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Demirhan O, Yüksel B, Yilmaz S, Cetinel N. Different Clinical Effects of Ectodermal Dysplasias in Four Generations. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:918-920. [PMID: 37276991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Demirhan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
| | - B Yüksel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - S Yilmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - N Cetinel
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Demirhan O, Yüksel B, Yilmaz S, Cetinel N. Different Clinical Effects of Ectodermal Dysplasias in Four Generations. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:T918-T920. [PMID: 37716501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Demirhan
- Departamento de Medicina Biológica y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Çukurova, Adana, Turquía.
| | - B Yüksel
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Çukurova, Adana, Turquía
| | - S Yilmaz
- Departamento de Endodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Çukurova, Adana, Turquía
| | - N Cetinel
- Departamento de Medicina Biológica y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Çukurova, Adana, Turquía
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Di Fiore A, Bellardinelli S, Pirone L, Russo R, Angrisani A, Terriaca G, Bowen M, Bordin F, Besharat ZM, Canettieri G, Fabretti F, Di Gaetano S, Di Marcotullio L, Pedone E, Moretti M, De Smaele E. KCTD1 is a new modulator of the KCASH family of Hedgehog suppressors. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100926. [PMID: 37597490 PMCID: PMC10462845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in many developmental processes and, when deregulated, may contribute to several cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, several Hh inhibitors have been developed, mainly acting on the Smo receptor. However, drug resistance due to Smo mutations or non-canonical Hh pathway activation highlights the need to identify further mechanisms of Hh pathway modulation. Among these, deacetylation of the Hh transcription factor Gli1 by the histone deacetylase HDAC1 increases Hh activity. On the other end, the KCASH family of oncosuppressors binds HDAC1, leading to its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, leaving Gli1 acetylated and not active. It was recently demonstrated that the potassium channel containing protein KCTD15 is able to interact with KCASH2 protein and stabilize it, enhancing its effect on HDAC1 and Hh pathway. KCTD15 and KCTD1 proteins share a high homology and are clustered in a specific KCTD subfamily. We characterize here KCTD1 role on the Hh pathway. Therefore, we demonstrated KCTD1 interaction with KCASH1 and KCASH2 proteins, and its role in their stabilization by reducing their ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Consequently, KCTD1 expression reduces HDAC1 protein levels and Hh/Gli1 activity, inhibiting Hh dependent cell proliferation in Hh tumour cells. Furthermore, analysis of expression data on publicly available databases indicates that KCTD1 expression is reduced in Hh dependent MB samples, compared to normal cerebella, suggesting that KCTD1 may represent a new putative target for therapeutic approaches against Hh-dependent tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Bellardinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - L Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Russo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Angrisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Terriaca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M Bowen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Bordin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Z M Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Fabretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - L Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - E De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Lau CH, Tin C, Suh Y. CRISPR-based strategies for targeted transgene knock-in and gene correction. Fac Rev 2020; 9:20. [PMID: 33659952 PMCID: PMC7886068 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few years have seen tremendous advances in CRISPR-mediated genome editing. Great efforts have been made to improve the efficiency, specificity, editing window, and targeting scope of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transgene knock-in and gene correction. In this article, we comprehensively review recent progress in CRISPR-based strategies for targeted transgene knock-in and gene correction in both homology-dependent and homology-independent approaches. We cover homology-directed repair (HDR), synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ) pathways for a homology-dependent strategy and alternative DNA repair pathways such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), and mismatch repair (MMR) for a homology-independent strategy. We also discuss base editing and prime editing that enable direct conversion of nucleotides in genomic DNA without damaging the DNA or requiring donor DNA. Notably, we illustrate the key mechanisms and design principles for each strategy, providing design guidelines for multiplex, flexible, scarless gene insertion and replacement at high efficiency and specificity. In addition, we highlight next-generation base editors that provide higher editing efficiency, fewer undesired by-products, and broader targeting scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cia-Hin Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academic 1, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Tin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academic 1, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Baldridge D, Spillmann RC, Wegner DJ, Wambach JA, White FV, Sisco K, Toler TL, Dickson PI, Cole FS, Shashi V, Grange DK. Phenotypic expansion of KMT2D-related disorder: Beyond Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1053-1065. [PMID: 32083401 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in KMT2D, which encodes lysine specific methyltransferase 2D, cause autosomal dominant Kabuki syndrome, associated with distinctive dysmorphic features including arched eyebrows, long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lower lid, large protuberant ears, and fetal finger pads. Most disease-causing variants identified to date are putative loss-of-function alleles, although 15-20% of cases are attributed to missense variants. We describe here four patients (including one previously published patient) with de novo KMT2D missense variants and with shared but unusual clinical findings not typically seen in Kabuki syndrome, including athelia (absent nipples), choanal atresia, hypoparathyroidism, delayed or absent pubertal development, and extreme short stature. These individuals also lack the typical dysmorphic facial features found in Kabuki syndrome. Two of the four patients had severe interstitial lung disease. All of these variants cluster within a 40-amino-acid region of the protein that is located just N-terminal of an annotated coiled coil domain. These findings significantly expand the phenotypic spectrum of features associated with variants in KMT2D beyond those seen in Kabuki syndrome and suggest a possible new underlying disease mechanism for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Frances V White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathleen Sisco
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tomi L Toler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patricia I Dickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sotos J, Miller K, Corsmeier D, Tokar N, Kelly B, Nadella V, Zhong H, Wetzel A, Adler B, Yu CY, White P. A patient with van Maldergem syndrome with endocrine abnormalities, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and breast aplasia/hypoplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 2017:12. [PMID: 29046692 PMCID: PMC5640965 DOI: 10.1186/s13633-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background We report a female patient with endocrine abnormalities, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and amazia (breasts aplasia/hypoplasia but normal nipples and areolas) in a rare syndrome: Van Maldergem syndrome (VMS). Case presentation Our patient was first evaluated at age 4 for intellectual disability, craniofacial features, and auditory malformations. At age 15, she presented with no breast development and other findings consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. At age 37, she underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify pathogenic variants. WES revealed compound heterozygous variants in DCHS1 (rs145099391:G > A, p.P197L & rs753548138:G > A, p.T2334 M) [RefSeq NM_003737.3], diagnostic of Van Maldergem syndrome (VMS-1). VMS is a rare autosomal disorder reported in only 13 patients, characterized by intellectual disability, typical craniofacial features, auditory malformations, hearing loss, skeletal and limb malformations, brain abnormalities with periventricular neuronal heterotopia and other variable anomalies. Our patient had similar phenotypic abnormalities. She also had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and amazia. Based on the clinical findings reported, two previously published patients with VMS may also have been affected by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but endocrine abnormalities were not evaluated or mentioned. Conclusion This case highlights an individual with VMS, characterized by compound heterozygous variants in DCHS1. Our observations may provide additional information on the phenotypic spectrum of VMS, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and amazia. However, the molecular genetic basis for endocrine anomalies observed in some VMS patients, including ours, remains unexplained. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13633-017-0052-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sotos
- Section of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Katherine Miller
- Molecular & Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Donald Corsmeier
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Naomi Tokar
- Section of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Benjamin Kelly
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Vijay Nadella
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Huachun Zhong
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Amy Wetzel
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Brent Adler
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,Molecular & Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Peter White
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
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