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Moudgil P, Grakh K, Kumar R, Sharma M, Gupta R, Jindal N. First Molecular Confirmed Outbreak of Malignant Ovine Theileriosis in Sheep from North India. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:527-534. [PMID: 37328625 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Malignant ovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease of sheep and goats, caused by protozoan Theileria lestoquardi. The disease has serious economic implications for small ruminant production around the world. METHODS An outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis in a sheep flock was investigated from Hisar district of Haryana, India, in March 2022. The etiological agent was identified using polymerase chain reaction assay with genus specific primers targeting 18S rRNA gene and subsequently confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate reported in the outbreak were 22.2, 18.8 and 85%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis clustered the present study T. lestoquardi isolate in the same clade with T. lestoquardi from Iraq, Iran and Pakistan with maximum nucleotide identity of 99.37% with strains from Iraq. The tick vector Hyalomma anatolicum recovered from dead animals was implicated in the disease's transmission. CONCLUSIONS Malignant ovine theileriosis resulted in high case fatality rate. This study presents the first molecularly confirmed outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis outbreak in the North Indian region, with characteristic post-mortem findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Kushal Grakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Maneesh Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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Hassan S, Skilton RA, Pelle R, Odongo D, Bishop RP, Ahmed J, Seitzer U, Bakheit M, Hassan SM, El Hussein AM. Assessment of the prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi in sheep from the Sudan using serological and molecular methods. Prev Vet Med 2019; 169:104697. [PMID: 31311638 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant theileriosis of sheep and goats caused by Theileria lestoquardi is considered to be among the most important tick borne diseases in the Sudan. Information on the prevalence of the disease in different parts of the Sudan is limited. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the disease in five states of the Sudan using molecular and serological assays. A total of 393 blood and serum samples from clinically asymptomatic sheep were analysed using nested reverse line blot (nRLB) and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), as well as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated a sero-prevalence of 33.8% while RLB and LAMP assays revealed molecular prevalences of 29.5 and 22.6% respectively. The prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi varied significantly according to the geographical origin of the infected animals, whereas age and gender did not have a significant effect. RLB data indicated that T. lestoquardi usually occurred as a co-infection with the non-pathogenic Theileria ovis. Using RLB as a gold standard, a sensitivity of 68.1% and a specificity of 96.4% were recorded for LAMP and a sensitivity of 75.9% and a specificity of 83.8% for ELISA. The Kappa coefficient between nRLB and LAMP indicated a significant level of agreement (0.692), but only moderate concordance (0.572) between nRLB and ELISA. The results of the present study confirm and extend earlier findings regarding the widespread of T. lestoquardi infections in sheep in the Sudan. The data provide evidence that should enable the veterinary authorities to deploy appropriate control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hassan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - R A Skilton
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), Kenya
| | - R Pelle
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), Kenya
| | - D Odongo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - R P Bishop
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - J Ahmed
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Seitzer
- Division of Veterinary Infection Biology and Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Germany
| | - M Bakheit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - S M Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Huber S, Karagenc T, Ritler D, Rottenberg S, Woods K. Identification and characterisation of a Theileria annulata proline-rich microtubule and SH3 domain-interacting protein (TaMISHIP) that forms a complex with CLASP1, EB1, and CD2AP at the schizont surface. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12838. [PMID: 29520916 PMCID: PMC6033098 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Theileria annulata is an apicomplexan parasite that modifies the phenotype of its host cell completely, inducing uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and increased invasiveness. The infected cell thus resembles a cancer cell, and changes to various host cell signalling pathways accompany transformation. Most of the molecular mechanisms leading to Theileria-induced immortalization of leukocytes remain unknown. The parasite dissolves the surrounding host cell membrane soon after invasion and starts interacting with host proteins, ensuring its propagation by stably associating with the host cell microtubule network. By using BioID technology together with fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified a CLASP1/CD2AP/EB1-containing protein complex that surrounds the schizont throughout the host cell cycle and integrates bovine adaptor proteins (CIN85, 14-3-3 epsilon, and ASAP1). This complex also includes the schizont membrane protein Ta-p104 together with a novel secreted T. annulata protein (encoded by TA20980), which we term microtubule and SH3 domain-interacting protein (TaMISHIP). TaMISHIP localises to the schizont surface and contains a functional EB1-binding SxIP motif, as well as functional SH3 domain-binding Px(P/A)xPR motifs that mediate its interaction with CD2AP. Upon overexpression in non-infected bovine macrophages, TaMISHIP causes binucleation, potentially indicative of a role in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Huber
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tulin Karagenc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAdnan Menderes UniversityAydinTurkey
| | - Dominic Ritler
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Kerry Woods
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Identification of Theileria lestoquardi Antigens Recognized by CD8+ T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162571. [PMID: 27611868 PMCID: PMC5017765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an international effort to develop vaccines for Theileria lestoquardi, we undertook a limited screen to test T. lestoquardi orthologues of antigens recognised by CD8+ T lymphocyte responses against T. annulata and T. parva in cattle. Five MHC defined sheep were immunized by live T. lestoquardi infection and their CD8+ T lymphocyte responses determined. Thirteen T. lestoquardi orthologues of T. parva and T. annulata genes, previously shown to be targets of CD8+ T lymphocyte responses of immune cattle, were expressed in autologous fibroblasts and screened for T cell recognition using an IFNγ assay. Genes encoding T. lestoquardi antigens Tl8 (putative cysteine proteinase, 349 aa) or Tl9 (hypothetical secreted protein, 293 aa) were recognise by T cells from one animal that displayed a unique MHC class I genotype. Antigenic 9-mer peptide epitopes of Tl8 and Tl9 were identified through peptide scans using CD8+ T cells from the responding animal. These experiments identify the first T. lestoquardi antigens recognised by CD8+ T cell responses linked to specific MHC class I alleles.
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Gou H, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Identification and characterization of Tu88, an antigenic gene from Theileria uilenbergi. Exp Parasitol 2015; 153:63-7. [PMID: 25770598 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theileria uilenbergi is a pathogen that causes ovine theileriosis. Prevention and control of theileriosis relies on its diagnosis at early stages of occurrence and requires understanding of proteins with antigenic properties from the pathogen. Despite its prevalence in China, only a few molecules with antigenic properties have been characterized from T. uilenbergi. In this study, we identified a cDNA named Tu88 by immunoscreening a T. uilenbergi merozoite cDNA library with T. uilenbergi-positive sera from infected sheep. Recombinant Tu88 (rTu88) expressed in bacteria reacted strongly with the positive sera of T. uilenbergi in western blot analysis indicating its potential as an antigen. Southern blot analysis showed that it is a single copy gene. Protein localization by immunostaining blood smears from an infected sheep demonstrated the presence of native Tu88 in merozoites. These findings suggest that Tu88 is a potential candidate antigen for the development of a sero-diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Huitian Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
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Haller D, Mackiewicz M, Gerber S, Beyer D, Kullmann B, Schneider I, Ahmed JS, Seitzer U. Cytoplasmic sequestration of p53 promotes survival in leukocytes transformed by Theileria. Oncogene 2010; 29:3079-86. [PMID: 20208567 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The function of the p53 protein as the central effector molecule of the p53 apoptotic pathway was investigated in a reversible model of epigenetic transformation. The infection of bovine leukocytes by the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria annulata results in parasite-dependent transformation and proliferation of the host cells. We found p53 to be largely localized in the host cell cytoplasm and associated with the parasite membrane of isolated schizonts. Curing infected cells of the parasite with the theilericidal drug buparvaquone resulted in a time-dependent translocation of p53 into the host cell nucleus and the upregulation of the proapoptotic Bax and Apaf-1 and the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Although buparvaquone treatment led to apoptosis of the host cell, inhibition of either p53 or Bax significantly reduced buparvaquone-induced apoptosis of the transformed cells. Thus, the p53 apoptotic pathway of host cells is not induced by infection and transformation with Theileria by a mechanism involving cytoplasmic sequestration of p53. The close association of host cell p53 with the parasite membrane implies that the parasite either interacts directly with p53 or mediates cytoplasmic sequestration of p53 by interacting with other host cell proteins regulating p53 localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haller
- Division of Veterinary Infection Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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Bakheit MA, Ahmed JS, Seitzer U. Existence of splicing variants in homologues of Theileria lestoquardi clone-5 gene's transcripts in Theileria annulata and Theileria parva. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1149:212-3. [PMID: 19120213 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1428.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Clone 5 has been described as an immunogenic protein and was used to establish an ELISA for malignant theileriosis. Molecular characterization of the gene product revealed alternative splicing at the single intron resulting in two mRNA transcripts, translating into a long and a short protein form. Homologues of clone 5 exist in Theileria annulata and T. parva according to the available annotated GenBank sequences, showing however only the long protein forms in these parasites (GenBank accession numbers CAI73679, EAN33624). The present study aimed to determine whether two splice variants of homologues of clone 5 occur in T. annulata and T. parva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Bakheit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
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