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Toriumi T, Kawano E, Yamanaka K, Kaneko T, Oka A, Yuguchi M, Isokawa K, Honda M. Odontogenic Tissue Generation Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Tissue Engineering Application. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Toriumi
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Eisuke Kawano
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | | | | | - Maki Yuguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Kim BS, Yang SS, Lee J. Precoating of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute with atelocollagen enhances bone regeneration through stimulation of osteoclast activation and angiogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1446-1456. [PMID: 28177580 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen (Col) is a naturally polymerizing protein and important extracellular matrix bone component. The aim of this study was to improve bone regeneration capacity by precoating the surface of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules with AT-Col, and evaluating its biological effects. BCP granules were precoated with AT-Col using adsorption and lyophilization method. Morphology of AT-Col precoated surfaces was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of AT-Col were determined in vitro with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs). In vivo bone healing efficiency and related biological effects were determined using a rabbit calvarial defect model. SEM results revealed numerous irregularly distributed AT-Col polymer clusters on BCP granule surface. Biocompatibility experiments demonstrated that AT-Col was non-cytotoxic, and that cell proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic activity were improved by AT-Col precoating. After in vivo surgical implantation into bone defects, new bone formation was improved by AT-Col granule precoating. Specifically, 8 weeks post-surgery, percentage bone volume was significantly higher in AT-Col/BCP animals (35.02 ± 1.89%) compared with BCP-treated animals (8.94 ± 1.47%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and CD31 immunohistochemical staining revealed that osteoclast activation and new blood vessel formation in vivo were also induced by AT-Col precoating. Collectively, these data indicate that AT-Col/BCP may be potentially used as a bone substitute to enable effective bone regeneration through enhanced new blood vessel formation and osteoclast activation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1446-1456, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Su Kim
- Bonecell Biotech Inc, Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 302-830, Republic of Korea.,Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Sik Yang
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Bonecell Biotech Inc, Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 302-830, Republic of Korea.,Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 302-830, Republic of Korea
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Ritz U, Nusselt T, Sewing A, Ziebart T, Kaufmann K, Baranowski A, Rommens PM, Hofmann A. The effect of different collagen modifications for titanium and titanium nitrite surfaces on functions of gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:255-265. [PMID: 26969500 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeted modifications of the bulk implant surfaces using bioactive agents provide a promising tool for improvement of the long-term bony and soft tissue integration of dental implants. In this study, we assessed the cellular responses of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to different surface modifications of titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) alloys with type I collagen or cyclic-RGDfK-peptide in order to define a modification improving long-term implants in dental medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing Ti and TiN implants, we compared the performance of simple dip coating and anodic immobilization of type I collagen that provided collagen layers of two different thicknesses. HGF were seeded on the different coated implants, and adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS Although there were no strong differences in initial cell adhesion between the groups at 2 and 4 hours, we found that all surface modifications induced higher proliferation rates as compared to the unmodified controls. Consistently, gene expression levels of cell adhesion markers (focal adhesion kinase (FAK), integrin beta1, and vinculin), cell differentiation markers (FGFR1, TGFb-R1), extracellular protein markers (type I collagen, vimentin), and cytoskeletal protein marker aktinin-1 were consistently higher in all surface modification groups at two different time points of investigation as compared to the unmodified controls. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that simple dip coating of Ti and TiN with collagen is sufficient to induce in vitro cellular responses that are comparable to those of more reliable coating methods like anodic adsorption, chemical cross-linking, or RGD coating. TiN alloys do not possess any positive or adverse effects on HGF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results demonstrate a simple, yet effective, method for collagen coating on titanium implants to improve the long term integration and stability of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ritz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Nusselt
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Sewing
- Biomet Deutschland GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Ziebart
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - A Baranowski
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - P M Rommens
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Viale-Bouroncle S, Gosau M, Morsczeck C. Collagen I induces the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin via independent activations of FAK and ERK signalling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1249-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Today prospects for tissue engineering therapeutic approach in dentistry. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:151252. [PMID: 25379516 PMCID: PMC4212630 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In dental practice there is an increasing need for predictable therapeutic protocols able to regenerate tissues that, due to inflammatory or traumatic events, may suffer from loss of their function. One of the topics arising major interest in the research applied to regenerative medicine is represented by tissue engineering and, in particular, by stem cells. The study of stem cells in dentistry over the years has shown an exponential increase in literature. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and characterized from tooth-related tissues and they might represent, in the near future, a new gold standard in the regeneration of all oral tissues. The aim of our review is to provide an overview on the topic reporting the current knowledge for each class of dental stem cells and to identify their potential clinical applications as therapeutic tool in various branches of dentistry.
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Laminin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells via integrin-α2/-β1 and the activation of the FAK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:345-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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NOTCH1 signaling regulates the BMP2/DLX-3 directed osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:500-4. [PMID: 24321094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are dental stem/progenitor cells and the genuine precursors of alveolar osteoblasts and dental cementoblasts. A previous study showed that the transcription factor DLX3 (distal less homeobox 3) supports the osteogenic differentiation in DFCs via a positive feedback loop with the bone morghogenetic protein (BMP) 2. Until today, however, the control of this BMP2/DLX3 pathway by additional signaling pathways remains elusive. Previous studies also suggested that the NOTCH signaling pathway plays a role in the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In this study we showed that DLX3 overexpression and the initiation of the osteogenic differentiation by BMP2 or dexamethasone induced the NOTCH signaling pathway in DFCs. However, the induction of NOTCH-signaling impaired not only the osteogenic differentiation (ALP activity and mineralized nodules) but also the expression of the transcription factor DLX3 and the activation of the BMP-signaling pathway. So, NOTCH signaling plays a regulatory role for the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In conclusion, results of our study suggest that the NOTCH-signaling pathway, which is activated during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs, regulates the BMP2/DLX3 directed differentiation of DFCs via a negative feed-back loop.
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Patil AS, Merchant Y, Nagarajan P. Tissue Engineering of Craniofacial Tissues – A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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YAMADA S, YOSHIZAWA Y, KAWAKUBO A, IKEDA T, YANAGIGUCHI K, HAYASHI Y. Early gene and protein expression associated with osteoblast differentiation in response to fish collagen peptides powder. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:233-40. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of numerous rapid and exciting developments in tissue engineering technology, scientists are able to regenerate a fully functional tooth in animal models, from a bioengineered tooth germ. Advances in technology, together with our understanding of the mechanisms of tooth development and studies dealing with dentally derived stem cells, have led to significant progress in the field of tooth regeneration. AIM AND DESIGN This review focuses on some of the recent advances in tooth bioengineering technology, the signalling pathways in tooth development, and in dental stem cell biology. These factors are highlighted in respect of our current knowledge of tooth regeneration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION An understanding of these new approaches in tooth regeneration should help to prepare clinicians to use this new and somewhat revolutionary therapy while also enabling them to partake in future clinical trials. Tooth bioengineering promises to be at the forefront of the next generation of dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Jin C, Ren LF, Ding HZ, Shi GS, Lin HS, Zhang F. Enhanced attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts on titanium surface modified with biomolecules. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2167-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Honda MJ, Imaizumi M, Tsuchiya S, Morsczeck C. Dental follicle stem cells and tissue engineering. J Oral Sci 2011; 52:541-52. [PMID: 21206155 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are multipotent and can be induced experimentally to differentiate into various cell lineages. Such cells are therefore a key part of achieving the promise of tissue regeneration. The most studied stem cells are those of the hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle. The dental follicle is a loose connective tissue that surrounds the developing tooth. Dental follicle stem cells could therefore be a cell source for mesenchymal stem cells. Indeed, dental follicle is present in impacted teeth, which are commonly extracted and disposed of as medical waste in dental practice. Dental follicle stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and recent characterization of these stem cells has increased their potential for use in tissue engineering applications, including periodontal and bone regeneration. This review describes current knowledge and recent developments in dental follicle stem cells and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki J Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Honda MJ, Imaizumi M, Suzuki H, Ohshima S, Tsuchiya S, Satomura K. Stem cells isolated from human dental follicles have osteogenic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 111:700-8. [PMID: 21147007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cells isolated from human dental follicles as a potential cell source for bone-tissue engineering were examined for correcting a critical bone defect. STUDY DESIGN Impacted third molars were collected and single cell-derived cell populations were cultivated in growth medium. Single cell-derived cell lines were examined in terms of cell shape, gene expression patterns, differentiation capacity in vitro, and osteogenic potential in vivo. RESULTS Three distinct cell populations were identified with different morphologies, patterns of gene expression, and differentiation capacity. All 3 cell populations promoted bone formation when transplanted into surgically created critical-size defects in immunodeficient rat calvaria, compared with control animals without cell transplantation, although one of these populations showed a weak capacity for osteogenetic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Human dental follicle can derive at least 3 unique cell populations in culture, all of which promote bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki J Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tsuchiya S, Ohshima S, Yamakoshi Y, Simmer JP, Honda MJ. Osteogenic differentiation capacity of porcine dental follicle progenitor cells. Connect Tissue Res 2010; 51:197-207. [PMID: 20053131 DOI: 10.3109/03008200903267542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the osteogenic differentiation capacity and osteogenesis of dental follicle cells. Single cell-derived porcine dental follicle cells (DFC-I) obtained at the early stage of crown formation in tooth were subcultured and characterized using periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) as comparison cell populations. The effect of ECM constituents including collagen type I, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV on the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-lineage cells was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the DFC-1, PDLC, and BMSC populations were compared for osteogenic capacity in vitro by Alizarin red staining and in vivo by transplantation. DFC-I showed different features from PDLC and BMSC. Different components of ECM had different effects on the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-lineage cells in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization as early- and late-stage markers of osteogenesis, respectively, supported the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-related cells in vitro. All three cell types showed equivalent osteogenic capacity in vivo at 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences among the cell populations with respect to capacity for bone formation. These results suggest a potential application for dental follicle cells in bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tsuchiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Division of Stem Cell Engineering, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Ectomesenchymal dental stem cells could be feasible tools for dental tissue engineering. Dental follicle cells are a promising example, since they are capable of differentiation into various dental tissue cells, such as osteoblasts or cementoblasts. However, cellular mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation are not understood in detail. Basic knowledge of these molecular processes may shorten the time before ectomesenchymal dental stem cells can be exploited for bone augmentation in regenerative medicine. Recent developments in proteomics and transcriptomics have made information about genome-wide expression profiles accessible, which can aid in clarifying molecular mechanisms of cells. This review describes the transcriptomes and proteomes of dental follicle cells before and after differentiation, and compares them with differentially expressed populations from dental tissue or bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Morsczeck
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Schmalz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Honda MJ, Tsuchiya S, Shinohara Y, Shinmura Y, Sumita Y. Recent advances in engineering of tooth and tooth structures using postnatal dental cells. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resident in bone marrow are one of the most studied and clinically important populations of adult stem cells. Cells with, similar properties to these MSCs have been described in several different tooth tissues and the potential ease with which these dental MSCs could be obtained from patients has prompted great interest in these cells as a source of MSCs for cell-based therapeutics. In this review we address the current state of knowledge regarding these cells, their properties, origins, locations, functions and potential uses in tooth tissue engineering and repair. We discuss some of the key controversies and outstanding issues, not least of which whether dental stem cells actually exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantesso
- Guy's Hospital, Dental Institute, Kings College London, Department of Craniofacial Development, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Yagyuu T, Ikeda E, Ohgushi H, Tadokoro M, Hirose M, Maeda M, Inagake K, Kirita T. Hard tissue-forming potential of stem/progenitor cells in human dental follicle and dental papilla. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 55:68-76. [PMID: 19942210 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existence of stem/progenitor cells in dental tissue has been suggested but their characterization in the human tooth germ remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate these cells in human dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compare their potential for hard tissue formation. DESIGN We used dental follicle cells (DFCs) and dental papilla cells (DPCs) derived from dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compared their proliferative capacity, cell surface antigens and ability to form hard tissue in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Both DFCs and DPCs had extensive proliferation ability, expressed similar cell surface antigens and were capable of forming hard tissue in vivo as well as in vitro. However, there were two differences between DFCs and DPCs. First, DPCs had a significantly higher calcium accumulation than that in DFCs. Second, DFCs expressed a cementoblast marker, whereas DPCs expressed an odontoblast marker. CONCLUSIONS We propose that dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage contain different types of stem/progenitor cells and may have hard tissue-forming ability in a possibly origin-specific lineage direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Influence of ADAM28 on biological characteristics of human dental follicle cells. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:835-45. [PMID: 19580958 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28 (ADAM28) on the biological characteristics of human dental follicle cells (HDFCs) and possible action mechanism. METHODS Eukaryotic expression plasmid containing ADAM28 coding region and ADAM28 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) with FITC labelling were constructed and synthesised by gene clone and recombination. Then we respectively transfected them into HDFCs by Lipofectamine 2000 system and detected their effects on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of HDFCs by MTT assay, cell cycle detection, ALP activity and Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis. Finally we observed the effects of ADAM28 AS-ODN on HDFCs expressing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS ADAM28 eukaryotic plasmid was constructed and identified successfully, and could be correctly translated and expressed in HDFCs, furthermore overexpression of ADAM28 promoted the HDFCs proliferation and inhibited specific differentiation of HDFCs, while inhibition of ADAM28 exerted the opposite effects and induced apoptosis. Moreover ADAM28 could significantly inhibit the secretion of OPN and type III collagen of HDFCs. CONCLUSIONS ADAM28 might actively participate in the network regulation which associates HDFCs proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis with matrix mineralisation during tooth development by interacting with multiple signal molecules.
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