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Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with arterial stiffness in early postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:906-912. [PMID: 32665530 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence in postmenopausal women suggested lack of association between serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and subclinical atherosclerosis; however, associations with arterial stiffness in this population remain unexplored. We evaluated the association among RBP4 and cardiovascular risk factors, including homocysteine, a marker involved in retinoic acid synthesis, and indices of arterial stiffness, in a sample of apparently healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 123 healthy postmenopausal women, not on hormone therapy, antihypertensive, or hypolipidemic treatment and with a menopausal age 10 years or less. We performed biochemical/hormonal assessment and sonographic evaluation, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid artery stiffness index (SI). RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that RBP4 values correlated with age, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and estradiol levels. There was a trend of association of SI and PWV with homocysteine and triglycerides. RBP4 differed according to PWV, using the median PWV value as cut-off (RBP4, PWV ≤8.1 vs >8.1 m/s: 10.09 ± 2.05 vs 10.85 ± 1.91 ng/mL, analysis of covariance P value 0.014 adjusted for age, menopausal age, estradiol, pulse pressure). Linear regression analysis showed that PWV was independently associated with RBP4, age, and pulse pressure, whereas SI was independently associated with RBP4. An increase of one standard deviation in RBP4 levels (2.54 ng/mL) was associated with an increase of 0.577 m/s in PWV. CONCLUSIONS RBP4 serum levels are associated with arterial stiffness, in a sample of healthy postmenopausal women. If this association is causative, serum RBP4 levels could serve as a marker of arterial stiffness. Prospective studies are required to investigate the significance of our findings. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A621.
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Blaner WS, Brun PJ, Calderon RM, Golczak M. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): biology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:197-218. [PMID: 32466661 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2; originally cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII)) is a 16 kDa cytosolic protein that in the adult is localized predominantly to absorptive cells of the proximal small intestine. It is well established that RBP2 plays a central role in facilitating uptake of dietary retinoid, retinoid metabolism in enterocytes, and retinoid actions locally within the intestine. Studies of mice lacking Rbp2 establish that Rbp2 is not required in times of dietary retinoid-sufficiency. However, in times of dietary retinoid-insufficiency, the complete lack of Rbp2 gives rise to perinatal lethality owing to RBP2 absence in both placental (maternal) and neonatal tissues. Moreover, when maintained on a high-fat diet, Rbp2-knockout mice develop obesity, glucose intolerance and a fatty liver. Unexpectedly, recent investigations have demonstrated that RBP2 binds long-chain 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with very high affinity, equivalent to that of retinol binding. Crystallographic studies establish that 2-MAGs bind to a site within RBP2 that fully overlaps with the retinol binding site. When challenged orally with fat, mucosal levels of 2-MAGs in Rbp2 null mice are significantly greater than those of matched controls establishing that RBP2 is a physiologically relevant MAG-binding protein. The rise in MAG levels is accompanied by elevations in circulating levels of the hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is not understood how retinoid and/or MAG binding to RBP2 affects the functions of this protein, nor is it presently understood how these contribute to the metabolic and hormonal phenotypes observed for Rbp2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang Y, Sun L, Lin X, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Pan A. Retinol binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes in Singapore Chinese men and women: a nested case-control study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30651745 PMCID: PMC6329092 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been implicated in insulin resistance in experimental studies, the association between RBP4 and risk of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We assessed this association in a Chinese population, and pooled our results with those from two prior studies. Methods Plasma RBP4 levels were measured among 571 incident type 2 diabetes cases and 571 controls nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. All participants were free of diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease at blood collection (1999–2004). Incident cases of physician-diagnosed diabetes were self-reported at subsequent interviews (2006–2010). Results Plasma RBP4 levels were significantly higher in men than women, and the respective median values were 30 (interquartile range: 24–35) μg/mL and 25 (interquartile range: 21–31) μg/mL, respectively. With adjustment for diabetes risk factors, compared to the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for risk of type 2 diabetes associated with the highest quartile of RBP4 levels were 1.23 (0.73–2.07; P-trend = 0.14) in all subjects, 0.63 (0.27–1.45; P-trend = 0.65) in men, and 2.29 (1.05–5.00; P-trend = 0.018) in women. The difference in the risk estimates between men and women was statistically significant (P-interaction = 0.032). When we pooled our results with two prior studies, ORs (95% CIs) comparing high versus low category of RBP4 was 1.01 (0.70–1.46; I2 = 8.2%; P-heterogeneity = 0.34) in men, and 1.73 (1.28–2.33; I2 = 0%; P-heterogeneity = 0.80) in women. Conclusions Increased plasma RBP4 levels were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women but not in men. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0329-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- 1Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Liang Sun
- 2CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xu Lin
- 2CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- 3Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA USA.,4Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- 1Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore.,5Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - An Pan
- 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Li Q, Wu W, Lin H, Chang X, Bian H, Xia M, Yan H, Gao X. Serum retinol binding protein 4 is negatively related to estrogen in Chinese women with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 26960804 PMCID: PMC4784408 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) and obesity is still controversial. Serum RBP4 levels varies by gender, and estradiol may play a role in the difference. To investigate the participation of sex hormones in the association of RBP4 and obesity in humans, we measured serum RBP4, BMI, and sex hormones in 87 women from the outpatient. METHODS Eighty-seven subjects of Chinese women origin from the outpatient (aged 40.22 ± 15.54 years) were enrolled. Subjects with diseases affecting the metabolic state or not suitable to participate in this study were excluded. Anthropometrics and laboratory tests, including lipid profile, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2),progesterone (PROG), testosterone (TESTO), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were conducted. Serum RBP4 was detected by an enzyme immunoassay kit and validated by quantitative Western blotting. RESULTS Circulating RBP4 levels were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), and testosterone (TESTO) in the total group. While only in obese individuals, serum RBP4 levels were negatively associated with E2. The highest value was in the subjects with both obesity and the low estrogen level. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that RBP4 correlated independently with TG, TC and insulin in all subjects, TC in non- obese individuals. However, E2 were significantly associated with serum RBP4 only in obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS RBP4 could be a marker of obesity-related factors; estrogen was negatively related to RBP4 and might be one of the influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiyun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Matsuda M, Kurosaki K, Okamura N. Activated vitamin D3 and pro-activated vitamin D3 attenuate induction of permanent changes caused by neonatal estrogen exposure in the mouse vagina. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:274-9. [PMID: 24769840 PMCID: PMC4139501 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mice to a high dose of estrogens including diethylstilbestrol (DES) during the neonatal period modifies the
developmental plan of the genital tract, which leads to various permanent changes in physiology, morphology and gene expression.
These changes include development of an abnormal vaginal epithelium lined with hyperplastic mucinous cells accompanied by
Tff1 gene expression in mice. Here, the influence of vitamin D on the direct effect of estrogen on the
developing mouse vagina was examined. The mid-vagina of neonatal mice was cultured in a serum-free medium containing estradiol-17β
(E2) and various concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) ex
vivo and then was transplanted under the renal capsule of ovariectomized host mice for 35 days. Exposure to
E2 alone caused the vaginal tissue to develop estrogen-independent epithelial hyperplasia and to express TFF1 mRNA,
while addition of a low nanomolar amount of 1,25(OH)2D added at the same time as E2 to the culture medium
attenuated the effects of estrogen. Expression of vitamin D receptor was also evident in the neonatal mouse vagina. Interestingly,
addition of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a pro-activated form of vitamin D, at the micromolar level was found to be potent in
disrupting the developmental effects of E2, while cholecalciferol was not at least at the dose examined.
Correspondingly, expression of Cyp27B1, a kidney-specific 25-hydroxyvitamin D hydroxylase, was evident in the neonatal mouse
vagina when examined by RT-PCR. In addition, simultaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D successfully attenuated
DES-induced ovary-independent hyperplasia in the vagina in neonatal mice in vivo. Thus, manipulation of vitamin D
influenced the harmful effects of estrogens on mouse vaginal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Matsuda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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JUNG UNSUK, JEONG KANGJIN, KANG JAEKU, YI KYONGWOOK, SHIN JUNGHO, SEO HONGSEOG, KIM TAK, KIM SUNHAENG, HUR JUNYOUNG. Effects of estrogen receptor α and β on the expression of visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:723-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Masui F, Kurosaki K, Mori T, Matsuda M. Persistent trefoil factor 1 expression imprinted on mouse vaginal epithelium by neonatal estrogenization. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 323:167-75. [PMID: 16133145 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of female mice to estrogenic substances during the neonatal period induces developmental defects in the reproductive tract such as estrogen-independent persistent proliferation of the vaginal epithelium, which often leads to carcinogenesis in adulthood. In this study, several estrogen-regulated genes have been identified in the neonatal mouse vagina by DNA microarray hybridization analysis. Among the genes up-regulated in the developing vagina by a high dose of estrogen, trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), a mucin-associated gastrointestinal growth factor, showed a unique expression pattern in accordance with the irreversible changes induced by neonatal estrogenization in the vagina. Vaginal expression of TFF1 mRNA was markedly increased by estrogen in neonatal mice but not in adults, and pronouncedly intensified expression of the gastrointestinal gene was observed in the vagina of neonatally estrogenized mice even at adulthood. The specific localization of TFF1 protein in the epithelium of neonatally estrogenized vagina was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, without any obvious alteration in the expression of gel-forming mucin genes, the lumen of the neonatally estrogenized vagina became filled with periodic-acid-Schiff-stained mucinous gel, which was possibly caused by the overexpression of TFF1. Thus, estrogen acts directly on the developing vagina in the permanent induction of TFF1 gene expression, and the gene induction does not appear to be related to hypermethylation of the cis-promoter of the TFF1 gene. TFF1 may be a useful marker for developmental estrogenization syndrome of the mouse vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Masui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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