1
|
Khan F, Khan S, Rana N, Rahim T, Arshad A, Khan I, Ogaly HA, Ahmed DAEM, Dera AA, Zaib S. Mutational analysis of consanguineous families and their targeted therapy against dwarfism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38321911 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2307446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with a height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (-2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth is a complicated dynamic procedure that depends upon the coordination of different aspects involving diet, genetics, and biological aspects like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe or acute pathologic procedure may disturb the individual's normal rate of growth. In this research, we examined four (A-D) Pakistani consanguineous families that exhibited syndromic dwarfism, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The genomic DNA of each family member was extracted by using phenol-chloroform and Kit methods. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of affected family members (IV-11, III-5, IV-4 and III-13) from each group was performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium. After filtering the exome data, the mutations in PPM1F, FGFR3, ERCC2, and PCNT genes were determined by Sanger sequencing of each gene by using specific primers. Afterward, FGFR3 was found to be a suitable drug target among all the mutations to treat achondroplasia also known as disproportionate dwarfism. BioSolveIT softwares were used to discover the lead active inhibitory molecule against FGFR3. This research will not only provide short knowledge to the concerned pediatricians, researchers, and family physicians for the preliminary assessment and management of the disorder but also provide a lead inhibitor for the treatment of disproportionate dwarfism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sarmir Khan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Chen Z, Wang J, Xu K, Fan X, Gong C, Wu Z, Zhang TJ, Wu N. Molecular Diagnostic Yield of Exome Sequencing and Chromosomal Microarray in Short Stature: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1149-1157. [PMID: 37695591 PMCID: PMC10495925 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Currently, the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for short stature cohorts is uncertain. Despite previous studies reporting the widespread use of ES and CMA, a definitive diagnostic yield has not been established. Objective To investigate the diagnostic yield of ES and CMA in short stature. Data Sources A systematic literature search was conducted using relevant keywords in 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) in February 2023. Study Selection Eligible studies for meta-analysis were those that had at least 10 participants with short stature who were diagnosed using either ES or CMA and the number of diagnosed patients was reported. Of 5222 identified studies, 20 were eventually included in the study. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent investigators extracted relevant information from each study, which was then synthesized using proportional meta-analysis to obtain the overall diagnostic yield of ES and CMA. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was to determine the overall diagnostic yield of ES and CMA. A subgroup meta-analysis was also performed to assess if the diagnostic yield varied depending on whether ES was used as a first-tier or last-resort test. Additionally, a meta-regression was carried out to investigate how the diagnostic yield varied over time. Results Twenty studies were included, comprising 1350 patients with short stature who underwent ES and 1070 patients who completed CMA. The overall diagnostic yield of ES among the cohorts and CMA among the cohorts was found to be 27.1% (95% CI, 18.1%-37.2%) and 13.6% (95% CI, 9.2%-18.7%), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between the first-tier (27.8%; 95% CI, 15.7%-41.8%) and last-resort groups (25.6%; 95% CI, 13.6%-39.6%) (P = .83) or in the percentage of positively diagnosed patients over time. No statistically significant difference was observed between the first-tier (27.8%; 95% CI, 15.7%-41.8%) and last-resort groups (25.6%; 95% CI, 13.6%-39.6%) (P = .83) or in the percentage of positively diagnosed patients over time. Conclusion and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis provides high-level evidence supporting the diagnostic efficacy of ES and CMA in patients with short stature. The findings serve as a solid reference for clinicians when making informed decisions about recommending these genetic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Zefu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Pediatric, The second affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity; Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mudassir BU, Agha Z. Microcephaly, Short Stature, Intellectual Disability, Speech Absence and Cataract Are Associated with Novel Bi-Allelic Missense Variant in RTTN Gene: A Seckel Syndrome Case Report. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1027. [PMID: 37371259 DOI: 10.3390/children10061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The RTTN gene encodes centriole biogenesis, replication, symmetry and cohesion, basal body organization and has recently been associated with the appearance of microcephaly syndromes. RTTN-related neurological defects including microcephaly, intellectual disability, congenital dwarfism, ophthalmic manifestations, and epilepsy are mainly due to abnormal brain development pathways and loss-of-function protein mutations. We present a consanguineous Pakistani family clinically suspected of Seckel syndrome with severe microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, short stature, absence of speech, pointed nose, narrow face and bilateral cataract in two siblings residing in the suburbs of Islamabad. Forty cases of Seckel syndrome have been reported to date in the literature due to mutations in the ATR, TRAIP, RBBP8, NSMCE2, NIN, CENPJ, DNA2, CEP152 and CEP63 genes. The objective of the study was to perform a clinical diagnosis, genetic analysis, and pathophysiology of Seckel syndrome in the proband. Whole-exome sequencing discovered NM_173630.4: c.57G > T(pGlu19Asp) missense variant in exon 2 of the RTTN gene that co-segregates in the family. This novel variant, to the best of our knowledge, is pathogenic and with autosomal recessive inheritance expressed as Seckel syndrome in the affected members of the family. The present study has expanded the genetic knowledge of novel RTTN gene variants associated with Seckel syndrome and has broadened its phenotype spectrum in the Pakistani population, which comprises diverse ethnicities. We hope that our study will open new horizons for individual molecular diagnosis and therapeutics to improve the life of patients with this congenital syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Ul Mudassir
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Agha
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ke X, Yang H, Pan H, Jiang Y, Li M, Zhang H, Hao N, Zhu H. The Application of Optical Genome Mapping (OGM) in Severe Short Stature Caused by Duplication of 15q14q21.3. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051016. [PMID: 37239376 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel approach to identifying genomic structural variations with high accuracy and resolution. We report a proband with severe short stature caused by 46, XY, der (16) ins (16;15) (q23; q21.3q14) that was detected by OGM combined with other tests and review the clinical features of patients with duplication within 15q14q21.3; (2) Methods: OGM, whole exon sequencing (WES), copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and karyotyping were used; (3) Results: The proband was a 10.7-year-old boy with a complaint of severe short stature (-3.41SDS) and abnormal gait. He had growth hormone deficiency, lumbar lordosis, and epiphyseal dysplasia of both femurs. WES and CNV-seq showed a 17.27 Mb duplication of chromosome 15, and there was an insertion in chromosome 16 found by karyotyping. Furthermore, OGM revealed that duplication of 15q14q21.3 was inversely inserted into 16q23.1, resulting in two fusion genes. A total of fourteen patients carried the duplication of 15q14q21.3, with thirteen previously reported and one from our center, 42.9% of which were de novo. In addition, neurologic symptoms (71.4%,10/14) were the most common phenotypes; (4) Conclusions: OGM combined with other genetic methods can reveal the genetic etiology of patients with the clinical syndrome, presenting great potential for use in properly diagnosing in the genetic cause of the clinical syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanzhe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Na Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vlaardingerbroek H, Joustra SD, Oostdijk W, de Bruin C, Wit JM. Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Diagnostic Evaluation of the Child with Growth Failure. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:11-21. [PMID: 37054683 DOI: 10.1159/000530644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical guidelines provide information about the diagnostic workup of children with growth failure. This mini-review focuses on the nutritional assessment, which has received relatively little attention in such guidelines. The past medical history, in particular a low birth size and early feeding problems, can provide information that can increase the likelihood of nutritional deficits or several genetic causes. The current medical history should include a dietary history and can thereby reveal a poorly planned or severely restricted diet, which can be associated with nutritional deficiencies. Children on a vegan diet should receive various nutritional supplements, but insufficient compliance has been reported in one-third of cases. While proper use of nutritional supplements in children consuming a vegan diet appears to be associated with normal growth and development, insufficient intake of supplements may impede growth and bone formation. Physical examination and analysis of height and weight over time can help differentiating between endocrine causes, gastrointestinal disorders, psychosocial problems, or underlying genetic conditions that prevent adequate nutritional intake. Laboratory screening should be part of the workup in every child with short stature, and further laboratory tests can be indicated if warranted by the dietary history, especially in children on a poorly planned vegan diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Vlaardingerbroek
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd D Joustra
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fletcher SC, Hall C, Kennedy TJ, Pajusalu S, Wojcik MH, Boora U, Li C, Oja KT, Hendrix E, Westrip CA, Andrijes R, Piasecka SK, Singh M, El-Asrag ME, Ptasinska A, Tillmann V, Higgs MR, Carere DA, Beggs AD, Pappas J, Rabin R, Smerdon SJ, Stewart GS, Õunap K, Coleman ML. Impaired protein hydroxylase activity causes replication stress and developmental abnormalities in humans. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e152784. [PMID: 36795492 PMCID: PMC10065073 DOI: 10.1172/jci152784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although protein hydroxylation is a relatively poorly characterized posttranslational modification, it has received significant recent attention following seminal work uncovering its role in oxygen sensing and hypoxia biology. Although the fundamental importance of protein hydroxylases in biology is becoming clear, the biochemical targets and cellular functions often remain enigmatic. JMJD5 is a "JmjC-only" protein hydroxylase that is essential for murine embryonic development and viability. However, no germline variants in JmjC-only hydroxylases, including JMJD5, have yet been described that are associated with any human pathology. Here we demonstrate that biallelic germline JMJD5 pathogenic variants are deleterious to JMJD5 mRNA splicing, protein stability, and hydroxylase activity, resulting in a human developmental disorder characterized by severe failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism. We show that the underlying cellular phenotype is associated with increased DNA replication stress and that this is critically dependent on the protein hydroxylase activity of JMJD5. This work contributes to our growing understanding of the role and importance of protein hydroxylases in human development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally C. Fletcher
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan J. Kennedy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monica H. Wojcik
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uncaar Boora
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chan Li
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa Teele Oja
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eline Hendrix
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A.E. Westrip
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Regina Andrijes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia K. Piasecka
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mansi Singh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed E. El-Asrag
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Anetta Ptasinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Children’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin R. Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew D. Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Pappas
- Clinical Genetic Services, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Rabin
- Clinical Genetic Services, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J. Smerdon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grant S. Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mathew L. Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akalın A, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Taşkıran EZ, Karaosmanoğlu B, Utine GE, Boduroğlu K. A novel biallelic CRIPT variant in a patient with short stature, microcephaly, and distinctive facial features. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1119-1127. [PMID: 36630262 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primordial dwarfism (PD) is one of a highly heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by severe prenatal/postnatal growth restriction. Defects in various pathways such as DNA repair mechanism, impaired centrioles, abnormal IGF expression, and spliceosomal machinery may cause PD including Seckel syndrome, Silver-Russell syndrome. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) types I/III, II, and Meier-Gorlin syndrome. In recent years with the wide application of exome sequencing (ES) in the field of PD, new genes involved in novel pathways causing new phenotypes have been identified. Pathogenic variants in CRIPT (MIM# 604594) encoding cysteine-rich PDZ domain-binding protein have recently been described in patients with PD with a unique phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by prenatal/postnatal growth restriction, facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities, and ectodermal findings such as skin lesions with hyper/hypopigmented patchy areas and hair abnormalities. To our knowledge, only three patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in CRIPT have been reported so far. Here, we report on a male patient who presented with profound prenatal/postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, and skin lesions along with the findings of bicytopenia and extensive retinal pigmentation defect. A novel truncating homozygous variant c.7_8delTG; p.(Cys3Argfs*4) was detected in CRIPT with the aid of ES. With this report, we further expand the mutational and clinical spectrum of this rare entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akçahan Akalın
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ekim Z Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beren Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hokken-Koelega ACS, van der Steen M, Boguszewski MCS, Cianfarani S, Dahlgren J, Horikawa R, Mericq V, Rapaport R, Alherbish A, Braslavsky D, Charmandari E, Chernausek SD, Cutfield WS, Dauber A, Deeb A, Goedegebuure WJ, Hofman PL, Isganatis E, Jorge AA, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Kashimada K, Khadilkar V, Luo XP, Mathai S, Nakano Y, Yau M. International Consensus Guideline on Small for Gestational Age (SGA): Etiology and Management from Infancy to Early Adulthood. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:539-565. [PMID: 36635911 PMCID: PMC10166266 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This International Consensus Guideline was developed by experts in the field of SGA of 10 pediatric endocrine societies worldwide. A consensus meeting was held and 1300 articles formed the basis for discussions. All experts voted about the strengths of the recommendations. The guideline gives new and clinically relevant insights into the etiology of short stature after SGA birth, including novel knowledge about (epi)genetic causes. Besides, it presents long-term consequences of SGA birth and new treatment options, including treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in addition to growth hormone (GH) treatment, and the metabolic and cardiovascular health of young adults born SGA after cessation of childhood-GH-treatment in comparison with appropriate control groups. To diagnose SGA, accurate anthropometry and use of national growth charts are recommended. Follow-up in early life is warranted and neurodevelopment evaluation in those at risk. Excessive postnatal weight gain should be avoided, as this is associated with an unfavorable cardio-metabolic health profile in adulthood. Children born SGA with persistent short stature < -2.5 SDS at age 2 years or < -2 SDS at age of 3-4 years, should be referred for diagnostic work-up. In case of dysmorphic features, major malformations, microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability and/or signs of skeletal dysplasia, genetic testing should be considered. Treatment with 0.033-0.067 mg GH/kg/day is recommended in case of persistent short stature at age of 3-4 years. Adding GnRHa treatment could be considered when short adult height is expected at pubertal onset. All young adults born SGA require counseling to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg and Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, faculty of Medicine, University of Chile
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Icahn School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Debora Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergadá" (CEDIE), División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Steven D Chernausek
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesley J Goedegebuure
- Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Alexander A Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sarah Mathai
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Yuya Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mabel Yau
- Icahn School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panasiak L, Kuciński M, Błaszczyk A, Ocalewicz K. Telomerase Activity in Androgenetic Rainbow Trout with Growth Deficiency and in Normally Developed Individuals. Zebrafish 2022; 19:131-136. [PMID: 35867071 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Role of telomerase in specimens with retarded growth (dwarfs) has not been thoroughly examined to date. Considering that some of the fish species show correlation between somatic growth and activity of telomerase, it has been tempting to assume that pattern of telomerase activity in specimens with retarded growth and these with normal growth rate may vary. In the present research, telomerase activity has been examined in liver, skin, and muscles in the androgenetic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with growth deficiency and their normally developed siblings. Among the examined organs, the liver showed the highest telomerase activity in all studied fish, what may be linked to the enormous regeneration capacity of the liver tissue. Although dwarf specimens examined here displayed significantly lower body size and weight they did not exhibit any significant differences in the telomerase activity measured in liver and muscle when compared to the rainbow trout without growth deficiency. In turn, telomerase activity in skin was significantly upregulated in the normally developed androgenotes. The present study indicates that dwarfism in the androgenetic rainbow trout is neither associated with ceased telomerase activity nor its decrease throughout the ontogenetic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Panasiak
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Marcin Kuciński
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agata Błaszczyk
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Konrad Ocalewicz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takumi K, Kitagawa D. Experimental and Natural Induction of de novo Centriole Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861864. [PMID: 35445021 PMCID: PMC9014216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In cycling cells, new centrioles are assembled in the vicinity of pre-existing centrioles. Although this canonical centriole duplication is a tightly regulated process in animal cells, centrioles can also form in the absence of pre-existing centrioles; this process is termed de novo centriole formation. De novo centriole formation is triggered by the removal of all pre-existing centrioles in the cell in various manners. Moreover, overexpression of polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), a master regulatory kinase for centriole biogenesis, can induce de novo centriole formation in some cell types. Under these conditions, structurally and functionally normal centrioles can be formed de novo. While de novo centriole formation is normally suppressed in cells with intact centrioles, depletion of certain suppressor proteins leads to the ectopic formation of centriole-related protein aggregates in the cytoplasm. It has been shown that de novo centriole formation also occurs naturally in some species. For instance, during the multiciliogenesis of vertebrate epithelial cells, massive de novo centriole amplification occurs to form numerous motile cilia. In this review, we summarize the previous findings on de novo centriole formation, particularly under experimental conditions, and discuss its regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasuga Takumi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
O'Neill RS, Rusan NM. Traip controls mushroom body size by suppressing mitotic defects. Development 2022; 149:dev199987. [PMID: 35297981 PMCID: PMC8995085 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microcephaly is a failure to develop proper brain size and neuron number. Mutations in diverse genes are linked to microcephaly, including several with DNA damage repair (DDR) functions; however, it is not well understood how these DDR gene mutations limit brain size. One such gene is TRAIP, which has multiple functions in DDR. We characterized the Drosophila TRAIP homolog nopo, hereafter traip, and found that traip mutants (traip-) have a brain-specific defect in the mushroom body (MB). traip- MBs were smaller and contained fewer neurons, but no neurodegeneration, consistent with human primary microcephaly. Reduced neuron numbers in traip- were explained by premature loss of MB neuroblasts (MB-NBs), in part via caspase-dependent cell death. Many traip- MB-NBs had prominent chromosome bridges in anaphase, along with polyploidy, aneuploidy or micronuclei. Traip localization during mitosis is sufficient for MB development, suggesting that Traip can repair chromosome bridges during mitosis if necessary. Our results suggest that proper brain size is ensured by the recently described role for TRAIP in unloading stalled replication forks in mitosis, which suppresses DNA bridges and premature neural stem cell loss to promote proper neuron number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. O'Neill
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cardiovascular anomalies in Seckel syndrome: report of two patients and review of the literature. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:487-490. [PMID: 34387179 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder also known as bird headed dwarfism". It is characterised by proportional short stature, low birth weight, dysmorphic facial appearance, and mental retardation. In addition to its dysmorphic features, skeletal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, haematologic, genitourinary, and nervous system has been involved. Cardiovascular features very rarely associate with Seckel syndrome. We report two patients with Seckel syndrome, one with dilated cardiomyopathy and the other with multiple ventricular septal defects. Dilated cardiomyopathy and isolated ventricular septal defect have not been previously reported in Seckel syndrome. Cardiovascular evaluation should be performed in all patients with Seckel syndrome. Early diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart diseases will reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khojah O, Alamoudi S, Aldawsari N, Babgi M, Lary A. Central nervous system vasculopathy and Seckel syndrome: case illustration and systematic review. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3847-3860. [PMID: 34345934 PMCID: PMC8604825 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review reported cases of Seckel syndrome (SS) and point out cases associated with central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy and provide a summary of their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes including our illustrative case. METHODS We conducted a search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "Seckel + syndrome." We identified 127 related articles reporting 252 cases of SS apart from our case. Moreover, we searched for SS cases with CNS vasculopathies from the same databases. We identified 7 related articles reporting 7 cases of CNS vasculopathies in SS patients. RESULTS The overall rate of CNS vasculopathy in SS patients is 3.16% (n = 8/253), where moyamoya disease (MMD) accounted for 1.97%. The mean age is 13.5 years (6-19 years), with equal gender distribution (M:F, 1:1). The most common presenting symptoms were headache and seizure followed by weakness or coma. Aneurysms were mostly located in the basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid artery, respectively. Regardless of the management approach, 50% of the cases sustained mild-moderate neurological deficit, 37.5% have died, and 12.5% sustained no deficit. CONCLUSION A high index of suspicion should be maintained in (SS) patients, and MMD should be part of the differential diagnosis. Prevalence of CNS vasculopathy in SS is 3.16% with a much higher prevalence of MMD compared to the general population. Screening for cerebral vasculopathy in SS is justifiable especially in centers that have good resources. Further data are still needed to identify the most appropriate management plan in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Khojah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Alamoudi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aldawsari
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Babgi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Lary
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pillai MR, Pallamparthy S, Gnanavelu S. Secondary Childhood glaucoma - a rare association in Seckel syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 33:11206721211060949. [PMID: 34812091 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A case of 12-year-old male with Seckel syndrome, presented with unilateral glaucoma leading to advanced disc damage hence, visual deterioration. Seckel syndrome being a rare inherited disorder characterized by growth delay and unique facial features, had been infrequently reported for ophthalmic anifestation especially glaucoma. Though glaucoma is a rare association in Seckel syndrome, screening at an early stage could help in preventing vision loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju R Pillai
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srilekha Pallamparthy
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subathra Gnanavelu
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
ATR regulates neuronal activity by modulating presynaptic firing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4067. [PMID: 34210973 PMCID: PMC8249387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein, as a key DNA damage response (DDR) regulator, plays an essential function in response to replication stress and controls cell viability. Hypomorphic mutations of ATR cause the human ATR-Seckel syndrome, characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability, which however suggests a yet unknown role for ATR in non-dividing cells. Here we show that ATR deletion in postmitotic neurons does not compromise brain development and formation; rather it enhances intrinsic neuronal activity resulting in aberrant firing and an increased epileptiform activity, which increases the susceptibility of ataxia and epilepsy in mice. ATR deleted neurons exhibit hyper-excitability, associated with changes in action potential conformation and presynaptic vesicle accumulation, independent of DDR signaling. Mechanistically, ATR interacts with synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2) and, without ATR, SYT2 is highly upregulated and aberrantly translocated to excitatory neurons in the hippocampus, thereby conferring a hyper-excitability. This study identifies a physiological function of ATR, beyond its DDR role, in regulating neuronal activity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lorentz KO, Branca NM, Lemmers SAM. Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII) with generalised microdontia in the 4th millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:158-169. [PMID: 33957552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research evaluates the occurrence of generalised microdontia and proportionate osteodysplasia in human remains from a Chalcolithic cemetery with early evidence of metalworking in Cyprus (Souskiou-Laona; 3500-2800 BCE). MATERIALS Skeletal and dental remains from Tomb 236 Individual A, in comparison with other human remains from Souskiou-Laona (MNI: 203). METHODS Macroscopic, microscopic, and metric observation of osteodysplasia and microdontia. RESULTS Smaller than usual permanent teeth and adult long bones were discovered, with epiphyseal fusion complete. The cranium, and the zygomatic bones were smaller than other adult remains. CONCLUSIONS Differential diagnosis includes pituitary dwarfism and Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII), which are two types of proportionate dwarfism with presentation of microdontia. This individual appears to display skeletal changes consistent with Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case of MOPDII in the archaeological record worldwide, and it is the oldest case of proportionate dwarfism known to date. The presence of an adult probable female with primordial dwarfism at Chalcolithic cemetery of Souskiou-Laona indicates that mutations of the pericentrin (PCNT) gene were present in this early period. LIMITATIONS The remains of the individual were incomplete and poorly preserved. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Histology may lead to more detailed information on the individual's age and life story (osteobiography).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Natalie M Branca
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Simone A M Lemmers
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ravindran E, Gutierrez de Velazco C, Ghazanfar A, Kraemer N, Zaqout S, Waheed A, Hanif M, Mughal S, Prigione A, Li N, Fang X, Hu H, Kaindl AM. Homozygous mutation in MCM7 causes autosomal recessive primary microcephaly and intellectual disability. J Med Genet 2021; 59:453-461. [PMID: 34059554 PMCID: PMC9046757 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Minichromosomal maintenance (MCM) complex components 2, 4, 5 and 6 have been linked to human disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and intellectual disability. The MCM complex has DNA helicase activity and is thereby important for the initiation and elongation of the replication fork and highly expressed in proliferating neural stem cells. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was applied to identify the genetic cause underlying the neurodevelopmental disease of the index family. The expression pattern of Mcm7 was characterised by performing quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridisation and immunostaining. To prove the disease-causative nature of identified MCM7, a proof-of-principle experiment was performed. Results We reported that the homozygous missense variant c.793G>A/p.A265T (g.7:99695841C>T, NM_005916.4) in MCM7 was associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), severe intellectual disability and behavioural abnormalities in a consanguineous pedigree with three affected individuals. We found concordance between the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Mcm7 in mice and a proliferative state: Mcm7 expression was higher in early mouse developmental stages and in proliferative zones of the brain. Accordingly, Mcm7/MCM7 levels were detectable particularly in undifferentiated mouse embryonal stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells compared with differentiated neurons. We further demonstrate that the downregulation of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells reduces cell viability and proliferation, and, as a proof-of-concept, that this is counterbalanced by the overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7. Conclusion We report mutations of MCM7 as a novel cause of autosomal recessive MCPH and intellectual disability and highlight the crucial function of MCM7 in nervous system development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Gutierrez de Velazco
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Ghazanfar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsan Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mughal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany .,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zandinejad A, Liang H, Fisher Cosio NA, Revilla-León M. Fabrication of a complete-arch implant-supported fixed interim prosthesis by using a cone beam computed tomography digital scan for a patient with primordial dwarfism: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1179-1183. [PMID: 33933270 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A complete-arch implant-supported interim prosthesis was fabricated from a cone beam computed tomography digital scan of the implant abutments for a patient with primordial dwarfism. The patient presented with limited mouth opening, which hindered the use of a conventional impression technique. The described technique provided an alternative digital procedure to obtain a virtual implant definitive cast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Zandinejad
- Associate Professor and Program Director AEGD Residency Program, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hui Liang
- Professor and Pre-Doctoral Program Director of Oral Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nicole A Fisher Cosio
- AEGD Resident, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Assistant Professor and Assistant Program Director AEGD Residency Program, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas; Affiliate Faculty Graduate Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Researcher at Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Panigrahi I, Kaur P, Chaudhry C, Shariq M, Naorem DD, Gowtham BC, Kaur A, Dayal D. Short Stature Syndromes: Case Series from India. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 11:279-286. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSyndromes causing short stature include Noonan syndrome (NS), Williams syndrome, and Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). SRS is a primordial dwarfism with genetic heterogeneity. The SRS children present with prenatal growth retardation, neonatal hypoglycemia, feeding difficulties, physical asymmetry, with scoliosis and cardiac defect in some cases. The incidence is up to 1 in 100,000. Uniparental disomy, methylation abnormalities, and variants in some genes have been found underlying such phenotype. Growth hormone therapy has been used to improve the height gain in these patients. NS has genetic heterogeneity and most patients present with short stature with or without cardiac defect. Multiple genetic variants, mostly autosomal dominant, contribute to the phenotype. With the availability of next-generation sequencing, more and more genetic disorders causing short stature are being identified in different ethnic populations like Kabuki syndrome and Nance–Horan syndrome. Here, we present some cases of SRS and other additional syndromes with dysmorphism seen in past 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chakshu Chaudhry
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devika D. Naorem
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - BC Gowtham
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fan X, Zhao S, Yu C, Wu D, Yan Z, Fan L, Song Y, Wang Y, Li C, Ming Y, Gui B, Niu Y, Li X, Yang X, Luo S, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Pan H, Li M, Xia W, Qiu G, Liu P, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wu Z, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Chen S, Gong C, Wu N. Exome sequencing reveals genetic architecture in patients with isolated or syndromic short stature. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:396-402. [PMID: 34006472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short stature is among the most common endocrinological disease phenotypes of childhood and may occur as an isolated finding or in conjunction with other clinical manifestations. Although the diagnostic utility of clinical genetic testing in short stature has been implicated, the genetic architecture and the utility of genomic studies such as exome sequencing (ES) in a sizable cohort of patients with short stature have not been investigated systematically. In this study, we recruited 561 individuals with short stature from two centers in China during a 4-year period. We performed ES for all patients and available parents. All patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: an isolated short stature group (group I, n = 257) and an apparently syndromic short stature group (group II, n = 304). Causal variants were identified in 135 of 561 (24.1%) patients. In group I, 29 of 257 (11.3%) of the patients were solved by variants in 24 genes. In group II, 106 of 304 (34.9%) patients were solved by variants in 57 genes. Genes involved in fundamental cellular process played an important role in the genetic architecture of syndromic short stature. Distinct genetic architectures and pathophysiological processes underlie isolated and syndromic short stature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yanning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China; Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Yue Ming
- PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Baoheng Gui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinzhuang Yang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang LL, Liang SS. Study on pathogenic genes of dwarfism disease by next-generation sequencing. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1600-1609. [PMID: 33728303 PMCID: PMC7942040 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many factors that lead to dwarfism, and the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Next-generation sequencing may identify candidate-related gene mutations, which may clarify the molecular cause.
AIM To analyze genetic variation by using a constructed panel related to dwarfism by utilizing next-generation sequencing platform sequencing analysis to screen candidate-related gene mutations.
METHODS Physical and laboratory characteristics, including clinical examination, growth hormone drug challenge test, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 3, other related tests, imaging examination, and chromosome karyotyping, were analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze pathogenicity variability.
RESULTS In the 39 dwarfism patients, 10 had pathogenicity variability. Gene variation was found in the OBSL1, SLC26A2, PTPN11, COL27AI, HDAC6, CUL7, FGFR3, DYNC2H1, GH1, and ATP7B genes. Of the 10 patients with pathogenicity variability, the related physical characteristics included double breast development and growth hormone deficiency, enuresis and indirect inguinal hernia on the left, two finger distance of 70.2 cm, head circumference of 49.2 cm, ischium/lower body length of 1.8 cm, weak limb muscles, and partial growth hormone deficiency. After 6 mo of growth hormone therapy, the concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 increased from 215.2 ± 170.3 to 285.0 ± 166.0 and 3.9 ± 1.4 to 4.2 ± 1.1, respectively.
CONCLUSION OBSL1, SLC26A2, PTPN11, COL27AI, HDAC6, CUL7, FGFR3, DYNC2H1, GH1, and ATP7B genes may be related to the incidence of dwarfism, and more research needs to be performed to elucidate the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Lv Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Shan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma Y, Xu Z, Zhao J, Shen H. Novel compound heterozygous mutations of PCNT gene in MOPD type II with central precocious puberty. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:190-192. [PMID: 33016782 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1827382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 6-year and 11-month old girl with short stature, microcephaly, proboscis nose, small teeth, left breast Tanner stage II, and nasopharynx adenoid hypertrophy. Her gestational age was 37 weeks and birth weight was 800 g. Her growth hormone peak was higher than 35.2 ng/ml, luteinizing hormone peak 8.97 IU/l, and blood glucose of 120 min 7.82 mmol/l in oral glucose tolerance test. Genetic testing revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the PCNT gene, an insertion mutation at c.1828dupT (p.S610Ffs*32), and a splice site mutation at c.1207 + 1G>A, which were inherited from healthy carrier patients. This case shows that MOPDII can be associated with central precocious puberty and impaired glucose tolerance in addition to intrauterine growth restriction, postpartum growth defect, and microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuangjian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Handan Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of three novel mutations in PCNT in vietnamese patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:115-121. [PMID: 33460028 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial dwarfism (PD) is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders related to developmental disabilities occurring in the uterus and prolongs during all stages of life, resulting in short stature, facial deformities and abnormal brain. OBJECTIVE To determine the exact cause of the disease in two Vietnamese patients priory diagnosed with PD by severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly and some bone abnormalities. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the two patients and mutations in genes related to PD were screened. Sanger sequencing was applied to examine the mutations in the patients of their families. RESULTS Three novel mutations in the PCNT gene which have not been reported previously were identified in the two patients. Of which, two frameshift mutations (p.Thr479Profs*6 and p.Glu2742Alafs*8) were detected in patient I and one stop-gained mutation (p.Gln1907*) was detected in the patient II. These mutations may result in a truncated PCNT protein, leading to an inactivated PACT domain corresponding to residue His3138-Trp3216 of PCNT protein. Therefore, the three mutations may cause a deficiency of protein functional activity and result in the phenotypes of primordial dwarfism in the two patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentations in combination with genetic analyses supported an accurate diagnosis of the two patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II). In addition, these results have important implications for prenatal genetic screening and genetic counseling for the families.
Collapse
|
25
|
Matos-Rodrigues GE, Tan PB, Rocha-Martins M, Charlier CF, Gomes AL, Cabral-Miranda F, Grigaravicius P, Hofmann TG, Frappart PO, Martins RAP. Progenitor death drives retinal dysplasia and neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of ATRIP-Seckel syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045807. [PMID: 32994318 PMCID: PMC7648607 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a type of microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) that is characterized by growth retardation and neurodevelopmental defects, including reports of retinopathy. Mutations in key mediators of the replication stress response, the mutually dependent partners ATR and ATRIP, are among the known causes of Seckel syndrome. However, it remains unclear how their deficiency disrupts the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the cellular and molecular consequences of ATRIP deficiency in different cell populations of the developing murine neural retina. We discovered that conditional inactivation of Atrip in photoreceptor neurons did not affect their survival or function. In contrast, Atrip deficiency in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) led to severe lamination defects followed by secondary photoreceptor degeneration and loss of vision. Furthermore, we showed that RPCs lacking functional ATRIP exhibited higher levels of replicative stress and accumulated endogenous DNA damage that was accompanied by stabilization of TRP53. Notably, inactivation of Trp53 prevented apoptosis of Atrip-deficient progenitor cells and was sufficient to rescue retinal dysplasia, neurodegeneration and loss of vision. Together, these results reveal an essential role of ATRIP-mediated replication stress response in CNS development and suggest that the TRP53-mediated apoptosis of progenitor cells might contribute to retinal malformations in Seckel syndrome and other MPD disorders.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Pedro B Tan
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Maurício Rocha-Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara F Charlier
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Anielle L Gomes
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131 Germany
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131 Germany
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin T, Du J, Zheng X, Zhou P, Li P, Lu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of MeJA-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factors involved in notoginsenosides biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:290. [PMID: 32550109 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential transcriptome analysis is an effective method for gene selection of triterpene saponin biosynthetic pathways. MeJA-induced differential transcriptome of Panax notoginseng has not been analyzed yet. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis of P. notoginseng roots and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced roots revealed 83,532 assembled unigenes and 21,947 differentially expressed unigenes. Sixteen AP2/ERF transcription factors, which were significantly induced by MeJA treatment in the root of P. notoginseng, were selected for further analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and co-expression network analysis of the 16 AP2/ERF transcription factors showed that PnERF2 and PnERF3 had significant correlation with dammarenediol II synthase gene (DS) and squalene epoxidase gene (SE), which are key genes in notoginsenoside biosynthesis, in different tissues and MeJA-induced roots. A phylogenetic tree was conducted to analyze the 16 candidate AP2/ERF transcription factors and other 38 transcription factors. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed PnERF2, AtERF3, AtERF7, TcERF12 and other seven transcriptional factors are in same branch, while PnERF3 had close evolutionary relationships with AtDREB1A, GhERF38 and TcAP2. The results of comparative transcriptomes and AP2/ERF transcriptional factors analysis laid a solid foundation for further investigations of disease resistance and notoginsenoside biosynthesis in P. notoginseng.
Collapse
|
27
|
Protective Mechanisms Against DNA Replication Stress in the Nervous System. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070730. [PMID: 32630049 PMCID: PMC7397197 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise replication of DNA and the successful segregation of chromosomes are essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information during the cell cycle. Alterations in the dynamics of genome replication, also referred to as DNA replication stress, may lead to DNA damage and, consequently, mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Extensive research has revealed that DNA replication stress drives genome instability during tumorigenesis. Over decades, genetic studies of inherited syndromes have established a connection between the mutations in genes required for proper DNA repair/DNA damage responses and neurological diseases. It is becoming clear that both the prevention and the responses to replication stress are particularly important for nervous system development and function. The accurate regulation of cell proliferation is key for the expansion of progenitor pools during central nervous system (CNS) development, adult neurogenesis, and regeneration. Moreover, DNA replication stress in glial cells regulates CNS tumorigenesis and plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Here, we review how replication stress generation and replication stress response (RSR) contribute to the CNS development, homeostasis, and disease. Both cell-autonomous mechanisms, as well as the evidence of RSR-mediated alterations of the cellular microenvironment in the nervous system, were discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Stinson JL, Brault JA, Delk PR, Graham BH, Karmazyn B, Hall B, Weaver DD. An apparent new syndrome of extreme short stature, microcephaly, dysmorphic faces, intellectual disability, and a bone dysplasia of unknown etiology. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1562-1571. [PMID: 32426895 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 26-year-old male with extreme short stature, microcephaly, macroglossia, other dysmorphic features, severe intellectual disability, and a bone dysplasia. The patient had an extensive genetic and biochemical evaluation that was all normal or noninformative. Recently, the proband died following a period of not eating. He likely had a previously undescribed syndrome of unknown etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stinson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brault
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, and Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paula R Delk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Boaz Karmazyn
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan Hall
- Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - David D Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Razmara E, Azimi H, Bitaraf A, Daneshmand MA, Galehdari M, Dokhanchi M, Esmaeilzadeh‐Gharehdaghi E, Garshasbi M. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel variant in an Iranian patient affected by pycnodysostosis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1118. [PMID: 31944631 PMCID: PMC7057126 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has emerged as a successful diagnostic tool in molecular genetics laboratories worldwide. In this study, we aimed to find the potential genetic cause of skeletal disease, a heterogeneous disease, revealing the obvious short stature phenotype. In an Iranian family, we used solo-WES in a suspected patient to decipher the potential genetic cause(s). METHODS A comprehensive clinical and genotyping examination was applied to suspect the disease of the patient. The solo clinical WES was exploited, and the derived data were filtered according to the standard pipelines. In order to validate the WES finding, the region harboring the candidate variant in the CTSK gene was amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced directly by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Sequence analysis revealed a rare novel nonsense variant, p.(Trp320*); c.905G>A, in the CTSK gene (NM_000396.3). In silico analysis shed light on the contribution of the variant to the pathogenicity of pycnodysostosis. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and further clinical examinations of the patient confirmed the disease. CONCLUSION The present study shows a rare variant of the CTSK gene, which inherited as autosomal recessive, in an Iranian male patient with pycnodysostosis. Taken together, the novel nonsense CTSK variant meets the criteria of being likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) variant interpretation guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | | | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Mohammad Galehdari
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maryam Dokhanchi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dehghan Tezerjani M, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Hozhabri H, Rahmanian M. A Novel PCNT Frame Shift Variant (c.7511delA) Causing Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism of Majewski Type 2 (MOPD II). Front Pediatr 2020; 8:340. [PMID: 32671003 PMCID: PMC7330014 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is an autosomal recessive and skeletal disorder included wide spectrum of clinical abnormalities such as fetal growth restriction, disproportionate face, microcephaly, post-natal growth retardation, adult height under 100 cm, abnormal skin pigmentation, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to cerebrovascular and hematologic abnormalities. Due to heterogeneous feature of MOPDs diseases and common clinical features among the different subtypes, mutation analysis can be considered as fundamental in the accurate diagnosis and confirmation of the MOPD II disease. Some studies revealed that, variants of gene encoding Pericentrin protein, PCNT, were associated with MOPD II. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing based on the next generation sequencing (Illumina platform), to perform correct diagnosis in a 17-year-old girl with an unknown disease who was referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd, Iran. The clinical features of the patient were short stature, generalized brachydactyly, gradual deterioration of brain functioning, menstrual irregularity, clitoromegaly, acanthosis nigricans, diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Accordingly, her parents were also first cousin with no background disease. After identifying the novel variant, it was confirmed in the proband and her family using bi-directional Sanger sequencing, and its pathogenicity was also checked by different online tools. Results: Our study revealed a novel frame-shift variant in PCNT gene (c.7511delA, p.K2504Sfs*27), which causes premature termination of Pericentrin protein. The result disclosed that, the proband was affected by MOPD II disease. In addition, the Sanger sequencing confirmed the novel homozygote variant in the proband and heterozygote one in her parents, and the extended family perfectly segregated among them. Online tools such as Varsome and MutationTaster also showed a high level of pathogenicity for the variant identified. Conclusion: A novel variant was identified in the proband and her extended family, which emphasized the importance of PCNT gene mutations analysis in the screening and accurate identification of MOPD II disease, especially in prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Hozhabri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Masoud Rahmanian
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rotelli MD, Bolling AM, Killion AW, Weinberg AJ, Dixon MJ, Calvi BR. An RNAi Screen for Genes Required for Growth of Drosophila Wing Tissue. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3087-3100. [PMID: 31387856 PMCID: PMC6778782 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and tissue growth must be coordinated with development. Defects in these processes are the basis for a number of diseases, including developmental malformations and cancer. We have conducted an unbiased RNAi screen for genes that are required for growth in the Drosophila wing, using GAL4-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) fly strains made by the Drosophila RNAi Screening Center. shRNA expression down the center of the larval wing disc using dpp-GAL4, and the central region of the adult wing was then scored for tissue growth and wing hair morphology. Out of 4,753 shRNA crosses that survived to adulthood, 18 had impaired wing growth. FlyBase and the new Alliance of Genome Resources knowledgebases were used to determine the known or predicted functions of these genes and the association of their human orthologs with disease. The function of eight of the genes identified has not been previously defined in Drosophila The genes identified included those with known or predicted functions in cell cycle, chromosome segregation, morphogenesis, metabolism, steroid processing, transcription, and translation. All but one of the genes are similar to those in humans, and many are associated with disease. Knockdown of lin-52, a subunit of the Myb-MuvB transcription factor, or βNACtes6, a gene involved in protein folding and trafficking, resulted in a switch from cell proliferation to an endoreplication growth program through which wing tissue grew by an increase in cell size (hypertrophy). It is anticipated that further analysis of the genes that we have identified will reveal new mechanisms that regulate tissue growth during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rotelli
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 and
| | - Anna M Bolling
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 and
| | - Andrew W Killion
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 and
| | | | - Michael J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 and
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 and
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
González-Del Angel A, Bisciglia M, Vargas-Cañas S, Fernandez-Valverde F, Kazakova E, Escobar RE, Romero NB, Jardel C, Rucheton B, Stojkovic T, Malfatti E. Novel Phenotypes and Cardiac Involvement Associated With DNA2 Genetic Variants. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31636600 PMCID: PMC6787284 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To report two novel DNA2 gene mutations causing early onset myopathy with cardiac involvement and late onset mitochondriopathy with rhabdomyolysis. Methods: We performed detailed clinical, muscle histopathology and molecular studies including mitochondrial gene NGS analysis in two patients (Patient 1 and 2), a mother and her son, belonging to a Mexican family, and a third sporadic French patient. Results: Patient 1 and 2 presented with an early onset myopathy associated with ptosis, velopharyngeal weakness, and cardiac involvement. Patient 3 presented rhabdomyolysis unmasking a mitochondrial disease characterized by a sensorineural hearing loss, ptosis, and lipomas. Muscle biopsies performed in all patients showed variable mitochondrial alterations. Patient 3 had multiple mtDNA deletion in his muscle. Genetic studies revealed a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation in DNA2 gene (c.2346delT p.Phe782Leufs*3) in P1 and P2, and a novel heterozygous missense mutation in DNA2 gene (c.578T>C p.Leu193Ser) in the P3. Conclusions: To date only few AD cases presenting either missense or truncating DNA2 variants have been reported. None of them presented with a cardiac involvement or rhabdomyolysis. Here we enlarge the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of DNA2-related mitochondrial disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna González-Del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michela Bisciglia
- AP-HP, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Steven Vargas-Cañas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurochirurgia, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Fernandez-Valverde
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurochirurgia, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ekaterina Kazakova
- Cedimemm: Centro de Diagnóstico en Metabolismo Energético y Medicina Mitocondrial, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Escobar
- Unit of Muscle Dystrophies, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion (INR), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma B Romero
- AP-HP, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurochirurgia, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cedimemm: Centro de Diagnóstico en Metabolismo Energético y Medicina Mitocondrial, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unit of Muscle Dystrophies, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion (INR), Mexico City, Mexico.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherches, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Claude Jardel
- AP-HP, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, U.F. Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Rucheton
- AP-HP, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, U.F. Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- AP-HP, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Service Neurologie Médicale, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaire Paris-Nord, CHU Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France.,U1179 UVSQ-INSERM Handicap Neuromusculaire: Physiologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologie Appliquées, UFR des Sciences de la santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Microcephalic osteodyplastic primordial dwarfism type II: case report with unique oral findings and a new mutation in the pericentrin gene. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:e204-e211. [PMID: 31606423 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism (MOPD) type II (OMIM 210720) is a rare autosomal recessive form of primordial dwarfism, characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, and osteodysplastic skeletal changes. The dental literature describing the oral manifestations of this syndrome is scarce. STUDY DESIGN The aim of this article is to report the case of an 8-year-old male of Indian origin with MOPD type II and to describe his oral and dental manifestations. Genetic analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS The patient presented with interesting dental findings, including oligodontia, enamel hypoplasia, early exfoliation of primary dentition, accelerated eruption of permanent teeth with generalized grade II mobility, histopathologic features suggestive of dentin dysplasia, and a new mutation in the Pericentrin gene, which has not been documented earlier. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report from India of a case with this syndrome. The article presents various dentomaxillofacial features that have not been documented in dental literature earlier with sufficient evidence.
Collapse
|
34
|
ATM, DNA-PKcs and ATR: shaping development through the regulation of the DNA damage responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42764-019-00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Kalogeropoulou A, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Cortical Development and Brain Malformations: Insights From the Differential Regulation of Early Events of DNA Replication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:29. [PMID: 30915332 PMCID: PMC6421272 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex distinct populations of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are defined by differences in their cell cycle duration, self-renewal capacity and transcriptional profile. A key difference across the distinct populations of NSCs is the length of G1 phase, where the licensing of the DNA replication origins takes place by the assembly of a pre-replicative complex. Licensing of DNA replication is a process that is adapted accordingly to the cell cycle length of NSCs to secure the timed duplication of the genome. Moreover, DNA replication should be efficiently coordinated with ongoing transcription for the prevention of conflicts that would impede the progression of both processes, compromising the normal course of development. In the present review we discuss how the differential regulation of the licensing and initiation of DNA replication in different cortical NSCs populations is integrated with the properties of these stem cells populations. Moreover, we examine the implication of the initial steps of DNA replication in the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodevelopmental defects and Zika virus-related microcephaly, highlighting the significance of the differential regulation of DNA replication during brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Verification and rectification of cell type-specific splicing of a Seckel syndrome-associated ATR mutation using iPS cell model. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:445-458. [PMID: 30846821 PMCID: PMC8075875 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Seckel syndrome (SS) is a rare spectrum of congenital severe microcephaly and dwarfism. One SS-causative gene is Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related Protein (ATR), and ATR (c.2101 A>G) mutation causes skipping of exon 9, resulting in a hypomorphic ATR defect. This mutation is considered the cause of an impaired response to DNA replication stress, the main function of ATR, contributing to the pathogenesis of microcephaly. However, the precise behavior and impact of this splicing defect in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is unclear. To address this, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts carrying the ATR mutation and an isogenic ATR-corrected counterpart iPSC clone. SS-patient-derived iPSCs (SS-iPSCs) exhibited cell type-specific splicing; exon 9 was dominantly skipped in fibroblasts and iPSC-derived NPCs, but it was included in undifferentiated iPSCs and definitive endodermal cells. SS-iPSC-derived NPCs (SS-NPCs) showed distinct expression profiles from ATR non-mutated NPCs with negative enrichment of neuronal genesis-related gene sets. In SS-NPCs, abnormal mitotic spindles occurred more frequently than in gene-corrected counterparts, and the alignment of NPCs in the surface of the neurospheres was perturbed. Finally, we tested several splicing-modifying compounds and found that TG003, a CLK1 inhibitor, could pharmacologically rescue the exon 9 skipping in SS-NPCs. Treatment with TG003 restored the ATR kinase activity in SS-NPCs and decreased the frequency of abnormal mitotic events. In conclusion, our iPSC model revealed a novel effect of the ATR mutation in mitotic processes of NPCs and NPC-specific missplicing, accompanied by the recovery of neuronal defects using a splicing rectifier.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tang G, Shi J, Wu W, Yue X, Zhang W. Sequence-based bacterial small RNAs prediction using ensemble learning strategies. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:503. [PMID: 30577759 PMCID: PMC6302447 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) have emerged as important elements in diverse physiological processes, including growth, development, cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolic reactions and carbon metabolism, and attract great attention. Accurate prediction of sRNAs is important and challenging, and helps to explore functions and mechanism of sRNAs. Results In this paper, we utilize a variety of sRNA sequence-derived features to develop ensemble learning methods for the sRNA prediction. First, we compile a balanced dataset and four imbalanced datasets. Then, we investigate various sRNA sequence-derived features, such as spectrum profile, mismatch profile, reverse compliment k-mer and pseudo nucleotide composition. Finally, we consider two ensemble learning strategies to integrate all features for building ensemble learning models for the sRNA prediction. One is the weighted average ensemble method (WAEM), which uses the linear weighted sum of outputs from the individual feature-based predictors to predict sRNAs. The other is the neural network ensemble method (NNEM), which trains a deep neural network by combining diverse features. In the computational experiments, we evaluate our methods on these five datasets by using 5-fold cross validation. WAEM and NNEM can produce better results than existing state-of-the-art sRNA prediction methods. Conclusions WAEM and NNEM have great potential for the sRNA prediction, and are helpful for understanding the biological mechanism of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Tang
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingwen Shi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Yue
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Finken MJJ, van der Steen M, Smeets CCJ, Walenkamp MJE, de Bruin C, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Wit JM. Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Differential Diagnosis, Molecular Genetic Evaluation, and Implications. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:851-894. [PMID: 29982551 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length below -2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are multifactorial and include maternal lifestyle and obstetric factors, placental dysfunction, and numerous fetal (epi)genetic abnormalities. Short-term consequences of SGA include increased risks of hypothermia, polycythemia, and hypoglycemia. Although most SGA infants show catch-up growth by 2 years of age, ∼10% remain short. Short children born SGA are amenable to GH treatment, which increases their adult height by on average 1.25 SD. Add-on treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may be considered in early pubertal children with an expected adult height below -2.5 SDS. A small birth size increases the risk of later neurodevelopmental problems and cardiometabolic diseases. GH treatment does not pose an additional risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolina C J Smeets
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie J E Walenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Speech and language delay in a patient with WDR4 mutations. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:468-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
40
|
Imbert-Bouteille M, Mau Them FT, Thevenon J, Guignard T, Gatinois V, Riviere JB, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Sanchez E, Apparailly F, Geneviève D, Willems M. LARP7 variants and further delineation of the Alazami syndrome phenotypic spectrum among primordial dwarfisms: 2 sisters. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:161-166. [PMID: 30006060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alazami syndrome (AS) (MIM# 615071) is an autosomal recessive microcephalic primordial dwarfism (PD) with recognizable facial features and severe intellectual disability due to depletion or loss of function variants in LARP7. To date, 15 patients with AS have been reported. Here we describe two consanguineous Algerian sisters with Alazami PD due to LARP7 homozygous pathogenic variants detected by whole exome sequencing. By comparing these two additional cases with those previously reported, we strengthen the key features of AS: severe growth restriction, severe intellectual disability and some distinguishing facial features such as broad nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, full lips and abnormally set teeth. We also report significant new findings enabling further delineation of this syndrome: disproportionately mild microcephaly, stereotypic hand wringing and severe anxiety, thickened skin over the hands and feet, and skeletal, eye and heart malformations. From previous reviews, we summarize the main etiologies of PD according to the involved mechanisms and cellular pathways, highlighting their clinical core features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Imbert-Bouteille
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau Them
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France; Unité Inserm, U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, France; Centre de Génétique, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Thomas Guignard
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Riviere
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie - CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Evry, France
| | - Elodie Sanchez
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France; Unité Inserm, U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Apparailly
- Unité Inserm, U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France; Unité Inserm, U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Plateforme Recherche de Microremaniements Chromosomiques, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France; Unité Inserm, U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu D, Sun C, Zhou Z, Wu B, Yang L, Chang Z, Zhang M, Xi L, Cheng R, Ni J, Luo F. Novel aggrecan variant, p. Gln2364Pro, causes severe familial nonsyndromic adult short stature and poor growth hormone response in Chinese children. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 29769040 PMCID: PMC5956957 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the aggrecan (ACAN) gene can cause short stature (with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes), impaired bone maturation, and large variations in response to growth hormone (GH) treatment. For such cases, long-term longitudinal therapy data from China are still scarce. We report that a previously unknown ACAN gene variant reduces adult height and we analyze the GH response in children from an affected large Chinese family. METHODS Two children initially diagnosed with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and a third mildly short child from a large Chinese family presented with poor GH response. Genetic etiology was identified by whole exome sequencing and confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Adult heights were analyzed, and the responses to GH treatment of the proband and two affected relatives are summarized and compared to other cases reported in the literature. RESULTS A novel ACAN gene variant c.7465 T > C (p. Gln2364Pro), predicted to be disease causing, was discovered in the children, without evident syndromic short stature; mild bone abnormity was present in these children, including cervical-vertebral clefts and apophyses in the upper and lower thoracic vertebrae. Among the variant carriers, the average adult male and female heights were reduced by - 5.2 and - 3.9 standard deviation scores (SDS), respectively. After GH treatment of the three children, first-year heights increased from 0.23 to 0.33 SDS (cases in the literature: - 0.5 to 0.8 SDS), and the average yearly height improvement was 0.0 to 0.26 SDS (cases in the literature: - 0.5 to 0.9 SDS). CONCLUSIONS We report a novel pathogenic ACAN variant in a large Chinese family which can cause severe adult nonsyndromic short stature without evident family history of bone disease. The evaluated cases and the reports from the literature reveal a general trend of gradually diminishing yearly height growth (measured in SDS) over the course of GH treatment in variant-carrying children, highlighting the need to develop novel management regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Zeyi Zhou
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Zhuo Chang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Li Xi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ruoqian Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jinwen Ni
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Andrade AC, Jee YH, Nilsson O. New Genetic Diagnoses of Short Stature Provide Insights into Local Regulation of Childhood Growth
. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:22-37. [PMID: 28334714 DOI: 10.1159/000455850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature is a common condition with a heterogeneous etiology. Advances in genetic methods, including genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics approaches, have emerged as important tools to identify the genetic defects in families with monogenic short stature. These findings have contributed to the understanding of growth regulation and indicate that growth plate chondrogenesis, and therefore linear growth, is governed by a large number of genes important for different signaling pathways and cellular functions, including genetic defects in hormonal regulation, paracrine signaling, cartilage matrix, and fundamental cellular processes. In addition, mutations in the same gene can cause a wide phenotypic spectrum depending on the severity and mode of inheritance of the mutation.
.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anenisia C Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Section of Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li H, Liu ZW, Wu ZJ, Wang YX, Teng RM, Zhuang J. Differentially expressed protein and gene analysis revealed the effects of temperature on changes in ascorbic acid metabolism in harvested tea leaves. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:65. [PMID: 30302261 PMCID: PMC6165846 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tea is an important non-alcoholic beverage worldwide. Tea quality is determined by numerous secondary metabolites in harvested tea leaves, including tea polyphenols, theanine, caffeine, and ascorbic acid (AsA). AsA metabolism in harvested tea leaves is affected by storage and transportation temperature. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AsA metabolism in harvested tea leaves exposed to different storage and transportation temperature conditions remain unclear. Here we performed RP-HPLC to detect dynamic changes in AsA content in tea leaves subjected to high- (38 °C), low- (4 °C), or room-temperature (25 °C) treatments. The AsA distribution and levels in the treated tea leaves were analyzed using cytological-anatomical characterization methods. The differentially expressed CsAPX1 and CsDHAR2 proteins, which are involved in the AsA recycling pathway, were identified from the corresponding proteomic data using iTRAQ. We also analyzed the expression profiles of 18 genes involved in AsA metabolism, including CsAPX1 and CsDHAR2. AsA was mainly distributed in tea leaf mesophyll cells. High- and low-temperature treatments upregulated the CsAPX1 and CsDHAR2 proteins and induced CsAPX and CsDHAR2 gene expression. These results indicated that the CsAPX1 and CsDHAR2 proteins might have critical roles in AsA recycling in tea leaves. Our results provide a foundation for the in-depth investigation of AsA metabolism in tea leaves during storage and transportation, and they will promote better tea flavor in tea production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu Z, Jie H, Chen B, Gaur U, Wu N, Gao J, Li P, Zhao G, Zeng D, Yang M, Li D. Illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Chinese forest musk deer. J Genet 2017; 96:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
45
|
DNA Damage as a Driver for Growth Delay: Chromosome Instability Syndromes with Intrauterine Growth Retardation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8193892. [PMID: 29238724 PMCID: PMC5702399 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous mutagenic stimuli that are capable of producing diverse lesions. In order to protect the integrity of the genetic material, a wide array of DNA repair systems that can target each specific lesion has evolved. Despite the availability of several repair pathways, a common general program known as the DNA damage response (DDR) is stimulated to promote lesion detection, signaling, and repair in order to maintain genetic integrity. The genes that participate in these pathways are subject to mutation; a loss in their function would result in impaired DNA repair and genomic instability. When the DDR is constitutionally altered, every cell of the organism, starting from development, will show DNA damage and subsequent genomic instability. The cellular response to this is either uncontrolled proliferation and cell cycle deregulation that ensues overgrowth, or apoptosis and senescence that result in tissue hypoplasia. These diverging growth abnormalities can clinically translate as cancer or growth retardation; both features can be found in chromosome instability syndromes (CIS). The analysis of the clinical, cellular, and molecular phenotypes of CIS with intrauterine growth retardation allows inferring that replication alteration is their unifying feature.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rapid DNA Synthesis During Early Drosophila Embryogenesis Is Sensitive to Maternal Humpty Dumpty Protein Function. Genetics 2017; 207:935-947. [PMID: 28942426 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Problems with DNA replication cause cancer and developmental malformations. It is not fully understood how DNA replication is coordinated with development and perturbed in disease. We had previously identified the Drosophila gene humpty dumpty (hd), and showed that null alleles cause incomplete DNA replication, tissue undergrowth, and lethality. Animals homozygous for the missense allele, hd272-9 , were viable, but adult females had impaired amplification of eggshell protein genes in the ovary, resulting in the maternal effects of thin eggshells and embryonic lethality. Here, we show that expression of an hd transgene in somatic cells of the ovary rescues amplification and eggshell synthesis but not embryo viability. The germline of these mothers remain mutant for the hd272-9 allele, resulting in reduced maternal Hd protein and embryonic arrest during mitosis of the first few S/M nuclear cleavage cycles with chromosome instability and chromosome bridges. Epistasis analysis of hd with the rereplication mutation plutonium indicates that the chromosome bridges of hd embryos are the result of a failed attempt to segregate incompletely replicated sister chromatids. This study reveals that maternally encoded Humpty dumpty protein is essential for DNA replication and genome integrity during the little-understood embryonic S/M cycles. Moreover, the two hd272-9 maternal-effect phenotypes suggest that ovarian gene amplification and embryonic cleavage are two time periods in development that are particularly sensitive to mild deficits in DNA replication function. This last observation has broader relevance for interpreting why mild mutations in the human ortholog of humpty dumpty and other DNA replication genes cause tissue-specific malformations of microcephalic dwarfisms.
Collapse
|
47
|
Evrony GD, Cordero DR, Shen J, Partlow JN, Yu TW, Rodin RE, Hill RS, Coulter ME, Lam ATN, Jayaraman D, Gerrelli D, Diaz DG, Santos C, Morrison V, Galli A, Tschulena U, Wiemann S, Martel MJ, Spooner B, Ryu SC, Elhosary PC, Richardson JM, Tierney D, Robinson CA, Chibbar R, Diudea D, Folkerth R, Wiebe S, Barkovich AJ, Mochida GH, Irvine J, Lemire EG, Blakley P, Walsh CA. Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a noncoding mutation in the genome replication factor DONSON as the cause of microcephaly-micromelia syndrome. Genome Res 2017. [PMID: 28630177 PMCID: PMC5538549 DOI: 10.1101/gr.219899.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While next-generation sequencing has accelerated the discovery of human disease genes, progress has been largely limited to the “low hanging fruit” of mutations with obvious exonic coding or canonical splice site impact. In contrast, the lack of high-throughput, unbiased approaches for functional assessment of most noncoding variants has bottlenecked gene discovery. We report the integration of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), which surveys all mRNAs to reveal functional impacts of variants at the transcription level, into the gene discovery framework for a unique human disease, microcephaly-micromelia syndrome (MMS). MMS is an autosomal recessive condition described thus far in only a single First Nations population and causes intrauterine growth restriction, severe microcephaly, craniofacial anomalies, skeletal dysplasia, and neonatal lethality. Linkage analysis of affected families, including a very large pedigree, identified a single locus on Chromosome 21 linked to the disease (LOD > 9). Comprehensive genome sequencing did not reveal any pathogenic coding or canonical splicing mutations within the linkage region but identified several nonconserved noncoding variants. RNA-seq analysis detected aberrant splicing in DONSON due to one of these noncoding variants, showing a causative role for DONSON disruption in MMS. We show that DONSON is expressed in progenitor cells of embryonic human brain and other proliferating tissues, is co-expressed with components of the DNA replication machinery, and that Donson is essential for early embryonic development in mice as well, suggesting an essential conserved role for DONSON in the cell cycle. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrating transcriptomics into the study of human genetic disease when DNA sequencing alone is not sufficient to reveal the underlying pathogenic mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad D Evrony
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dwight R Cordero
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Partners Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Rachel E Rodin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael E Coulter
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Anh-Thu N Lam
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Divya Jayaraman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dianne Gerrelli
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Diana G Diaz
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Santos
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Morrison
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Tschulena
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jocelyne Martel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Betty Spooner
- Northern Medical Services, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0L4, Canada
| | - Steven C Ryu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Princess C Elhosary
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jillian M Richardson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Tierney
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Christopher A Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Dana Diudea
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Rebecca Folkerth
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sheldon Wiebe
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - James Irvine
- Northern Medical Services, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0L4, Canada.,Population Health Unit, Mamawetan Churchill River and Keewatin-Yatthé Health Regions, and Athabasca Health Authority, La Ronge, Saskatchewan S0J 1L0, Canada
| | - Edmond G Lemire
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Patricia Blakley
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Short stature is a common and heterogeneous condition that is often genetic in etiology. For most children with genetic short stature, the specific molecular causes remain unknown; but with advances in exome/genome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, new genetic causes of growth disorders have been identified, contributing to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of longitudinal bone growth and growth failure. Identifying new genetic causes of growth disorders has the potential to improve diagnosis, prognostic accuracy, and individualized management, and help avoid unnecessary testing for endocrine and other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA.
| | - Anenisia C Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavägen 1, Solna 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavägen 1, Solna 171 77, Sweden; University Hospital, Örebro University, Södra Grev Rosengatan, Örebro 701 85, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review will provide an overview of the microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) class of disorders and provide the reader comprehensive clinical review with suggested care guidelines for patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type II (MOPDII). RECENT FINDINGS Over the last 15 years, significant strides have been made in the diagnosis, natural history, and management of MOPDII. MOPDII is the most common and well described form of MPD. The classic features of the MPD group are severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, with marked microcephaly. In addition to these features, individuals with MOPDII have characteristic facies, skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the pericentrin gene cause MOPDII, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Bober
- 0000 0001 2166 5843grid.265008.9Stanley Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland-Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| |
Collapse
|