.
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