1
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Shapiro D, Lee K, Asmussen J, Bourquard T, Lichtarge O. Evolutionary Action-Machine Learning Model Identifies Candidate Genes Associated With Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029103. [PMID: 37642027 PMCID: PMC10547338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease is a primary cause of death around the world, with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Although genome-wide association studies have linked >100 unique loci to its genetic basis, these only explain a fraction of disease heritability. Methods and Results To find additional gene drivers of coronary artery disease, we applied machine learning to quantitative evolutionary information on the impact of coding variants in whole exomes from the Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium. Using ensemble-based supervised learning, the Evolutionary Action-Machine Learning framework ranked each gene's ability to classify case and control samples and identified 79 significant associations. These were connected to known risk loci; enriched in cardiovascular processes like lipid metabolism, blood clotting, and inflammation; and enriched for cardiovascular phenotypes in knockout mouse models. Among them, INPP5F and MST1R are examples of potentially novel coronary artery disease risk genes that modulate immune signaling in response to cardiac stress. Conclusions We concluded that machine learning on the functional impact of coding variants, based on a massive amount of evolutionary information, has the power to suggest novel coronary artery disease risk genes for mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries in cardiovascular biology, and should also apply in other complex polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jennifer Asmussen
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Thomas Bourquard
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Computational & Integrative Biomedical Research CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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2
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Constantin AT, Streata I, Covăcescu MS, Riza AL, Roșca I, Delia C, Tudor LM, Dorobanțu Ș, Dragoș A, Ristea D, Ioana M, Gherghina I. Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Pediatric Group: A Romanian Showcase. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1988. [PMID: 37370883 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease marked by high levels of LDL-cholesterol. This condition has long-term clinical implications, such as cardiovascular events, that are evident during adult life. Here, we report on a single-center cross-sectional showcase study of genetic testing for FH in a Romanian pediatric group. Genetic testing for FH was performed on 20 Romanian pediatric patients, 10 boys and 10 girls, admitted with LDL-cholesterol levels over 130 mg/mL to the National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alesssandrescu-Rusescu" in 2020. Genetic testing was performed using the Illumina TruSight Cardio panel. We identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants that could explain the phenotype in 5/20 cases. The involved genes were LDLR and APOB. Clinical signs that suggest the diagnosis of FH are scarce for the pediatric patient, although it can be diagnosed early during childhood by lipid panel screening. Prevention could prove lifesaving for some of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Teodora Constantin
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Streata
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mirela Silvia Covăcescu
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Lelia Riza
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Roșca
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neonatology Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Prof. Dr. P.Sârbu", 060251 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Delia
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Tudor
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefania Dorobanțu
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adina Dragoș
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Diana Ristea
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioan Gherghina
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Jankowski M, Daca-Roszak P, Obracht-Prondzyński C, Płoski R, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Ziętkiewicz E. Genetic diversity in Kashubs: the regional increase in the frequency of several disease-causing variants. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:691-701. [PMID: 35971028 PMCID: PMC9637066 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Differential distribution of genetic variants’ frequency among human populations is caused by the genetic drift in isolated populations, historical migrations, and demography. Some of these variants are identical by descent and represent founder mutations, which — if pathogenic in nature — lead to the increased frequency of otherwise rare diseases. The detection of the increased regional prevalence of pathogenic variants may shed light on the historical processes that affected studied populations and can help to develop effective screening and diagnostic strategies as a part of personalized medicine. Here, we discuss the specific genetic diversity in Kashubs, the minority group living in northern Poland, reflected in the biased distribution of some of the repetitively found disease-causing variants. These include the following: (1) c.662A > G (p.Asp221Gly) in LDLR, causing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; (2) c.3700_3704del in BRCA1, associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome; (3) c.1528G > C (p.Glu510Gln) in HADHA, seen in long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, and (4) c.1032delT in NPHS2, associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata S Lipska-Ziętkiewicz
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Centre for Rare Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ziętkiewicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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4
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Vlad CE, Foia LG, Popescu R, Popa I, Aanicai R, Reurean-Pintilei D, Toma V, Florea L, Kanbay M, Covic A. Molecular Genetic Approach and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Clinical Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype from Romania. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071399. [PMID: 33807407 PMCID: PMC8036385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identifies the genetic background of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients in Romania and evaluates the association between mutations and cardiovascular events. We performed a prospective observational study of 61 patients with a clinical diagnosis of FH selected based on Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) and Simon Broome score between 2017 and 2020. Two techniques were used to identify mutations: multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing. The mutation rate was 37.7%, i.e., 23 patients with mutations were identified, of which 7 subjects had pathogenic mutations and 16 had polymorphisms. Moreover, 10 variants of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene were identified in 22 patients, i.e., one variant of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene in six patients, and one variant of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene in three patients. Of the LDLR gene variants, four were LDLR pathogenic mutations (c.81C > G, c.502G > A, c.1618G > A mutations in exon 2, exon 4, exon 11, and exon 13–15 duplication). The PCSK9 and APOB gene variants were benign mutations. The pathogenic LDLR mutations were significant predictors of the new cardiovascular events, and the time interval for new cardiovascular events occurrence was significantly decreased, compared to FH patients without mutations. In total, 12 variants were identified, with four pathogenic variants identified in the LDLR gene, whereas 62.3% of the study population displayed no pathological mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Elena Vlad
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
- Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, Carol I Street, No 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Georgeta Foia
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical County Hospital, Independentei Street, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744704452
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Ioana Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Ruxandra Aanicai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Delia Reurean-Pintilei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Vasilica Toma
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Florea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
- Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, Carol I Street, No 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Adrian Covic
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.V.); (R.P.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (D.R.-P.); (V.T.); (L.F.); (A.C.)
- Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, Carol I Street, No 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania
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5
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Miroshnikova VV, Romanova OV, Ivanova ON, Fedyakov MA, Panteleeva AA, Barbitoff YA, Muzalevskaya MV, Urazgildeeva SA, Gurevich VS, Urazov SP, Scherbak SG, Sarana AM, Semenova NA, Anisimova IV, Guseva DM, Pchelina SN, Glotov AS, Zakharova EY, Glotov OS. Identification of novel variants in the LDLR gene in Russian patients with familial hypercholesterolemia using targeted sequencing. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 33269076 PMCID: PMC7694592 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by mutations in various genes, including the LDLR, APOB and PSCK9 genes; however, the spectrum of these mutations in Russian individuals has not been fully investigated. In the present study, mutation screening was performed on the LDLR gene and other FH-associated genes in patients with definite or possible FH, using next-generation sequencing. In total, 59 unrelated patients were recruited and sorted into two separate groups depending on their age: Adult (n=31; median age, 49; age range, 23-70) and children/adolescent (n=28; median age, 11; age range, 2-21). FH-associated variants were identified in 18 adults and 25 children, demonstrating mutation detection rates of 58 and 89% for the adult and children/adolescent groups, respectively. In the adult group, 13 patients had FH-associated mutations in the LDLR gene, including two novel variants [NM_000527.4: c.433_434dupG p.(Val145Glyfs*35) and c.1186G>C p.(Gly396Arg)], 3 patients had APOB mutations and two had ABCG5/G8 mutations. In the children/adolescent group, 21 patients had FH-causing mutations in the LDLR gene, including five novel variants [NM_000527.4: c.325T>G p.(Cys109Gly), c.401G>C p.(Cys134Ser), c.616A>C p.(Ser206Arg), c.1684_1691delTGGCCCAA p.(Pro563Hisfs*14) and c.940+1_c.940+4delGTGA], and 2 patients had APOB mutations, as well as ABCG8 and LIPA mutations, being found in different patients. The present study reported seven novel LDLR variants considered to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Among them, four missense variants were located in the coding regions, which corresponded to functional protein domains, and two frameshifts were identified that produced truncated proteins. These variants were observed only once in different patients, whereas a splicing variant in intron 6 (c.940+1_c.940+4delGTGA) was detected in four unrelated individuals. Previously reported variants in the LDLR, APOB, ABCG5/8 and LIPA genes were observed in 33 patients. The LDLR p.(Gly592Glu) variant was detected in 6 patients, representing 10% of the FH cases reported in the present study, thus it may be a major variant present in the Russian population. In conclusion, the present study identified seven novel variants of the LDLR gene and broadens the spectrum of mutations in FH-related genes in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Miroshnikova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Department, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina 188300, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Romanova
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation.,Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Olga N Ivanova
- Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases and Counselling Unit of Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics', Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Fedyakov
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra A Panteleeva
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Department, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina 188300, Russian Federation.,Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow 123182, Russian Federation.,Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technology Department of Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation.,Bioinformatics Institute, Saint-Petersburg 197342, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A Barbitoff
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.,Bioinformatics Institute, Saint-Petersburg 197342, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Muzalevskaya
- Department for Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders of North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov FMBA, Saint-Petersburg 194291, Russian Federation.,Medical Faculty of Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Sorejya A Urazgildeeva
- Department for Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders of North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov FMBA, Saint-Petersburg 194291, Russian Federation.,Medical Faculty of Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Victor S Gurevich
- Department for Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders of North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov FMBA, Saint-Petersburg 194291, Russian Federation.,Medical Faculty of Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav P Urazov
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G Scherbak
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey M Sarana
- Medical Faculty of Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Semenova
- Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases and Counselling Unit of Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics', Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Inga V Anisimova
- Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases and Counselling Unit of Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics', Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Darya M Guseva
- Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases and Counselling Unit of Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics', Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Department, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina 188300, Russian Federation.,Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow 123182, Russian Federation.,Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technology Department of Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation.,Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Y Zakharova
- Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases and Counselling Unit of Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics', Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg S Glotov
- Genetic Laboratory of City Hospital No. 40, Saint-Petersburg, 197706, Russian Federation.,Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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6
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Wong KHY, Levy-Sakin M, Ma W, Gonzaludo N, Mak ACY, Vaka D, Poon A, Chu C, Lao R, Balamir M, Grenville Z, Wong N, Kane JP, Kwok PY, Malloy MJ, Pullinger CR. Three patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Genomic sequencing and kindred analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1007. [PMID: 31617323 PMCID: PMC6900368 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an inherited recessive condition associated with extremely high levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in affected individuals. It is usually caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous functional mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR). A number of mutations causing FH have been reported in literature and such genetic heterogeneity presents great challenges for disease diagnosis. Objective We aim to determine the likely genetic defects responsible for three cases of pediatric HoFH in two kindreds. Methods We applied whole exome sequencing (WES) on the two probands to determine the likely functional variants among candidate FH genes. We additionally applied 10x Genomics (10xG) Linked‐Reads whole genome sequencing (WGS) on one of the kindreds to identify potentially deleterious structural variants (SVs) underlying HoFH. A PCR‐based screening assay was also established to detect the LDLR structural variant in a cohort of 641 patients with elevated LDL. Results In the Caucasian kindred, the FH homozygosity can be attributed to two compound heterozygous LDLR damaging variants, an exon 12 p.G592E missense mutation and a novel 3kb exon 1 deletion. By analyzing the 10xG phased data, we ascertained that this deletion allele was most likely to have originated from a Russian ancestor. In the Mexican kindred, the strikingly elevated LDL cholesterol level can be attributed to a homozygous frameshift LDLR variant p.E113fs. Conclusions While the application of WES can provide a cost‐effective way of identifying the genetic causes of FH, it often lacks sensitivity for detecting structural variants. Our finding of the LDLR exon 1 deletion highlights the broader utility of Linked‐Read WGS in detecting SVs in the clinical setting, especially when HoFH patients remain undiagnosed after WES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Y Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michal Levy-Sakin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Walfred Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nina Gonzaludo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annie Poon
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Chu
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Lao
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melek Balamir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zoe Grenville
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John P Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary J Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Mohd Nor NS, Al-Khateeb AM, Chua YA, Mohd Kasim NA, Mohd Nawawi H. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in a pair of identical twins: a case report and updated review. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:106. [PMID: 30975109 PMCID: PMC6458607 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common inherited metabolic disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It is characterised by raised serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), leading to premature coronary artery disease. Children with FH are subjected to early and enhanced atherosclerosis, leading to greater risk of coronary events, including premature coronary artery disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pair of monochorionic diamniotic identical twins with a diagnosis of heterozygous FH, resulting from mutations in both LDLR and ABCG8 genes. CASE PRESENTATION This is a rare case of a pair of 8-year-old monochorionic diamniotic identical twin, who on family cascade screening were diagnosed as definite FH, according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Criteria (DLCC) with a score of 10. There were no lipid stigmata noted. Baseline lipid profiles revealed severe hypercholesterolaemia, (TC = 10.5 mmol/L, 10.6 mmol/L; LDL-c = 8.8 mmol/L, 8.6 mmol/L respectively). Their father is the index case who initially presented with premature CAD, and subsequently diagnosed as FH. Family cascade screening identified clinical FH in other family members including their paternal grandfather who also had premature CAD, and another elder brother, aged 10 years. Genetic analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing using MiSeq platform (Illumina) was performed to detect mutations in LDLR, APOB100, PCSK9, ABCG5, ABCG8, APOE and LDLRAP1 genes. Results revealed that the twin, their elder brother, father and grandfather are heterozygous for a missense mutation (c.530C > T) in LDLR that was previously reported as a pathogenic mutation. In addition, the twin has heterozygous ABCG8 gene mutation (c.55G > C). Their eldest brother aged 12 years and their mother both had normal lipid profiles with absence of LDLR gene mutation. CONCLUSION A rare case of Asian monochorionic diamniotic identical twin, with clinically diagnosed and molecularly confirmed heterozygous FH, due to LDLR and ABCG8 gene mutations have been reported. Childhood FH may not present with the classical physical manifestations including the pathognomonic lipid stigmata as in adults. Therefore, childhood FH can be diagnosed early using a combination of clinical criteria and molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shafina Mohd Nor
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Departments of Paediatric, Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alyaa Mahmood Al-Khateeb
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Departments of Paediatric, Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yung-An Chua
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Departments of Paediatric, Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Mohd Nawawi
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Departments of Paediatric, Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Alsultan A, Al-Suliman AM, Aleem A, AlGahtani FH, Alfadhel M. Utilizing Whole-Exome Sequencing to Characterize the Phenotypic Variability of Sickle Cell Disease. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:561-567. [PMID: 30183354 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease that has wide variety of phenotypes with both and environmental factors contributing to its severity. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 22 Saudi SCD patients to identify variants that could explain differences in disease phenotypes. All variants, except those that were benign and likely benign, described in the ClinVar database, were considered in our analysis. Gene-based association testing using sequence kernel association optimal unified test (SKAT-O) with small sample adjustment was performed to evaluate the effect of multiple variants in genes on SCD phenotypes. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 28 (range, 10-48 years). All patients were homozygous for the sickle cell mutation. The Benin haplotype was present in 15 patients and the Arab-Indian haplotype in 7 patients. One patient who had both SCD and CHARGE association was heterozygous for pathogenic mutation p.Arg987Ter in the CHD7 gene. One SCD individual who had a stroke was a carrier of the pathogenic variant p.Asp36Tyr in the VKORC1 gene which is, associated with warfarin resistance. Two patients with steady hemoglobin levels of 7.5 and 7.1 g/dL were carriers of the pathogenic mutation p.Gly140Ser in the RPL5 gene that is associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. None of the patients were transfusion dependent. A heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the LDLR gene associated with autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia was present in one patient with deep venous thrombosis, although their cholesterol level was normal. One individual with stroke was a carrier for the p.Arg284Ter variant in the NLRP12 gene, which is associated with familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 2. Another patient with stroke and a pulmonary embolism was heterozygous for the p.Pro106Leu variant of the MPL gene, which has been associated with thrombocytosis. Coding variants in the GOLGB1, ENPP1, and PON1 genes showed no association with stroke in our study. SKAT-O analysis did not explain SCD heterogeneity. CONCLUSION WES provided limited information to explain the severity of SCD. Whole genome sequencing, epigenetic studies, and assessment of environmental factors might expand our knowledge of SCD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alsultan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aamer Aleem
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farjah H AlGahtani
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital , King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,5 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Setia N, Saxena R, Arora A, Verma IC. Spectrum of mutations in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in India, with four novel mutations. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:31-36. [PMID: 27816806 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a rare but serious, inherited disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by very high total and LDL cholesterol levels from birth. It presents as cutaneous and tendon xanthomas since childhood, with or without cardiac involvement. FH is commonly caused by mutations in three genes, i.e. LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and PCSK9. We aimed to determine the spectrum of mutations in cases of homozygous FH in Asian Indians and evaluate if there was any similarity to the mutations observed in Caucasians. METHODS Sixteen homozygous FH subjects from eleven families were analyzed for mutations by Sanger sequencing. Large rearrangements in LDLR gene were evaluated by multiplex ligation probe dependent amplification (MLPA) technique. RESULTS Ten mutations were observed in LDLR gene, of which four mutations were novel. No mutation was detected in ApoB gene and common PCSK9 mutation (p.D374Y). Fourteen cases had homozygous mutations; one had compound heterozygous mutation, while no mutation was detected in one clinically homozygous case. We report an interesting "Triple hit" case with features of homozygous FH. CONCLUSIONS The spectrum of mutations in the Asian Indian population is quite heterogeneous. Of the mutations identified, 40% were novel. No mutation was observed in exons 3, 9 and 14 of LDLR gene, which are considered to be hot spots in studies done on Asian Indians in South Africa. Early detection followed by aggressive therapy, and cascade screening of extended families has been initiated to reduce the morbidity and mortality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Setia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India.
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Anjali Arora
- Hyperlipidemia Prevention Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Ishwar C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
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10
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Andersen L, Ibarra J, Andersen R. Current familial hypercholesterolemia diagnostic criteria underdiagnose APOB mutations: Lessons from the Amish community. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:443-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Romano M, Di Taranto MD, D’Agostino MN, Marotta G, Gentile M, Abate G, Mirabelli P, Di Noto R, Del Vecchio L, Rubba P, Fortunato G. Identification and functional characterization of LDLR mutations in familial hypercholesterolemia patients from Southern Italy. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:493-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Chmara M, Wasag B, Zuk M, Kubalska J, Wegrzyn A, Bednarska-Makaruk M, Pronicka E, Wehr H, Defesche JC, Rynkiewicz A, Limon J. Molecular characterization of Polish patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: novel and recurrent LDLR mutations. J Appl Genet 2010; 51:95-106. [PMID: 20145306 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is caused by mutations in the genes coding for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). In this study, a molecular analysis of LDLR and APOB was performed in a group of 378 unrelated ADH patients, to explore the mutation spectrum that causes hypercholesterolemia in Poland. All patients were clinically diagnosed with ADH according to a uniform protocol and internationally accepted WHO criteria. Mutational analysis included all exons, exon-intron boundaries and the promoter sequence of the LDLR, and a fragment of exon 26 of APOB. Additionally, the MLPA technique was applied to detect rearrangements within LDLR. In total, 100 sequence variations were identified in 234 (62%) patients. Within LDLR, 40 novel and 59 previously described sequence variations were detected. Of the 99 LDLR sequence variations, 71 may be pathogenic mutations. The most frequent LDLR alteration was a point mutation p.G592E detected in 38 (10%) patients, followed by duplication of exons 4-8 found in 16 individuals (4.2%). Twenty-five cases (6.6%) demonstrated the p.R3527Q mutation of APOB. Our findings imply that major rearrangements of the LDLR gene as well as 2 point mutations (p.G592E in LDLR and p.R3527Q in APOB) are frequent causes of ADH in Poland. However, the heterogeneity of LDLR mutations detected in the studied group confirms the requirement for complex molecular studies of Polish ADH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chmara
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
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13
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Kubalska J, Chmara M, Limon J, Wierzbicka A, Prokurat S, Szaplyko J, Kowalik A, Mierzewska H, Defesche JC, Pronicka E. Clinical course of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia during childhood: report on 4 unrelated patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the LDLR gene. J Appl Genet 2008; 49:109-13. [PMID: 18263977 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural history of the disease in 4 unrelated Polish children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is described. Their phenotypic homozygosity was established by identification of known LDLR gene mutations on both alleles, respectively: p.G592E & p.G592E in Patient 1; p.G592E & p.C667Y in Patient 2; p.S177L & p.R350X in Patient 3; and p.G592E & deletion in the promoter region, exons 1 and 2 in Patient 4. Heterozygosity of the mutations was revealed in all patients' mothers and fathers (obligatory heterozygotes) and in 1 out of 4 siblings studied. FH was diagnosed at the age of 4 months to 9 years by cholesterol screening among family members of patients with early cardiovascular disease episodes. At the time of FH detection, the children were asymptomatic. Only in 2, some skin eruptions were found. Antihyperlipidemic therapy was started, including a lipid-lowering diet, cholestyramine, and HMG-CoA inhibitors if necessary. No cardiovascular symptoms appeared during the observation up to the age of 18, 20, 19, and 17 years, respectively. An increase in external carotid artery diameter was found in a patient at the age of 9 years, and LDL-apheresis was introduced in his therapy. We conclude that the analysis of LDLR gene mutations in the studied FH children made it possible to identify 4 presymptomatic FH homozygotes and to introduce early appropriate treatment. Multicenter analysis of such persons would finally determine if the early lipid-lowering procedures can significantly reduce the risk of premature cardiovascular disease in homozygous FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kubalska
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warszawa, Poland
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Sabbagh AS, Daher RT, Otrock ZK, Khalek RNA, Zaatari GS, Mahfouz RAR. ApoB-100 R3500Q mutation in the Lebanese population: Prevalence and historical review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 2006; 34:267-70. [PMID: 17160438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-006-9041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An interesting mutation affecting the Apo-B gene, R3500Q, is known to display variable geographical distribution in the world and is mostly implicated in the pathogenesis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of this mutation in the Lebanese population and compare it to the available international literature. DNA from 160 unrelated healthy donors from our HLA-bank was used and the ApoB genotype was determined using the CardioVascular Disease (CVD) StripAssay (this assay is based on a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Reverse Hybridization technique). The R3500Q mutation was not observed in the general Lebanese population. Since the mutation frequency is elevated in Central Europe and tends to decrease as one moves east and south, it disappears completely in the Mediterranean regions such as Spain, Turkey and Israel; therefore, it is rather expected to be absent in Lebanon as well. Our report adds a valuable piece of information regarding this mutation in an Arab country and paves the way for future research involving patients diagnosed with FH in order to assess the role of the R3500Q mutation in the development of this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S Sabbagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh , P.O. Box 11-0236, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon
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15
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Genschel J, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt HHJ. LDL-receptor mutations in Europe. Hum Mutat 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Zakharova FM, Damgaard D, Mandelshtam MY, Golubkov VI, Nissen PH, Nilsen GG, Stenderup A, Lipovetsky BM, Konstantinov VO, Denisenko AD, Vasilyev VB, Faergeman O. Familial hypercholesterolemia in St-Petersburg: the known and novel mutations found in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene in Russia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2005; 6:6. [PMID: 15701167 PMCID: PMC551615 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia is a human monogenic disease caused by population-specific mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. Despite thirteen different mutations of the LDL receptor gene were reported from Russia prior to 2003, the whole spectrum of disease-causing gene alterations in this country is poorly known and requires further investigation provided by the current study. METHODS Forty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of FH were tested for the apolipoprotein B (apoB) mutation R3500Q by restriction fragment length analysis. After exclusion of R3500Q mutation high-sensitive fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and automatic DNA sequencing were used to search for mutations in the LDL receptor gene. RESULTS We found twenty one rare sequence variations of the LDL receptor gene. Nineteen were probably pathogenic mutations, and two (P518P, T705I) were considered as neutral ones. Among the mutations likely to be pathogenic, eight were novel (c.670-671insG, C249X, c.936-940del5, c.1291-1331del41, W422X, c.1855-1856insA, D601N, C646S), and eleven (Q12X, IVS3+1G>A, c.651-653del3, E207X, c.925-931del7, C308Y, L380H, c.1302delG, IVS9+1G>A, V776M, V806I) have already been described in other populations. None of the patients had the R3500Q mutation in the apoB gene. CONCLUSIONS Nineteen pathogenic mutations in the LDL receptor gene in 23 probands were identified. Two mutations c.925-931del7 and L380H are shared by St.-Petersburg population with neighbouring Finland and several other mutations with Norway, Sweden or Denmark, i.e. countries from the Baltic Sea region. Only four mutations (c.313+1G>A, c.651-653del3, C308Y and W422X) were recurrent as all those were found in two unrelated families. By this study the number of known mutations in the LDL receptor gene in St.-Petersburg area was increased nearly threefold. Analysis of all 34 low density lipoprotein receptor gene mutations found in St.-Petersburg argues against strong founder effect in Russian familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina M Zakharova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dorte Damgaard
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michail Y Mandelshtam
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery I Golubkov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter H Nissen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gitte G Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Stenderup
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Vladimir O Konstantinov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander D Denisenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ole Faergeman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bednarska-Makaruk M, Bisko M, Pulawska MF, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Rodo M, Roszczynko M, Solik-Tomassi A, Broda G, Polakowska M, Pytlak A, Wehr H. Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in a group of hypercholesterolaemic patients in Poland. Identification of a new mutation Thr3492Ile in the apolipoprotein B gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:836-42. [PMID: 11781700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2001] [Revised: 08/16/2001] [Accepted: 08/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) Arg3500Gln mutation in 525 unrelated hypercholesterolaemic Polish subjects was evaluated. DNA samples were screened for FDB mutation using SSCP method. Presence of mutation was confirmed using a mismatch MspI PCR strategy. Plasma lipid levels and clinical characteristics of 13 patients identified as carriers of the mutation and of their 23 affected relatives were analysed and compared with non-affected ones. In the affected individuals a variable expression of lipid concentrations and of atherosclerosis symptoms were observed. The prevalence of FDB Arg3500Gln mutation in hypercholesterolaemic Polish subjects (3.7%) seems to be similar to the frequency reported in other Caucasian hypercholesterolaemic populations. The estimated prevalence of the mutation in general Polish population is relatively high being 1/250. The same haplotype at the apoB locus in the carriers of this mutation in Poland as in other populations from Western Europe suggests its common origin. In one hypercholesterolaemic subject a non-hitherto described mutation was identified. It consisted in C-->T transition in apoB codon 3492 leading to threonine to isoleucine substitution in 3492 position of apoB gene (Thr3492Ile).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bednarska-Makaruk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
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