1
|
Bowen M, Samozino P, Vonderscher M, Dutykh D, Morel B. Mathematical modeling of exercise fatigability in the severe domain: A unifying integrative framework in isokinetic condition. J Theor Biol 2024; 578:111696. [PMID: 38070705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is the decay in the ability of muscles to generate force, and results from neural and metabolic perturbations. This article presents an integrative mathematical model that describes the decrease in maximal force capacity (i.e. fatigue) over exercises performed at intensities above the critical force Fc (i.e. severe domain). The model unifies the previous Critical Power Model and All-Out Model and can be applied to any exercise described by a changing force F over time. The assumptions of the model are (i) isokinetic conditions, an intensity domain of Fc
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France.
| | - P Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - M Vonderscher
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - D Dutykh
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Causal Dynamics Pty Ltd, WA 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - B Morel
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Fiore A, Bellardinelli S, Pirone L, Russo R, Angrisani A, Terriaca G, Bowen M, Bordin F, Besharat ZM, Canettieri G, Fabretti F, Di Gaetano S, Di Marcotullio L, Pedone E, Moretti M, De Smaele E. KCTD1 is a new modulator of the KCASH family of Hedgehog suppressors. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100926. [PMID: 37597490 PMCID: PMC10462845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in many developmental processes and, when deregulated, may contribute to several cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, several Hh inhibitors have been developed, mainly acting on the Smo receptor. However, drug resistance due to Smo mutations or non-canonical Hh pathway activation highlights the need to identify further mechanisms of Hh pathway modulation. Among these, deacetylation of the Hh transcription factor Gli1 by the histone deacetylase HDAC1 increases Hh activity. On the other end, the KCASH family of oncosuppressors binds HDAC1, leading to its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, leaving Gli1 acetylated and not active. It was recently demonstrated that the potassium channel containing protein KCTD15 is able to interact with KCASH2 protein and stabilize it, enhancing its effect on HDAC1 and Hh pathway. KCTD15 and KCTD1 proteins share a high homology and are clustered in a specific KCTD subfamily. We characterize here KCTD1 role on the Hh pathway. Therefore, we demonstrated KCTD1 interaction with KCASH1 and KCASH2 proteins, and its role in their stabilization by reducing their ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Consequently, KCTD1 expression reduces HDAC1 protein levels and Hh/Gli1 activity, inhibiting Hh dependent cell proliferation in Hh tumour cells. Furthermore, analysis of expression data on publicly available databases indicates that KCTD1 expression is reduced in Hh dependent MB samples, compared to normal cerebella, suggesting that KCTD1 may represent a new putative target for therapeutic approaches against Hh-dependent tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Bellardinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - L Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Russo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Angrisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Terriaca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M Bowen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Bordin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Z M Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Fabretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - L Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - E De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trott M, Driscoll R, Bourne R, Slade J, Ingleton H, Farrell S, Bowen M, Lovell-Patel R, Kidd J, Pardhan S. Mental health support across the sight loss pathway: a qualitative exploration of eye care patients, optometrists, and ECLOs. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2554-2558. [PMID: 36627444 PMCID: PMC10397192 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of becoming visually impaired or blind is undoubtedly a highly emotional experience, requiring practical and psychological support. Information on mental health support provision in the UK across the sight-loss pathway, however, is largely unknown, especially amongst healthcare practitioners that are often sought after for advice: the referring optometrist and eye clinic liaison officer (ECLO). This study aims to ascertain the perceived accessibility and quality of mental health support across the sight-loss pathway. METHODS Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with patients with a diagnosed eye condition who had received care from a hospital eye service, referring optometrists, and ECLOs. Following interview transcription, results were synthesised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 participants were included in the analysis, of which 17 were participants with various eye conditions, five were referring optometrists, and five were ECLOs. After analysis, three broad themes emerged: (1) The emotional trauma of diagnosis (2) Availability of mental health support; (3) The point where mental health support is most needed across the sight-loss pathway. Several patients reporting that they had received no offer of support nor were they signposted to any possible sources. Referring optometrists and ECLO's agreed. CONCLUSION It is important that referring optometrists are aware of the need for mental health support services and can signpost to local support services including the third sector anytime during the referral process. Future large-scale, UK-wide research into referral practice and signposting for mental health support for patients is warranted, to identify how services can be improved in order to ensure that the wellbeing of patients is maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - R Driscoll
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Bourne
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Slade
- Royal National Institute of Blind People, London, UK
| | - H Ingleton
- Royal National Institute of Blind People, London, UK
| | - S Farrell
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Bowen
- College of Optometrists, London, UK
| | | | - J Kidd
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pratt SL, Bowen M, Hallowell GH, Shipman E, Bailey J, Redpath A. Does lesion type or severity predict outcome of therapy for horses with equine glandular gastric disease? - A retrospective study. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:150-157. [PMID: 36495212 PMCID: PMC9857143 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common condition of the horse. Misoprostol is reported to be superior to oral omeprazole and sucralfate for treatment. Long-acting intramuscular injectable omeprazole (LAIOMEP) is a novel treatment shown to be effective in a small population. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine LAIOMEP efficacy compared to misoprostol and oral omeprazole and identify characteristics that predict treatment outcome. METHODS All horses that underwent gastroscopy between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Lesions were characterised by 4 blinded observers, all of whom are diplomates in equine internal medicine, using established descriptors from the ECEIM consensus statement and subjective severity. Treatment outcome was ranked as worsened, improved or healed. Consensus lesion type, lesion severity and treatment choice were compared to outcome and data screened using univariate analysis (chi-squared) to determine whether each predicted outcome. Lesion types where univariate analysis predicted a trend (p<0.2) were included in a multiple-regression analysis to identify predictors of outcome irrespective of treatment. RESULTS Only severity significantly predicted final outcome (p = 0.025) with severe lesions being more likely to improve. Treatment choice did not significantly predict outcome. Overall healing rate was 29% (24 horses), and 43% (44 horses) improved. Treatment healing rates were 23% (10), 12% (7) and 27% (7) for LAIOMEP, misoprostol and oral omeprazole, respectively, with improvement in 69% (14), 76% (21) and 61% (9). 64% of the latter group received sucralfate. Worsening occurred in 7% (6). Treatment length varied with a median of 4 weeks (range 4-20 weeks). CONCLUSIONS This study showed poorer therapy outcome compared to previous studies. The only initial lesion descriptor to predict outcome was severity and treatment choice did not affect outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Pratt
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BonningtonUK
| | | | | | - E. Shipman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BonningtonUK
| | - J. Bailey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BonningtonUK
| | - A. Redpath
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BonningtonUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Domenico H, Beaume JB, Peyrard A, Samozino P, Bowen M, Hintzy F, Millet GP, Hayes M, Lapole T, Rupp T. Neuromuscular fatigability during repeated sprints assessed with an innovative cycle ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1189-1204. [PMID: 35212845 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repeated sprint ability is an integral component of team sports. This study aimed to evaluate fatigability development and its aetiology during and immediately after a cycle repeated sprint exercise performed until a given fatigability threshold. METHODS On an innovative cycle ergometer, 16 healthy males completed an RSE (10-s sprint/28-s recovery) until task failure (TF): a 30% decrease in sprint mean power (Pmean). Isometric maximum voluntary contraction of the quadriceps (IMVC), central alterations [voluntary activation (VA)], and peripheral alterations [twitch (Pt)] were evaluated before (pre), immediately after each sprint (post), at TF and 3 min after. Sprints were expressed as a percentage of the total number of sprints to TF (TSTF). Individual data were extrapolated at 20, 40, 60, and 80% TSTF. RESULTS Participants completed 9.7 ± 4.2 sprints before reaching a 30% decrease in Pmean. Post-sprint IMVCs were decreased from pre to 60% TSTF and then plateaued (pre: 345 ± 56 N, 60% 247 ± 55 N, TF: 233 ± 57 N, p < 0.001). Pt decreased from 20% and plateaued after 40% TSTF (p < 0.001, pre-TF = - 45 ± 13%). VA was not significantly affected by repeated sprints until 60% TSTF (pre-TF = - 6.5 ± 8.2%, p = 0.036). Unlike peripheral parameters, VA recovered within 3 min (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION During an RSE, Pmean and IMVC decreases were first concomitant to peripheral alterations up to 40% TSTF and central alterations was only observed in the second part of the test, while peripheral alterations plateaued. The distinct recovery kinetics in central versus peripheral components of fatigability further confirm the necessity to reduce traditional delays in neuromuscular fatigue assessment post-exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Di Domenico
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - J B Beaume
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - A Peyrard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - P Samozino
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - M Bowen
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - F Hintzy
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - G P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - T Lapole
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Univ Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, Chambéry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anderson LL, Heblinski M, Absalom NL, Hawkins NA, Bowen M, Benson MJ, Zhang F, Bahceci D, Doohan PT, Chebib M, McGregor IS, Kearney JA, Arnold JC. Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4826-4841. [PMID: 34384142 PMCID: PMC9292928 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cannabis has been used to treat epilepsy for millennia, with such use validated by regulatory approval of cannabidiol (CBD) for Dravet syndrome. Unregulated artisanal cannabis‐based products used to treat children with intractable epilepsies often contain relatively low doses of CBD but are enriched in other phytocannabinoids. This raises the possibility that other cannabis constituents might have anticonvulsant properties. Experimental Approach We used the Scn1a+/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome to investigate the cannabis plant for phytocannabinoids with anticonvulsant effects against hyperthermia‐induced seizures. The most promising, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), was further examined against spontaneous seizures and survival in Scn1a+/− mice and in electroshock seizure models. Pharmacological effects of CBGA were surveyed across multiple drug targets. Key Results The initial screen identified three phytocannabinoids with novel anticonvulsant properties: CBGA, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA). CBGA was most potent and potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of clobazam against hyperthermia‐induced and spontaneous seizures, and was anticonvulsant in the MES threshold test. However, CBGA was proconvulsant in the 6‐Hz threshold test and a high dose increased spontaneous seizure frequency in Scn1a+/− mice. CBGA was found to interact with numerous epilepsy‐relevant targets including GPR55, TRPV1 channels and GABAA receptors. Conclusion and Implications These results suggest that CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA may contribute to the effects of cannabis‐based products in childhood epilepsy. Although these phytocannabinoids have anticonvulsant potential and could be lead compounds for drug development programmes, several liabilities would need to be overcome before CBD is superseded by another in this class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Heblinski
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N L Absalom
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N A Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - M Bowen
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M J Benson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Bahceci
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P T Doohan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Chebib
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I S McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - J C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bowen M, Vincent RF. An assessment of the spatial extent of polar dust using satellite thermal data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:901. [PMID: 33441651 PMCID: PMC7806988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of mineral dust aerosols and subsequent deposition in polar regions has historically been underestimated in climate models. Dust aerosols increase melt rates by reducing surface albedo and modifying atmospheric radiative properties. In this study 127,413 satellite images covering the Arctic and Antarctic from 2007 to 2019 were assessed for dust content using thermal infrared wavelengths. The results show a strong linear trend in which the relative spatial extent of dust (RSED) increased annually by 0.31% in the Arctic (8.5% to 12.1%) and 0.19% in the Antarctic (5.2% to 7.5%). Seasonally, the maximum aggregated average RSED occurred in the Arctic during boreal winter (11.2%), while the Antarctic peaked in austral spring (9.5%). Maximum RSED rates occurred in boreal winter/austral summer (Dec–Jan–Feb) for both polar regions. The data suggests that finer dust particles are more efficiently distributed by aeolian processes leading to higher RSED values that are not necessarily reflective of polar dust loading models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - R F Vincent
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, K7K 7B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beaume J, Reynès C, Bowen M, Chatel L, Latil-Plat F, Ennaifer H, Rocher L, Knapp Y, Vinet A. Resting and post-exercise heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes with and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Preliminary results. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Sawlani V, Scotton S, Nader K, Jen JP, Patel M, Gokani K, Denno P, Thaller M, Englezou C, Janjua U, Bowen M, Hoskote C, Veenith T, Hassan-Smith G, Jacob S. COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:108-116. [PMID: 33023738 PMCID: PMC7491990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the neuroradiological changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of 3,403 patients who were confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and admitted to Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK between 1 March 2020 and 31 May 2020, and who underwent neuroimaging. Abnormal brain imaging was evaluated in detail and various imaging patterns on magnetic resonance imaging MRI were identified. RESULTS Of the 3,403 patients with COVID-19, 167 (4.9%) had neurological signs or symptoms warranting neuroimaging. The most common indications were delirium (44/167, 26%), focal neurology (37/167, 22%), and altered consciousness (34/167, 20%). Neuroimaging showed abnormalities in 23% of patients, with MRI being abnormal in 20 patients and computed tomography (CT) in 18 patients. The most consistent neuroradiological finding was microhaemorrhage with a predilection for the splenium of the corpus callosum (12/20, 60%) followed by acute or subacute infarct (5/20, 25%), watershed white matter hyperintensities (4/20, 20%), and susceptibility changes on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the superficial veins (3/20, 15%), acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy (2/20, 10%), large parenchymal haemorrhage (2/20, 10%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (1/20, 5%), hypoxic–ischaemic changes (1/20, 5%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes (1/20, 5%). CONCLUSION Various imaging patterns on MRI were observed including acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, white matter hyperintensities, hypoxic-ischaemic changes, ADEM-like changes, and stroke. Microhaemorrhages were the most common findings. Prolonged hypoxaemia, consumption coagulopathy, and endothelial disruption are the likely pathological drivers and reflect disease severity in this patient cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sawlani
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - S Scotton
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Nader
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J P Jen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Patel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Gokani
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Denno
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Thaller
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Englezou
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - U Janjua
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Bowen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Hoskote
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - T Veenith
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Intensive Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Hassan-Smith
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Jacob
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bowen M, Kinderman P, Cooke A. Stigma: a linguistic analysis of the UK red-top tabloids press’ representation of schizophrenia. Perspect Public Health 2019; 139:147-152. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913919835858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Media representations of mental health problems may influence readers’ understanding of, and attitude towards, people who have received psychiatric diagnoses. Negative beliefs and attitudes may then lead to discriminatory behaviour, which is understood as stigma. This study explored the language used in popular national newspapers when writing about schizophrenia and considered how this may have contributed to the processes of stigmatisation towards people with this diagnosis. Methods: Using corpus linguistic methods, a sample of newspaper articles over a 24-month period that mentioned the word ‘schizophrenia’ was compared with a similar sample of articles about diabetes. This enabled a theory-driven exploration of linguistic characteristics to explore stigmatising messages, while supported by statistical tests (log-likelihood) to compare the data sets and identify words with a high relative frequency. Results: Analysis of the ‘schizophrenia’ data set identified that overtly stigmatising language (e.g. ‘schizo’) was relatively infrequent, but that there was frequent use of linguistic signatures of violence. Articles frequently used graphic language referring to acts of violence, descriptions of violent acts, implements used in violence, identity labels and exemplars of well-known individuals who had committed violent acts. The word ‘schizophrenic’ was used with a high frequency ( n = 108) and most commonly to name individuals who had committed acts of violence. Discussion: The study suggests that while the press has largely avoided the use of words that press guidance has steered them away from (e.g. ‘schizo’ and ‘psycho’), they still use a range of graphic language to present people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as frighteningly ‘other’ and as prone to violence. This repetition of negative stereotypical messages may well contribute to the processes of stigmatisation many people who experience psychosis have to contend with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Castle Drive, Chester CH1 1SL, UK
| | | | - A Cooke
- Salomons Centre for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bowen M, Cotten SR, Peng W, Kononova A, Rikard R. WEARABLE ACTIVITY TRACKERS AND OLDER ADULTS: IMPROVING HEALTH AND INDEPENDENCE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S R Cotten
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - W Peng
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Kononova
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Rikard
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dehkharghani S, Bowen M, Haussen DC, Gleason T, Prater A, Cai Q, Kang J, Nogueira RG. Body Temperature Modulates Infarction Growth following Endovascular Reperfusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:46-51. [PMID: 27758774 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The neuronal substrate is highly sensitive to temperature elevation; however, its impact on the fate of the ischemic penumbra has not been established. We analyzed interactions between temperature and penumbral expansion among successfully reperfused patients with acute ischemic stroke, hypothesizing infarction growth and worse outcomes among patients with fever who achieve full reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 129 successfully reperfused (modified TICI 2b/3) patients (mean age, 65 ± 15 years) presenting within 12 hours of onset were examined from a prospectively collected acute ischemic stroke registry. CT perfusion was analyzed to produce infarct core, hypoperfusion, and penumbral mismatch volumes. Final DWI infarction volumes were measured, and relative infarction growth was computed. Systemic temperatures were recorded throughout hospitalization. Correlational and logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between fever (>37.5°C) and both relative infarction growth and favorable clinical outcome (90-day mRS of ≤2), corrected for NIHSS score, reperfusion times, and age. An optimized model for outcome prediction was computed by using the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS The median presentation NIHSS score was 18 (interquartile range, 14-22). Median (interquartile range) CTP-derived volumes were: core = 9.6 mL (1.5-25.3 mL); hypoperfusion = 133 mL (84.2-204 mL); and final infarct volume = 9.6 mL (8.3-45.2 mL). Highly significant correlations were observed between temperature of >37.5°C and relative infarction growth (Kendall τ correlation coefficient = 0.24, P = .002). Odds ratios for favorable clinical outcome suggested a trend toward significance for fever in predicting a 90-day mRS of ≤2 (OR = 0.31, P = .05). The optimized predictive model for favorable outcomes included age, NIHSS score, procedure time to reperfusion, and fever. Likelihood ratios confirmed the superiority of fever inclusion (P < .05). Baseline temperature, range, and maximum temperature did not meet statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that imaging and clinical outcomes may be affected by systemic temperature elevations, promoting infarction growth despite reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dehkharghani
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., T.G., A.P.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology (S.D., D.C.H., R.G.N.), Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Bowen
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., T.G., A.P.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - D C Haussen
- Department of Neurology (S.D., D.C.H., R.G.N.), Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - T Gleason
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., T.G., A.P.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A Prater
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., T.G., A.P.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Biostatistics (Q.C.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Kang
- Department of Biostatistics (J.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R G Nogueira
- Department of Neurology (S.D., D.C.H., R.G.N.), Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital and Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bowen
- British Equine Veterinary Association; Fordham Ely UK
| | - C.M. Marr
- Equine Veterinary Journal; Fordham Ely UK
| | - P.D. Clegg
- Equine Veterinary Journal; Fordham Ely UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Joly L, Muller B, Sternitzky E, Faullumel JG, Boulard A, Otero E, Choueikani F, Kappler JP, Studniarek M, Bowen M, Ohresser P. Versatile variable temperature insert at the DEIMOS beamline for in situ electrical transport measurements. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:652-657. [PMID: 27140143 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The design and the first experiments are described of a versatile cryogenic insert used for its electrical transport capabilities. The insert is designed for the cryomagnet installed on the DEIMOS beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron dedicated to magnetic characterizations through X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. This development was spurred by the multifunctional properties of novel materials such as multiferroics, in which, for example, the magnetic and electrical orders are intertwined and may be probed using XAS. The insert thus enables XAS to in situ probe this interplay. The implementation of redundant wiring and careful shielding also enables studies on operating electronic devices. Measurements on magnetic tunnel junctions illustrate the potential of the equipment toward XAS studies of in operando electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Joly
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - B Muller
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - E Sternitzky
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - J G Faullumel
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - A Boulard
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - E Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Choueikani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J P Kappler
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Studniarek
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - M Bowen
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - P Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cochrane A, LoRusso M, Fregoso M, Bowen M, Nathan S, Brown A. Hepatitis B Immunity Prior to Lung Transplantation: Three Shots and You’re Out? J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
16
|
Dehkharghani S, Bammer R, Straka M, Bowen M, Allen JW, Rangaraju S, Kang J, Gleason T, Brasher C, Nahab F. Performance of CT ASPECTS and Collateral Score in Risk Stratification: Can Target Perfusion Profiles Be Predicted without Perfusion Imaging? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1399-404. [PMID: 26965466 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular trials suggest that revascularization benefits a subset of acute ischemic stroke patients with large-artery occlusion and small-core infarct volumes. The objective of our study was to identify thresholds of noncontrast CT-ASPECTS and collateral scores on CT angiography that best predict ischemic core volume thresholds quantified by CT perfusion among patients with acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients with acute ischemic stroke (<12 hours) and MCA/intracranial ICA occlusion underwent NCCT/CTP during their initial evaluation. CTP analysis was performed on a user-independent platform (RApid processing of PerfusIon and Diffusion), computing core infarct (defined as CBF of <30% normal). A target mismatch profile consisting of infarction core of ≤50 mL was selected to define candidates with acute ischemic stroke likely to benefit from revascularization. RESULTS NCCT-ASPECTS of ≥9 with a CTA collateral score of 3 had 100% specificity for identifying patients with a CBF core volume of ≤50 mL. NCCT-ASPECTS of ≤6 had 100% specificity for identifying patients with a CBF core volume of >50 mL. In our cohort, 44 (81%) patients had an NCCT-ASPECTS of ≥9, a CTA collateral score of 3, or an NCCT-ASPECTS of ≤6. CONCLUSIONS Using an NCCT-ASPECTS of ≥9 or a CTA collateral score of 3 best predicts CBF core volume infarct of ≤50 mL, while an NCCT-ASPECTS of ≤6 best predicts a CBF core volume infarct of >50 mL. Together these thresholds suggest that a specific population of patients with acute ischemic stroke not meeting such profiles may benefit most from CTP imaging to determine candidacy for revascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dehkharghani
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., J.W.A., T.G.) Neurology (S.D., J.W.A., S.R., C.B., F.N.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - R Bammer
- Department of Radiology (R.B.), Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, California
| | - M Straka
- Institut für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin (M.S.), Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M Bowen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., J.W.A., T.G.)
| | - J W Allen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., J.W.A., T.G.) Neurology (S.D., J.W.A., S.R., C.B., F.N.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Rangaraju
- Neurology (S.D., J.W.A., S.R., C.B., F.N.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Kang
- Department of Biostatistics (J.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - T Gleason
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., M.B., J.W.A., T.G.)
| | - C Brasher
- Neurology (S.D., J.W.A., S.R., C.B., F.N.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - F Nahab
- Neurology (S.D., J.W.A., S.R., C.B., F.N.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barraud C, Bouzehouane K, Deranlot C, Kim DJ, Rakshit R, Shi S, Arabski J, Bowen M, Beaurepaire E, Boukari S, Petroff F, Seneor P, Mattana R. Phthalocyanine based molecular spintronic devices. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16694-16699. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin-dependent hybridization and spin excitation induce multiple magnetoresistance effects in phthalocyanine based spintronic devices.
Collapse
|
18
|
Davesne V, Gruber M, Studniarek M, Doh WH, Zafeiratos S, Joly L, Sirotti F, Silly MG, Gaspar AB, Real JA, Schmerber G, Bowen M, Weber W, Boukari S, Da Costa V, Arabski J, Wulfhekel W, Beaurepaire E. Hysteresis and change of transition temperature in thin films of Fe{[Me2Pyrz]3BH}2, a new sublimable spin-crossover molecule. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:194702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Davesne
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Gruber
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Studniarek
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - W. H. Doh
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Joly
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - F. Sirotti
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. G. Silly
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. B. Gaspar
- Institut de Ciència Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - J. A. Real
- Institut de Ciència Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - G. Schmerber
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Bowen
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - W. Weber
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Boukari
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - V. Da Costa
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - J. Arabski
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - W. Wulfhekel
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Beaurepaire
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schleicher F, Halisdemir U, Lacour D, Gallart M, Boukari S, Schmerber G, Davesne V, Panissod P, Halley D, Majjad H, Henry Y, Leconte B, Boulard A, Spor D, Beyer N, Kieber C, Sternitzky E, Cregut O, Ziegler M, Montaigne F, Beaurepaire E, Gilliot P, Hehn M, Bowen M. Localized states in advanced dielectrics from the vantage of spin- and symmetry-polarized tunnelling across MgO. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4547. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
20
|
Davesne V, Gruber M, Miyamachi T, Da Costa V, Boukari S, Scheurer F, Joly L, Ohresser P, Otero E, Choueikani F, Gaspar AB, Real JA, Wulfhekel W, Bowen M, Beaurepaire E. First glimpse of the soft x-ray induced excited spin-state trapping effect dynamics on spin cross-over molecules. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
21
|
Abstract
People with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder are relatively high users of inpatient and community services. There is concern, however, that mental health nurses feel negative about working with this group of people, are often socially distancing and feel under-skilled. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of good practice among mental health professionals working in a service that provided specialist treatment for this group of service users. The research was undertaken through semi-structured interviews and identified four key themes: shared decision making, social roles, peer support and open communication. These themes are discussed in the context of research in this field, the need for recovery-focused services, and through drawing on the Winnicotian notions of disillusionment and mirroring as key developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bowen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cassard X, Bowen M, Collette M, Lanternier H, de Polignac T, Robert H. Comments on: "aseptic arthritis after ACL reconstruction by Tape Locking Screw (TLS): report of two cases" by F. Colin, F. Lintz, K. Bargoin, C. Guillard, G. Venet, A. Tesson, F. Gouin published in Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012;98(3):363-5. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012; 98:854; author reply 855. [PMID: 23083805 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
25
|
Kinsella SM, Goswami A, Laxton C, Kirkham L, Wharton N, Bowen M. A clinical evaluation of four non-Luer spinal needle and syringe systems. Anaesthesia 2012; 67:1217-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Javaid S, Bowen M, Boukari S, Joly L, Beaufrand JB, Chen X, Dappe YJ, Scheurer F, Kappler JP, Arabski J, Wulfhekel W, Alouani M, Beaurepaire E. Impact on interface spin polarization of molecular bonding to metallic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:077201. [PMID: 20868071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.077201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the repercussion of the molecular adsorption mechanism on the electronic properties of the interface between model nonmagnetic or magnetic metallic surfaces and metallo-organic phthalocyanines molecules (Pcs). Our intertwined x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments and computational studies reveal that manganese Pc (MnPc) is physisorbed onto a Cu(001) surface and retains the electronic properties of a free molecule. On the other hand, MnPc is chemisorbed onto Co(001), leading to a dominant direct exchange interaction between the Mn molecular site and the Co substrate. By promoting an interfacial spin-polarized conduction state on the molecule, these interactions reveal an important lever to tailor the spintronic properties of hybrid organic-metallic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Javaid
- IPCMS UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Weekes G, Hayes N, Bowen M. Reversal of prolonged rocuronium neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex in an obstetric patient with transverse myelitis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:333-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Bertram SM, Bowen M, Kyle M, Schade JD. Extensive natural intraspecific variation in stoichiometric (C:N:p) composition in two terrestrial insect species. J Insect Sci 2008; 8:1-7. [PMID: 20298114 PMCID: PMC3061598 DOI: 10.1673/031.008.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic organisms must obtain essential elements in sufficient quantities from their food. Because plants naturally exhibit extensive variation in their elemental content, it is important to quantify the within-species stoichiometric variation of consumers. If extensive stoichiometric variation exists, it may help explain consumer variation in life-history strategy and fitness. To date, however, research on stoichiometric variation has focused on interspecific differences and assumed minimal intraspecific differences. Here this assumption is tested. Natural variation is quantified in body stoichiometry of two terrestrial insects: the generalist field cricket, Gryllus texensis Cade and Otte (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and a specialist curculionid weevil, Sabinia setosa (Le Conte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Both species exhibited extensive intraspecific stoichiometric variation. Cricket body nitrogen content ranged from 8-12% and there was a four-fold difference in body phosphorus content, ranging from 0.32-1.27%. Body size explained half this stoichiometric variation, with larger individuals containing less nitrogen and phosphorus. Weevils exhibited an almost three-fold difference in body phosphorus content, ranging from 0.38-0.97%. Overall, the variation observed within each of these species is comparable to the variation previously observed across almost all terrestrial insect species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bertram
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Greullet F, Tiusan C, Montaigne F, Hehn M, Halley D, Bengone O, Bowen M, Weber W. Evidence of a symmetry-dependent metallic barrier in fully epitaxial MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:187202. [PMID: 17995434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.187202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of tunneling across an ultrathin metallic Cr spacer layer that is inserted at the interface of a Fe/MgO/Fe(001) junction. We show how this remarkable behavior in a solid-state device reflects a quenching in the transmission of particular electronic states, as expected from the symmetry-filtering properties of the MgO barrier and the band structure of the bcc Cr(001) spacer in the epitaxial junction stack. This ultrathin Cr metallic barrier can promote quantum well states in an adjacent Fe layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Greullet
- LPM, UMR CNRS 7556, Nancy Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bowen M, Maurice JL, Barthélémy A, Bibes M, Imhoff D, Bellini V, Bertacco R, Wortmann D, Seneor P, Jacquet E, Vaurès A, Humbert J, Contour JP, Colliex C, Blügel S, Dederichs PH. Using half-metallic manganite interfaces to reveal insights into spintronics. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:315208. [PMID: 21694108 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/31/315208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A half-metal has been defined as a material with propagating electron states at the Fermi energy only for one of the two possible spin projections, and as such has been promoted as an interesting research direction for spin electronics. This review details recent advances on manganite thin film research within the field of spintronics, before presenting the structural, electronic and spin-polarized solid-state tunnelling transport studies that we have performed on heterostructures involving La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3) thin films separated by SrTiO(3) barriers. These experiments demonstrate that, with a polarization of spin [Formula: see text] electrons at the Fermi level that can reach 99%, the La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3)/SrTiO(3) interface for all practical purposes exhibits half-metallic behaviour. We offer insight into the electronic structure of the interface, including the electronic symmetry of any remaining spin [Formula: see text] states at the Fermi level. Finally, we present experiments that use the experimental half-metallic property of manganites as tools to reveal novel features of spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-ULP, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France. Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Route Départementale 128, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Starosta K, Dewald A, Dunomes A, Adrich P, Amthor AM, Baumann T, Bazin D, Bowen M, Brown BA, Chester A, Gade A, Galaviz D, Glasmacher T, Ginter T, Hausmann M, Horoi M, Jolie J, Melon B, Miller D, Moeller V, Norris RP, Pissulla T, Portillo M, Rother W, Shimbara Y, Stolz A, Vaman C, Voss P, Weisshaar D, Zelevinsky V. Shape and structure of N=Z 64Ge: electromagnetic transition rates from the application of the recoil distance method to a knockout reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:042503. [PMID: 17678356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition rate measurements are reported for the 2(1)+ and 2(2)+ states in N=Z 64Ge. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with large-scale shell-model calculations applying the recently developed GXPF1A interactions. The measurement was done using the recoil distance method (RDM) and a unique combination of state-of-the-art instruments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). States of interest were populated via an intermediate-energy single-neutron knockout reaction. RDM studies of knockout and fragmentation reaction products hold the promise of reaching far from stability and providing lifetime information for excited states in a wide range of nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Starosta
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gwinn M, Bowen M, Khoury M. Genomics and public health at CDC. MMWR Suppl 2006; 55:20-1. [PMID: 17183238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics is the study of the entire genome, including all genes and their interactions with each other and with the environment. The scope of public health genomics is even broader, encompassing genetic variation in populations, both human and microbial. Molecular typing of pathogens--a mainstay of infectious disease surveillance, prevention, and control--already is used to trace epidemics, provide information for vaccine development, and monitor drug resistance. Now genomic research is producing powerful new tools for public health; for example, a newly described, microchip-based method promises to diagnose influenza infection, distinguish among viruses of human or animal origin, and detect mutations that suggest increasing virulence--all in a matter of hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gwinn
- National Office of Public Health Genomics, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS K-89, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bowen M, Barthélémy A, Bibes M, Jacquet E, Contour JP, Fert A, Ciccacci F, Duò L, Bertacco R. Spin-polarized tunneling spectroscopy in tunnel junctions with half-metallic electrodes. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:137203. [PMID: 16197170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the magnetoresistance (TMR) of tunnel junctions with electrodes of La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO3 and we show how the variation of the conductance and TMR with the bias voltage can be exploited to obtain precise information on the spin and energy dependence of the density of states. Our analysis leads to a quantitative description of the band structure of La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO3 including the energy gap delta between the Fermi level and the bottom of the t(2g) minority-spin band, in good agreement with data from spin-polarized inverse photoemission experiments. This shows the potential of magnetic tunnel junctions with half-metallic electrodes for spin-resolved spectroscopic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, Route Départementale 129, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Molelekwa V, Akhter P, McKenna P, Bowen M, Walsh K. Eisenmenger's syndrome in a 27 week pregnancy--management with bosentan and sildenafil. Ir Med J 2005; 98:87-8. [PMID: 15869069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
35
|
Katona SJ, Bowen M, Kaminski ER. Effect of beta propiolactone viral inactivation on alpha1 antitrypsin values. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55:659-61. [PMID: 12194994 PMCID: PMC1769741 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.9.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS alpha1 Antitrypsin was undetectable in several patient samples treated with 0.5% beta propiolactone, which was used as a virucidal agent. This study was designed to confirm beta propiolactone as the cause and determine why it might have such an effect. METHODS Volumes of 0, 5, 10, and 20 micro l of beta propiolactone were added to 2 ml aliquots of serum to make final concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% of beta propiolactone. alpha1 Antitrypsin concentrations and the pH were measured at different time intervals. The effects of adding buffer before the addition of beta propiolactone, NaOH after beta propiolactone, and 6M HCl instead of beta propiolactone were also measured. RESULTS The addition of beta propiolactone to a volunteer's serum showed a fall in both alpha1 antitrypsin values and pH with increasing time and concentration of beta propiolactone. This effect was also seen when adding HCl, but was partially prevented by buffering the serum or adding NaOH. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that it is the acidity of the degradation products of beta propiolactone that is responsible for the fall in alpha1 antitrypsin values. This fall in alpha1 antitrypsin values was dependent on the concentration of beta propiolactone used and the length of time before the test was performed. The effect of beta propiolactone on laboratory tests should be re-evaluated, with attention being paid to sample pH, storage time, and storage temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Katona
- Immunology Department, Combined Laboratories, Level 7, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, Devon, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mazzocchi PH, Minamikawa S, Wilson P, Bowen M, Narian N. Photochemical additions of alkenes to phthalimides to form benzazepinediones. Additions of dienes, alkenes, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, and an allene. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00337a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
The aim of our study was to review a series of critically ill patients admitted to a high-dependency unit (HDU) in a regional obstetric centre, to assess our HDU utilisation rate and to determine the indications for and rate of transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary referral centre. A 4-year retrospective review of case notes and HDU/ICU registers was performed. One hundred and twenty-three patients were admitted to the HDU in the 2 years following its inception, representing 1.02% of all deliveries. Obstetric complications accounted for 81.3% of admissions. Seventeen patients were admitted to an ICU during the study period; 12 (0.08%) were transferred before and five (0.04%) after the development of HDU facilities (p = 0.25). The advantages of a HDU within this setting include the concurrent availability of expert obstetric care and critical care management, the avoidance of the hazards of emergency transport and improved continuity of antenatal and postnatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ryan
- Senior Specialist Registrar in Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, IrelandConsultant Anaesthetist and Consultant Obstetrician, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
King A, Allan DS, Bowen M, Powis SJ, Joseph S, Verma S, Hiby SE, McMichael AJ, Loke YW, Braud VM. HLA-E is expressed on trophoblast and interacts with CD94/NKG2 receptors on decidual NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2000. [PMID: 10898498 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200006)30: 6<1623: : aid-immu1623>3.0.co; 2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E is the ligand for CD94/NKG2 NK cell receptors. Surface expression of HLA-E requires binding of specific HLA class I leader sequences. The uterine mucosa in early pregnancy (decidua) is infiltrated by large numbers of NK cells, which are closely associated with placental trophoblast cells. In this study we demonstrate that trophoblast cells express HLA-E on their cell surface in addition to the previously reported expression of HLA-G and HLA-C. Furthermore, we show that the vast majority of decidual NK cells bind to HLA-E tetrameric complexes and this binding is inhibited by mAb to CD94. Thus, recognition of fetal HLA-E by decidual NK cells may play a key role in regulation of placentation. The functional consequences of decidual NK cell interaction were investigated in cytotoxicity assays using polyclonal decidual NK cells. The overall effect of CD94/NKG2 interaction with HLA-E is inhibition of cytotoxicity by decidual NK cells. However, since decidual NK cells are unable to kill trophoblast even in the presence of mAb to MHC class I molecules and NK cell receptors, HLA-E interaction with CD94/NKG2 receptors may regulate other functions besides cytolysis during implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A King
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
King A, Allan DS, Bowen M, Powis SJ, Joseph S, Verma S, Hiby SE, McMichael AJ, Loke YW, Braud VM. HLA-E is expressed on trophoblast and interacts with CD94/NKG2 receptors on decidual NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:1623-31. [PMID: 10898498 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200006)30:6<1623::aid-immu1623>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E is the ligand for CD94/NKG2 NK cell receptors. Surface expression of HLA-E requires binding of specific HLA class I leader sequences. The uterine mucosa in early pregnancy (decidua) is infiltrated by large numbers of NK cells, which are closely associated with placental trophoblast cells. In this study we demonstrate that trophoblast cells express HLA-E on their cell surface in addition to the previously reported expression of HLA-G and HLA-C. Furthermore, we show that the vast majority of decidual NK cells bind to HLA-E tetrameric complexes and this binding is inhibited by mAb to CD94. Thus, recognition of fetal HLA-E by decidual NK cells may play a key role in regulation of placentation. The functional consequences of decidual NK cell interaction were investigated in cytotoxicity assays using polyclonal decidual NK cells. The overall effect of CD94/NKG2 interaction with HLA-E is inhibition of cytotoxicity by decidual NK cells. However, since decidual NK cells are unable to kill trophoblast even in the presence of mAb to MHC class I molecules and NK cell receptors, HLA-E interaction with CD94/NKG2 receptors may regulate other functions besides cytolysis during implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A King
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The efficacy of acupressure at the P6 point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after Caesarean section was studied. A double-blind, randomized controlled study of acupressure vs placebo was designed. Ninety-four patients scheduled for Caesarean section were included. The anaesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were standardized. The use of acupressure reduced the incidence of nausea or vomiting from 53% to 23% compared with placebo (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.25; P = 0.002) during the operation and from 66% to 36% compared with placebo (95% CI 0.34-0.19; P = 0.003) after the operation. Other variables were similar between the groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Harmon
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bowen M, Lyons KJ, Young BE. Nursing and health care reform: implications for curriculum development. J Nurs Educ 2000; 39:27-33. [PMID: 10647022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The health care system is undergoing profound changes. Cost containment efforts and restructuring have resulted in cutbacks in registered nurse (RN) positions. These changes are often related to the increased market penetration by managed care companies. To determine how RN graduates perceive these changes and their impact on the delivery of patient care, Healthcare Environment Surveys were mailed to graduates of the classes of 1986 and 1991. Using the Survey's 5-point Likert Scale, we measured the graduates' satisfaction with their salary, quality of supervision they received, opportunities for advancement, recognition for their job, working conditions, the overall job and the changes in their careers over the previous five year period. Our study suggests that the changes in the health care system are having an impact on how health care is being delivered and the way nurses view their jobs. Respondents reported that insurance companies are exerting increased control over patient care and perceive that the quality of patient care is declining. Increased workloads and an increase in the amount of paperwork were reported. Participants perceived that there were fewer jobs available and that job security was decreasing. The percentage of nurses who see job satisfaction as remaining the same or increasing are a majority. However, the relatively high percent of nurses who see job satisfaction as declining should provide a note of warning. The major implications of this study are that the professional nursing curriculum must be modified to include content on communication, organization, legislative/policy skills, and leadership. The nation's health care system is undergoing profound changes. There are numerous forces at work that are effecting the delivery of care and, consequently, the work of health professionals. These forces include significant efforts at cost containment, restructuring and downsizing of hospitals, and the movement of health care delivery out of acute care centers and into the community. Even though cutbacks in registered nurse (RN) positions appear to have leveled off in sections of the country that have gone through restructuring and reengineering of the work place, there still remains a heavy emphasis on lowering costs by decreasing employee benefits and increasing productivity through the substitution of part-time RNs for full-time RNs and the substitution of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) for RNs. These changes are often related to the increased market penetration by managed care companies, which are not expected to abate any time soon. It is important to determine what impact these changes are having on the delivery of patient care since there is some evidence to suggest that reduction in nursing staff below certain levels is related to poor patient outcomes (Fridken et al, 1996). It is also important to assess the effect of system changes on the satisfaction level health professionals have in their jobs. This is particularly important since some researchers suggest that job dissatisfaction, over a period of time, can result in burnout and eventually, turnover (Cameron, Horsburgh, & Armstrong-Stassen, 1994; Cotterman, 1991). Finally, understanding the impact of these health care delivery system changes has significant implications for baccalaureate nursing education and the preparation needed by future nurses to help them adjust to the changed environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Abstract
Suprascapular nerve injuries at the spinoglenoid notch are uncommon. The true incidence of this lesion is unknown; however, it appears to be more common in athletes who participate in sports involving overhead activities. When a patient is being evaluated for posterior shoulder pain and infraspinatus muscle weakness, electrodiagnostic studies are an essential part of the evaluation. Electromyography will identify an injury to the suprascapular nerve as well as assist in localizing the site of injury. In addition, imaging studies are also indicated to help exclude other diagnoses that can mimic a suprascapular nerve injury. The initial management should consist of cessation of the aggravating activity along with an organized shoulder rehabilitation program. If the patient fails to improve with 6 months to 1 year of nonoperative management, surgical exploration of the suprascapular nerve should be considered. Release of the spinoglenoid ligament with resultant suprascapular nerve decompression may result in relief of pain and a return of normal shoulder function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Cummins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Davidhizar RE, Bowen M. There are solutions to problems. Health Care Manag (Frederick) 1999; 18:14-9. [PMID: 10747464 DOI: 10.1097/00126450-199909000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In these times of health care reform and change there are an increasing number of problems in the health care workplace that health care managers must face. Solving problems successfully is important for survival of the manager and for smooth delivery of care. The challenge of solving problems can be faced by a systematic response that includes having faith in oneself, clearly defining the problem, not jumping to conclusions, considering the overall goal, getting staff involved as soon as possible, reviewing all possible options for obtaining results, developing a plan of action, selecting a strategic time to take action, conveying appropriate urgency about the problem, having faith in colleagues and staff, implementing the plan, using resources available, and evaluating the outcome as well as the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Davidhizar
- Division of Nursing, Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bowen M, Goldingay R. Distribution and Status of The Eastern Pygmy Possum
(Cercartetus nanus) in New South Wales. Aust Mammalogy 1999. [DOI: 10.1071/am00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The eastern pygmy possum (Cercartetus nanus) has a wide distribution in New South Wales (NSW), but is infrequently detected in fauna surveys. We collated available information on the distribution, habitat and detection rates for C. nanus in NSW from results of published and unpublished fauna surveys. These data, and those from the National Parks and Wildlife Service and Australian Museum databases, suggest that C. nanus populations are concentrated in south-eastern NSW and are sparsely distributed throughout the rest of the state. Several records extend the distribution of this species further west than currently shown by published distribution maps. Records show differences in habitat types occupied by C. nanus between south-eastern and north-eastern NSW. In south-eastern NSW, C. nanus occupies a range of habitats including heath, woodland and open forest, at a range of altitudes. In north-eastern NSW, C. nanus appears to be associated mainly with rainforest at high altitudes. Of the range of techniques available, nest boxes and Elliott traps positioned against flowering Banksia species are most effective at capturing C. nanus. Given the large survey effort and the small number of surveys detecting >I0 C. nanus, it appears that this species is rare throughout most of NSW. We recommend that C. nanus be considered for listing as a vulnerable species in NSW.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bowen M, Davidhizar R. How to get the most out of a meeting. J Pract Nurs 1998; 48:24-6. [PMID: 10214189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In today's tight economic climate, it is essential to make every meeting productive. The responsibility for this belongs largely to the person conducting the meeting. If members do not actively contribute, the chair may need to deal with this behavior, either at the time of the meeting or afterward, depending on the solution. Chairing a productive meeting is a challenge for the Licensed Practical Nurse Manager.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The spinoglenoid (inferior transverse scapular) ligament, when present, is located at the spinoglenoid notch. The ligament originates on the spine of the scapula and inserts on the superior margin of the glenoid neck. Because of discrepancies in the literature, we sought to determine its prevalence and to define its histological characteristics. We dissected 112 shoulders of seventy-six cadavera and classified the ligament as absent or an insubstantial structure, a thin fibrous band (type I), or a distinct ligament (type II). We found no distinct ligamentous structure in twenty-two shoulders (20 percent), a type-I ligament in sixty-eight shoulders (61 percent), and a type-II ligament in twenty-two shoulders (20 percent). Overall, ninety (80 percent) of the shoulders had a fibrous band of tissue that, together with the spine of the scapula, formed a narrow fibro-osseous tunnel through which the suprascapular nerve traveled. The bone-spinoglenoid ligament-bone complexes from three specimens were analyzed histologically. There were two type-I ligaments and one type-II ligament; all three ligaments were composed of collagen fibers. One type-I ligament and the type-II ligament demonstrated Sharpey fibers at their origin on the spine of the scapula. The other type-I ligament attached to the spine of the scapula through the periosteum. All three ligaments inserted into the periosteum of the glenoid neck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Cummins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Davidhizar R, Dowd SB, Bowen M. The educational role of the surgical nurse with the multicultural patient and family. Todays Surg Nurse 1998; 20:20-4. [PMID: 10026642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of the surgical nurse has expanded to include a more significant role in patient education. Many crosscultural differences exist among patients. Nurses must assess for those differences that will affect educational needs and strategies. Communication elements, touching, personal space requirements, time orientation, and compliance all vary within cultural groups.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
These reports describe mental recovery from childhood moyamoya disease wherein comprehensive and valid neuropsychological testing is administered in serial fashion. Two young children diagnosed with moyamoya disease underwent procedures to achieve bilateral revascularization. Neuropsychological studies were administered pre-operatively in one case and in serial fashion post-operatively through longer-term follow-up in both cases. Results indicated a trend of gradual improvements in both cases. The disease process and its postulated neuroanatomical and hemodynamic relationship to the psychometric findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Information on the dynamic properties (joint stiffness, viscosity and limb inertia) of the human knee joint is scarce in the literature, especially for actively contracting knee musculature. A joint driving device was developed to apply small-amplitude random perturbations to the human knee at several flexion angles with the subject maintaining various levels of muscle contraction. It was found that joint stiffness and viscosity increased with muscle contraction substantially, while limb inertia was constant. Stiffness produced by the quadriceps was highest at 30 degrees flexion and decreased with increasing or decreasing flexion angle, while knee flexors produced highest stiffness at 90 degree flexion. When knee flexion was < 60 degrees, stiffness produced by the quadriceps was higher than that of the hamstrings and gastrocnemius at the same level of background muscle torque, while knee flexor muscles produced higher stiffnesses than the quadriceps at 90 degree flexion. Similar but less obvious trends were observed for joint viscosity. Passive joint stiffness at full knee extension was significantly higher than in more flexed positions. Surprisingly, as the knee joint musculature changed from relaxed to contracting at 50% MVC, system damping ratio remained at about 0.2. This outcome potentially simplifies neuromuscular control of the knee joint. In contrast, the natural undamped frequency increased more than twofold, potentially making the knee joint respond more quickly to the central nervous system commands. The approach described here provides us with a potentially valuable tool to quantify in vivo dynamic properties of normal and pathological human knee joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Q Zhang
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|