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Kaasalainen M, Zhang R, Vashisth P, Birjandi AA, S'Ari M, Martella DA, Isaacs M, Mäkilä E, Wang C, Moldenhauer E, Clarke P, Pinna A, Zhang X, Mustfa SA, Caprettini V, Morrell AP, Gentleman E, Brauer DS, Addison O, Zhang X, Bergholt M, Al-Jamal K, Volponi AA, Salonen J, Hondow N, Sharpe P, Chiappini C. Lithiated porous silicon nanowires stimulate periodontal regeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:487. [PMID: 38216556 PMCID: PMC10786831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a significant burden for oral health, causing progressive and irreversible damage to the support structure of the tooth. This complex structure, the periodontium, is composed of interconnected soft and mineralised tissues, posing a challenge for regenerative approaches. Materials combining silicon and lithium are widely studied in periodontal regeneration, as they stimulate bone repair via silicic acid release while providing regenerative stimuli through lithium activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Yet, existing materials for combined lithium and silicon release have limited control over ion release amounts and kinetics. Porous silicon can provide controlled silicic acid release, inducing osteogenesis to support bone regeneration. Prelithiation, a strategy developed for battery technology, can introduce large, controllable amounts of lithium within porous silicon, but yields a highly reactive material, unsuitable for biomedicine. This work debuts a strategy to lithiate porous silicon nanowires (LipSiNs) which generates a biocompatible and bioresorbable material. LipSiNs incorporate lithium to between 1% and 40% of silicon content, releasing lithium and silicic acid in a tailorable fashion from days to weeks. LipSiNs combine osteogenic, cementogenic and Wnt/β-catenin stimuli to regenerate bone, cementum and periodontal ligament fibres in a murine periodontal defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Kaasalainen
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anahid Ahmadi Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark S'Ari
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- HarwellXPS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Labs, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Cong Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evelin Moldenhauer
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankinestr. 1, Landsberg am Lech, 86899, Germany
| | - Paul Clarke
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Rankinestr. 1, Landsberg am Lech, 86899, Germany
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW11AT, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Salman A Mustfa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander P Morrell
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Delia S Brauer
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Mads Bergholt
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Khuloud Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Zeissler ML, Boey T, Chapman D, Rafaloff G, Dominey T, Raphael KG, Buff S, Pai HV, King E, Sharpe P, O'Brien F, Carroll CB. Investigating trial design variability in trials of disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson's disease: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071641. [PMID: 38070893 PMCID: PMC10729184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder for which the identification of disease-modifying interventions represents a major unmet need. Diverse trial designs have attempted to mitigate challenges of population heterogeneity, efficacious symptomatic therapy and lack of outcome measures that are objective and sensitive to change in a disease modification setting. It is not clear whether consensus is emerging regarding trial design choices. Here, we report the protocol of a scoping review that will provide a contemporary update on trial design variability for disease-modifying interventions in PD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome and Study design (PICOS) framework will be used to structure the review, inform study selection and analysis. The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane and the trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov will be systematically searched to identify published studies and registry entries in English. Two independent reviewers will screen study titles, abstracts and full text for eligibility, with disagreements being resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer where necessary. Data on general study information, eligibility criteria, outcome measures, trial design, retention and statistically significant findings will be extracted into a standardised form. Extracted data will be presented in a descriptive analysis. We will report our findings using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review extension. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work will provide an overview of variation and emerging trends in trial design choices for disease-modifying trials of PD. Due to the nature of this study, there are no ethical or safety considerations. We plan to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Timothy Boey
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Danny Chapman
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Gary Rafaloff
- Parkinson's Research Advocate, Westlake, Florida, USA
| | - Thea Dominey
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Karen G Raphael
- Oral & Maxillofacial, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Parkinson's Research Advocate, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Buff
- Parkinson's Research Advocate, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | | | - Emma King
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Camille B Carroll
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Neves VCM, Satie Okajima L, Elbahtety E, Joseph S, Daly J, Menon A, Fan D, Volkyte A, Mainas G, Fung K, Dhami P, Pelegrine AA, Sharpe P, Nibali L, Ide M. Repurposing Metformin for periodontal disease management as a form of oral-systemic preventive medicine. J Transl Med 2023; 21:655. [PMID: 37814261 PMCID: PMC10563330 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the improvements in treatment over the last decades, periodontal disease (PD) affects millions of people around the world and the only treatment available is based on controlling microbial load. Diabetes is known to increase the risk of PD establishment and progression, and recently, glucose metabolism modulation by pharmaceutical or dietarian means has been emphasised as a significant modulator of non-communicable disease development. METHODS The impact of pharmaceutically controlling glucose metabolism in non-diabetic animals and humans (REBEC, UTN code: U1111-1276-1942) was investigated by repurposing Metformin, as a mean to manage periodontal disease and its associated systemic risk factors. RESULTS We found that glucose metabolism control via use of Metformin aimed at PD management resulted in significant prevention of bone loss during induced periodontal disease and age-related bone loss in vivo. Metformin also influenced the bacterial species present in the oral environment and impacted the metabolic epithelial and stromal responses to bacterial dysbiosis at a single cell level. Systemically, Metformin controlled blood glucose levels and age-related weight gain when used long-term. Translationally, our pilot randomized control trial indicated that systemic Metformin was safe to use in non-diabetic patients and affected the periodontal tissues. During the medication window, patients showed stable levels of systemic blood glucose, lower circulating hsCRP and lower insulin levels after periodontal treatment when compared to placebo. Finally, patients treated with Metformin had improved periodontal parameters when compared to placebo treated patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that systemic interventions using Metformin in non-diabetic individuals aimed at PD prevention have oral-systemic effects constituting a possible novel form of preventive medicine for oral-systemic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Luciana Satie Okajima
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eyad Elbahtety
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Joseph
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Daly
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athul Menon
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Di Fan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ayste Volkyte
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathy Fung
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andre A Pelegrine
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
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Svandova E, Vesela B, Kratochvilova A, Holomkova K, Oralova V, Dadakova K, Burger T, Sharpe P, Lesot H, Matalova E. Markers of dental pulp stem cells in in vivo developmental context. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152149. [PMID: 37574172 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Teeth and their associated tissues contain several populations of mesenchymal stem cells, one of which is represented by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). These cells have mainly been characterised in vitro and numerous positive and negati ve markers for these cells have been suggested. To investigate the presence and localization of these molecules during development, forming dental pulp was examined using the mouse first mandibular molar as a model. The stages corresponding to postnatal (P) days 0, 7, 14, and 21 were investigated. The expression was monitored using customised PCR Arrays. Additionally, in situ localization of the key trio of markers (Cd73, Cd90, Cd105 coded by genes Nt5e, Thy1, Eng) was performed at prenatal and postnatal stages using immunohistochemistry. The expression panel of 24 genes assigned as in vitro markers of DPSCs or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed their developmental dynamics during formation of dental pulp mesenchyme. Among the positive markers, Vcam1, Fgf2, Nes were identified as increasing and Cd44, Cd59b, Mcam, Alcam as decreasing between perinatal vs. postnatal stages towards adulthood. Within the panel of negative DPSC markers, Cd14, Itgb2, Ptprc displayed increased and Cd24a decreased levels at later stages of pulp formation. Within the key trio of markers, Nt5e did not show any significant expression difference within the investigated period. Thy1 displayed a strong decrease between P0 and P7 while Eng increased between these stages. In situ localization of Cd73, Cd90 and Cd105 showed them overlap in differentiated odontoblasts and in the sub-odontoblastic layer that is speculated to host odontoblast progenitors. The highly prevalent expression of particularly Cd73 and Cd90 opens the question of potential multiple functions of these molecules. The results from this study add to the in vitro based knowledge by showing dynamics in the expression of DPSC/MSC markers during dental pulp formation in an in vivo context and thus with respect to the natural environment important for commitment of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Veronika Oralova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tom Burger
- Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Svandova E, Lesot H, Sharpe P, Matalova E. Making the head: Caspases in life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1075751. [PMID: 36712975 PMCID: PMC9880857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1075751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The term apoptosis, as a way of programmed cell death, was coined a half century ago and since its discovery the process has been extensively investigated. The anatomy and physiology of the head are complex and thus apoptosis has mostly been followed in separate structures, tissues or cell types. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent knowledge concerning apoptosis-related molecules involved in the development of structures of head with a particular focus on caspases, cysteine proteases having a key position in apoptotic pathways. Since many classical apoptosis-related molecules, including caspases, are emerging in several non-apoptotic processes, these were also considered. The largest organ of the head region is the brain and its development has been extensively investigated, including the roles of apoptosis and related molecules. Neurogenesis research also includes sensory organs such as the eye and ear, efferent nervous system and associated muscles and glands. Caspases have been also associated with normal function of the skin and hair follicles. Regarding mineralised tissues within craniofacial morphogenesis, apoptosis in bones has been of interest along with palate fusion and tooth development. Finally, the role of apoptosis and caspases in angiogenesis, necessary for any tissue/organ development and maintenance/homeostasis, are discussed. Additionally, this review points to abnormalities of development resulting from improper expression/activation of apoptosis-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Eva Svandova,
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Liu C, Sharpe P, Volponi AA. Applications of regenerative techniques in adult orthodontics. Front Dent Med 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of the growing adult orthodontic patient population must contend with challenges particular to orthodontic treatment in adults. These include a limited rate of tooth movement, increased incidence of periodontal complications, higher risk of iatrogenic root resorption and pulp devitalisation, resorbed edentulous ridges, and lack of growth potential. The field of regenerative dentistry has evolved numerous methods of manipulating cellular and molecular processes to rebuild functional oral and dental tissues, and research continues to advance our understanding of stem cells, signalling factors that stimulate repair and extracellular scaffold interactions for the purposes of tissue engineering. We discuss recent findings in the literature to synthesise our understanding of current and prospective approaches based on biological repair that have the potential to improve orthodontic treatment outcomes in adult patients. Methods such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, biomimetic scaffold manipulation, and growth factor control may be employed to overcome the challenges described above, thereby reducing adverse sequelae and improving orthodontic treatment outcomes in adult patients. The overarching goal of such research is to eventually translate these regenerative techniques into clinical practice, and establish a new gold standard of safe, effective, autologous therapies.
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Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Potential of extracellular space for tissue regeneration in dentistry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1034603. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the proven relationship between oral and general health and the growing aging population, it is pivotal to provide accessible therapeutic approaches to regenerate oral tissues and restore clinical function. However, despite sharing many core concepts with medicine, dentistry has fallen behind the progress in precision medicine and regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapies are a promising avenue for tissue regeneration, however, ethical, safety and cost issues may limit their clinical use. With the significance of paracrine signalling in stem cell and tissue regeneration, extracellular space comprising of the cell secretome, and the extracellular matrix can serve as a potent source for tissue regeneration. Extravesicles are secreted and naturally occurring vesicles with biologically active cargo that can be harvested from the extracellular space. These vesicles have shown great potential as disease biomarkers and can be used in regenerative medicine. As a cell free therapy, secretome and extracellular vesicles can be stored and transferred easily and pose less ethical and safety risks in clinical application. Since there are currently many reviews on the secretome and the biogenesis, characterization and function of extracellular vesicles, here we look at the therapeutic potential of extracellular space to drive oral tissue regeneration and the current state of the field in comparison to regenerative medicine.
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Zhao J, Ahmadi AB, Ahmed M, Redhead Y, Olea JV, Sharpe P. Telocytes regulate macrophages in periodontal disease. eLife 2022; 11:72128. [PMID: 36193890 PMCID: PMC9576272 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) or interstitial cells are characterised in vivo by their long projections that contact other cell types. Although telocytes can be found in many different tissues including the heart, lung, and intestine, their tissue-specific roles are poorly understood. Here we identify a specific cell signalling role for telocytes in the periodontium whereby telocytes regulate macrophage activity. We performed scRNA-seq and lineage tracing to identify telocytes and macrophages in mouse periodontium in homeostasis and periodontitis and carried out hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling inhibition experiments using tivantinib. We show that telocytes are quiescent in homeostasis; however, they proliferate and serve as a major source of HGF in periodontitis. Macrophages receive telocyte-derived HGF signals and shift from an M1 to an M1/M2 state. Our results reveal the source of HGF signals in periodontal tissue and provide new insights into the function of telocytes in regulating macrophage behaviour in periodontitis through HGF/Met cell signalling, which may provide a novel approach in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anahid B Ahmadi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohi Ahmed
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Villagomez Olea
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Caetano AJ, D'Agostino EM, Sharpe P, Nibali L. Expression of periodontitis susceptibility genes in human gingiva using single-cell RNA sequencing. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1210-1218. [PMID: 36170299 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-cell transcriptomics was used to determine the possible cell-type specificity of periodontitis susceptibility genes. BACKGROUND The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the field of human genomics. Despite many advances, the genetic factors associated with or contributing to the periodontitis pathogenesis have only been identified to a limited extent and are often poorly validated. Confirming whether a given single nucleotide polymorphism has an association with periodontitis requires a robust mechanistic explanation on the functional consequences of a given genetic variant. METHODS We globally assessed the expression of 26 disease-associated genes identified by GWAS within the gingival mucosa. A total of 12 411 cells from 4 different donors were analysed. Differentially expressed genes were analysed using Seurat, a non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. The minimum threshold for significance was defined as p < .05. RESULTS This exploration at a cellular-level suggests diverse populations contributing to disease pathogenesis, with macrophages expressing a higher number of the analysed disease-associated genes. IL1B, PTGS2, FCGR2A, IL10 and IL1A specifically showed a more restricted expression in the myeloid lineages. CONCLUSION This short report combines human genetics and single-cell genomics to better understand periodontitis by mapping variants to predict their cells of action and putative functions. These findings seem to suggest that innate cell dysfunction is linked to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Caetano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Sharpe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Florimond M, Minic S, Sharpe P, Chaussain C, Renard E, Boukpessi T. Modulators of Wnt Signaling Pathway Implied in Dentin Pulp Complex Engineering: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810582. [PMID: 36142496 PMCID: PMC9502831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of vital pulp therapy (VPT) is to preserve the vitality of the pulp tissue, even when it is exposed due to bacterial invasion, iatrogenic mechanical preparation, or trauma. The type of new dentin formed as a result of VPT can differ in its cellular origin, its microstructure, and its barrier function. It is generally agreed that the new dentin produced by odontoblasts (reactionary dentin) has a tubular structure, while the dentin produced by pulp cells (reparative dentin) does not or has less. Thus, even VPT aims to maintain the vitality of the pulp. It does not regenerate the dentin pulp complex integrity. Therefore, many studies have sought to identify new therapeutic strategies to successfully regenerate the dentin pulp complex. Among them is a Wnt protein-based strategy based on the fact that Wnt proteins seem to be powerful stem cell factors that allow control of the self-renewal and proliferation of multiple adult stem cell populations, suitable for homeostasis maintenance, tissue healing, and regeneration promotion. Thus, this review outlines the different agents targeting the Wnt signaling that could be applied in a tooth environment, and could be a potential therapy for dentin pulp complex and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Florimond
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
- Dental Department, Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, 94200 Ivry sur Seine, France
| | - Sandra Minic
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
- Dental Department, and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Renard
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, 44000 Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Service d’Odontologie Restauratrice et Chirurgicale, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
- Dental Department, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, DMU CHIR, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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11
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Toon J, Geneva M, Sharpe P, Lavin J, Bennett S, Avery A. Weight loss outcomes achieved by adults accessing an online programme offered as part of Public Health England's 'Better Health' campaign. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1456. [PMID: 35907834 PMCID: PMC9339188 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective use of health technology may offer a scalable solution to the obesity pandemic. Online digital programmes provide a convenient and flexible way for more people to access regular support. This service evaluation aims to determine whether adults accessing an online weight management programme via a national campaign are successful in losing weight. Data was analysed for adults registering with Slimming World’s online programme using a discounted membership offered as part of PHE’s ‘Better Health’ campaign between July and December 2020. Last-weight carried forward was used to calculate weight outcomes for participants who had the opportunity to complete 12-weeks and recorded ≥ one weight besides baseline. Engagement was determined using number of online weekly weights recorded with high engagers having weight data for ≥ 9 occasions. Socioeconomic status was assessed using postcode data. Resubscription and uploaded weight data were used to determine numbers who continued beyond the offer period. Twenty-seven thousand two hundred forty-eight adults (5.3% males) with mean age 41.0 ± 11.4 years met inclusion criteria. Mean baseline BMI was 33.4 ± 6.8 kg/m2 (29.2% 30–34.9, 18.3% 35–39.9 and 15.1% > 40 kg/m2). Mean weight loss at 12 weeks was 2.7 (± 3) kg representing a mean loss of 3% (± 3.1) body weight with 42.3% achieving ≥ 3% and 22.1% weight loss ≥ 5%. Median number of weigh-ins was six. Men had greater weight losses compared to women (p < 0.001). High engagers, both men and women, achieved greater weight losses (p < 0.001). Absolute weight loss was associated with joining BMI (rs = -0.15, p < 0.001) but for % weight change only small differences were seen (max effect size = 0.03) with no differences in weight change for high engagers between different baseline BMI categories (p > 0.05). 30.9% were in the lowest two IMD quintiles and absolute and percentage weight change did not differ across deprivation quintiles (p > 0.05). 34.9% continued to access the online support after the offer period. This service evaluation shows that an online programme, offered as part of a national campaign, can offer effective support to a large number of people with different starting BMIs and from different socioeconomic backgrounds. An increased level of engagement leads to better weight losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Toon
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK
| | - Martina Geneva
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK
| | - Jacquie Lavin
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK
| | - Amanda Avery
- Nutrition, Health & Research Team, Slimming World, Alfreton, UK. .,Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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12
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Zhang X, Fishlock S, Sharpe P, McLaughlin J. Cystatin C as a biomarker for cardiorenal syndrome diseases quantitative diagnostics and monitoring via point-of-care. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:1428-1431. [PMID: 36086551 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With heart failure (HF) and renal malfunction becoming global public health issues, there is an urgent need to monitor diseases at home or in the community. Point-of-care testing (POC) would shorten the patients waiting time compared with laboratory molecular analysis. This work evaluates two types of gold nanomaterials, and two assay protocols, to develop a lateral flow (LF) system for Cystatin C (CysC) quantification. Of the protocols, the 'delayed-release' shows the alleviation of the hook effects with 1% BSA running buffer (RB), albeit at increased complexity with three steps of washing. The standard method with sample dilution (1: 150 sample dilution for GNPs, and 1:10 sample dilution for GNRs) can ensure the clinical range detection of CysC as 1 mg/L with partial LF assays. GNPs have stronger optical signal intensity compared with GNRs and developed full LF assays with GNPs require 1:1.5 sample dilution in recombinant Cys C detection. The ideal sample dilution ratio is different for partial and full LF assays. Clinical Relevance- This work is the basis of future work that will use LF devices for human serum/plasma monitoring to assess kidney function related to heart failure during medication. The specificity, sensitivity, and limit of detection will be validated via a clinical trial before potential clinical use.
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13
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Sharpe P. Editorial: Insights in Regenerative Dentistry: 2021. Front Dent Med 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.940539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Ozgencil M, Barwell J, Tischkowitz M, Izatt L, Kesterton I, Simpson M, Sharpe P, de Sepulveda P, Voisset E, Solomon E. Assessing BRCA1 activity in DNA damage repair using human induced pluripotent stem cells as an approach to assist classification of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260852. [PMID: 34855882 PMCID: PMC8638976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a universally applicable protocol to assess the impact of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) expression is a problem which has yet to be resolved despite major progresses have been made. The numerous difficulties which must be overcome include the choices of cellular models and functional assays. We hypothesised that the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells might facilitate the standardisation of protocols for classification, and could better model the disease process. We generated eight iPS cell lines from patient samples expressing either BRCA1 pathogenic variants, non-pathogenic variants, or BRCA1 VUSs. The impact of these variants on DNA damage repair was examined using a ɣH2AX foci formation assay, a Homologous Repair (HR) reporter assay, and a chromosome abnormality assay. Finally, all lines were tested for their ability to differentiate into mammary lineages in vitro. While the results obtained from the two BRCA1 pathogenic variants were consistent with published data, some other variants exhibited differences. The most striking of these was the BRCA1 variant Y856H (classified as benign), which was unexpectedly found to present a faulty HR repair pathway, a finding linked to the presence of an additional variant in the ATM gene. Finally, all lines were able to differentiate first into mammospheres, and then into more advanced mammary lineages expressing luminal- or basal-specific markers. This study stresses that BRCA1 genetic analysis alone is insufficient to establish a reliable and functional classification for assessment of clinical risk, and that it cannot be performed without considering the other genetic aberrations which may be present in patients. The study also provides promising opportunities for elucidating the physiopathology and clinical evolution of breast cancer, by using iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ozgencil
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Barwell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology at the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kesterton
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo de Sepulveda
- Signaling Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis Lab, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EV); (ES)
| | - Ellen Solomon
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EV); (ES)
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15
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Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Wnt Signalling in Regenerative Dentistry. Front Dent Med 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.725468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth are complex structures where a soft dental pulp tissue is enriched with nerves, vasculature and connective tissue and encased by the cushioning effect of dentin and the protection of a hard enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. Injuries such as trauma or caries can jeopardise these layers of protection and result in pulp exposure, inflammation and infection. Provision of most suitable materials for tooth repair upon injury has been the motivation of dentistry for many decades. Wnt signalling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, plays key roles during pre- and post-natal development of many organs including the tooth. Mutations in the components of this pathway gives rise to various types of developmental tooth anomalies. Wnt signalling is also fundamental in the response of odontoblasts to injury and repair processes. The complexity of tooth structure has resulted in diverse studies looking at specific compartments or cell types of this organ. This review looks at the current advances in the field of tooth development and regeneration. The objective of the present review is to provide an updated vision on dental biomaterials research, focusing on their biological properties and interactions to act as evidence for their potential use in vital pulp treatment procedures. We discuss the outstanding questions and future directions to make this knowledge more translatable to the clinics.
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16
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Zhao J, Sharpe P. Isolation of Single Cells from Mouse Periodontal Ligament. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4120. [PMID: 34541039 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an essential tissue connecting teeth and bone. It is a complex tissue specifically designed to absorb the forces of mastication; analysis of its multiple cell populations is important to understand its function and the cell changes associated with periodontal disease. Cells in the periodontal ligament are not fully understood due to their physical location and small tissue size. It is challenging to isolate thin layers of cells compared with many other more substantial tissues. Here, we provide a straightforward protocol for the isolation of periodontal ligament cells from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, UK
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17
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Birjandi AA, Neves VC, Sharpe P. Advances in regenerative dentistry; building with biology. Regen Med 2021; 16:343-345. [PMID: 33759554 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anahid A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vitor Cm Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
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18
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Jing J, Feng J, Li J, Zhao H, Ho TV, He J, Yuan Y, Guo T, Du J, Urata M, Sharpe P, Chai Y. Reciprocal interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and transit amplifying cells regulates tissue homeostasis. eLife 2021; 10:e59459. [PMID: 33480845 PMCID: PMC7822593 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between adult stem cells and their progeny is critical for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In multiple organs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to transit amplifying cells (TACs), which then differentiate into different cell types. However, whether and how MSCs interact with TACs remains unknown. Using the adult mouse incisor as a model, we present in vivo evidence that TACs and MSCs have distinct genetic programs and engage in reciprocal signaling cross talk to maintain tissue homeostasis. Specifically, an IGF-WNT signaling cascade is involved in the feedforward from MSCs to TACs. TACs are regulated by tissue-autonomous canonical WNT signaling and can feedback to MSCs and regulate MSC maintenance via Wnt5a/Ror2-mediated non-canonical WNT signaling. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of coordinated bidirectional signaling interaction between MSCs and TACs in instructing mesenchymal tissue homeostasis, and the mechanisms identified here have important implications for MSC-TAC interaction in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of StomatologyChengduChina
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hu Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of StomatologyChengduChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jiahui Du
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark Urata
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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19
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Caetano AJ, Yianni V, Volponi A, Booth V, D'Agostino EM, Sharpe P. Defining human mesenchymal and epithelial heterogeneity in response to oral inflammatory disease. eLife 2021; 10:62810. [PMID: 33393902 PMCID: PMC7781605 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral soft tissues provide the first barrier of defence against chronic inflammatory disease and hold a remarkable scarless wounding phenotype. Tissue homeostasis requires coordinated actions of epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. However, the extent of heterogeneity within the human oral mucosa and how tissue cell types are affected during the course of disease progression is unknown. Using single-cell transcriptome profiling we reveal a striking remodelling of the epithelial and mesenchymal niches with a decrease in functional populations that are linked to the aetiology of the disease. Analysis of ligand–receptor interaction pairs identify potential intercellular hubs driving the inflammatory component of the disease. Our work establishes a reference map of the human oral mucosa in health and disease, and a framework for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Caetano
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Val Yianni
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Booth
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M D'Agostino
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Harwood L, Jarvis S, Salottolo K, Redmond D, Berg GM, Erickson W, Spruell D, Deas S, Sharpe P, Atnip A, Cornutt D, Mains C, Bar-Or D. Processes for Trauma Care at Six Level I Trauma Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Healthc Qual 2021; 43:3-12. [PMID: 33394838 PMCID: PMC7785512 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the COVID-19 pandemic spread, patient care guidelines were published and elective surgeries postponed. However, trauma admissions are not scheduled and cannot be postponed. There is a paucity of information available on continuing trauma care during the pandemic. The study purpose was to describe multicenter trauma care process changes made during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive survey summarized the response to the COVID-19 pandemic at six Level I trauma centers. The survey was completed in 05/2020. Questions were asked about personal protective equipment, ventilators, intensive care unit (ICU) beds, and negative pressure rooms. Data were summarized as proportions. RESULTS The survey took an average of 5 days. Sixty-seven percent reused N-95 respirators; 50% sanitized them with 25% using ultraviolet light. One hospital (17%) had regional resources impacted. Thirty-three percent created ventilator allocation protocols. Most hospitals (83%) designated more beds to the ICU; 50% of hospitals designated an ICU for COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients were isolated in negative pressure rooms at all hospitals. CONCLUSIONS In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Level I trauma centers created processes to provide optimal trauma patient care and still protect providers. Other centers can use the processes described to continue care of trauma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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22
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Cook TM, Wilkes A, Bickford Smith P, Dorn L, Stacey M, Kinsella SM, Sharpe P, Phillips P. Multicentre clinical simulation evaluation of the
ISO
80369‐6 neuraxial non‐Luer connector. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:619-629. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust BathUK
- School of Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - A. Wilkes
- Independent Medical Device Consultant Edinburgh UK
| | | | - L. Dorn
- Associate Director Clinical Development Baxter Healthcare Chicago IllinoisUSA
| | - M. Stacey
- Cardiff & Vale University Hospitals Board Cardiff UK
| | - S. M. Kinsella
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust BristolUK
| | - P. Sharpe
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust LeicesterUK
| | - P. Phillips
- Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK
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23
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Zhao H, Feng J, Seidel K, Shi S, Klein O, Sharpe P, Chai Y. Secretion of Shh by a Neurovascular Bundle Niche Supports Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homeostasis in the Adult Mouse Incisor. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:147. [PMID: 29979989 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Chu JJ, Hinshaw K, Paterson-Brown S, Johnston T, Matthews M, Webb J, Sharpe P. Perimortem caesarean section - why, when and how. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tog.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Chu
- Birmingham Women's Hospital; Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG UK
| | - Kim Hinshaw
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust; Sunderland SR4 7TP UK
| | | | - Tracey Johnston
- Birmingham Women's Hospital; Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG UK
| | | | - Julian Webb
- Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust; East Surrey Hospital; Redhill RH1 5RH UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE1 5WW UK
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25
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Mahmood A, Sharpe P. Non-Luer butterfly needle with one-way valve for epidural blood patch: impact on blood clotting. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:911-912. [PMID: 29890000 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mahmood
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P Sharpe
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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26
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Aberman H, Carbone A, Sharpe P, Smith N, Dunlop D, Howie DW, Field JR. An ovine model for total hip replacement: operative procedure and complications. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA cranio-lateral curvilinear incision in the skin was centered over the greater trochanter. The subsequent approach to the acetabulum involved blunt dissection and avoided the need for significant muscular incision. The major post-operative complications encountered were fracturing of the proximal (2/37) and distal femur (4/37), caudal neuropathy (2/37) and septic femoral stem loosening (1/37). At two years post-operatively, the morbidity rate was 24% and the mortality rate 19%.A regime of analgesia, involving constant infusion of xylazine, was developed and appeared very effective.Thirty-seven mature Merino wethers were utilized for an evaluation of a new acetabular cup design using a modular cemented total hip replacement system. The ovine model for total hip replacement provided a reliable and manageable method for the evaluation of component design and tissue response.
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27
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Najmabadi F, Raffray AR, Abdel-Khalik SI, Bromberg L, El-Guebaly LA, Goodin D, Haynes D, Latkowski J, Meier W, Moore R, Neff S, Olson CL, Perkins J, Petti D, Petzoldt R, Rose DV, Sharp WM, Sharpe P, Tillack MS, Waganer L, Welch D, Yoda M, Yu SS, Zaghloul M. Operational Windows for Dry-Wall and Wetted-Wall IFE Chambers. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst04-a580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Najmabadi
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Energy Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - A. R. Raffray
- University of California, San Diego, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and Center for Energy Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - S. I. Abdel-Khalik
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - L. Bromberg
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - L. A. El-Guebaly
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - D. Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186
| | - D. Haynes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - J. Latkowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - W. Meier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. Moore
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Fusion Safety Program, EROB E-3 MS 3815, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3815
| | - S. Neff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C. L. Olson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
| | - J. Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. Petti
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Fusion Safety Program, EROB E-3 MS 3815, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3815
| | - R. Petzoldt
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186
| | - D. V. Rose
- Mission Research Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110
| | - W. M. Sharp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. Sharpe
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Fusion Safety Program, EROB E-3 MS 3815, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3815
| | - M. S. Tillack
- University of California, San Diego, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and Center for Energy Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - L. Waganer
- Boeing High Energy Systems, St. Louis, Missouri 63166
| | - D.R. Welch
- Mission Research Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110
| | - M. Yoda
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - S. S. Yu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M. Zaghloul
- University of California, San Diego, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and Center for Energy Research, La Jolla, California 92093
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Raffray AR, Abdel-Khalik SI, Haynes D, Najmabadi F, Sharpe P, Yoda M, Zaghloul M. Thermo Fluid Dynamics and Chamber Aerosol Behavior for Thin Liquid Wall under IFE Cyclic Operation. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst04-a582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Raffray
- University of California, San Diego, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and Center for Energy Research, EBU-II, Room 460, La Jolla, California 92093-0417
| | - S. I. Abdel-Khalik
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - D. Haynes
- University of Wisconsin, Fusion Technology Institute, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1687
| | - F. Najmabadi
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Energy Research, EBU-II, Room 460, La Jolla, California 92093-0417
| | - P. Sharpe
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Fusion Safety Program, EROB E-3 MS 3815, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3815
| | - M. Yoda
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
| | - M. Zaghloul
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Energy Research, EBU-II, Room 460, La Jolla, California 92093-0417
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Beckett VA, Knight M, Sharpe P. The CAPS Study: incidence, management and outcomes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy in the UK: a prospective, descriptive study. BJOG 2017; 124:1374-1381. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VA Beckett
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Bradford UK
| | - M Knight
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - P Sharpe
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester UK
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Kaucka M, Ivashkin E, Gyllborg D, Zikmund T, Tesarova M, Kaiser J, Xie M, Petersen J, Pachnis V, Nicolis SK, Yu T, Sharpe P, Arenas E, Brismar H, Blom H, Clevers H, Suter U, Chagin AS, Fried K, Hellander A, Adameyko I. Analysis of neural crest-derived clones reveals novel aspects of facial development. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600060. [PMID: 27493992 PMCID: PMC4972470 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells populate the future facial region and produce ectomesenchyme-derived tissues, such as cartilage, bone, dermis, smooth muscle, adipocytes, and many others. However, the contribution of individual neural crest cells to certain facial locations and the general spatial clonal organization of the ectomesenchyme have not been determined. We investigated how neural crest cells give rise to clonally organized ectomesenchyme and how this early ectomesenchyme behaves during the developmental processes that shape the face. Using a combination of mouse and zebrafish models, we analyzed individual migration, cell crowd movement, oriented cell division, clonal spatial overlapping, and multilineage differentiation. The early face appears to be built from multiple spatially defined overlapping ectomesenchymal clones. During early face development, these clones remain oligopotent and generate various tissues in a given location. By combining clonal analysis, computer simulations, mouse mutants, and live imaging, we show that facial shaping results from an array of local cellular activities in the ectomesenchyme. These activities mostly involve oriented divisions and crowd movements of cells during morphogenetic events. Cellular behavior that can be recognized as individual cell migration is very limited and short-ranged and likely results from cellular mixing due to the proliferation activity of the tissue. These cellular mechanisms resemble the strategy behind limb bud morphogenesis, suggesting the possibility of common principles and deep homology between facial and limb outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kaucka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Silvia K. Nicolis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Princess Maxima Centre and University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrei S. Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hellander
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 05, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (I.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Corresponding author. (I.A.); (A.H.)
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Bassler N, Grzanka L, Scholz M, Friedrich T, Durante M, Sharpe P, Palmans H, Sørensen B. Alanine as a Dose Verification Tool for Carbon Ion In-Vivo Irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)30014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Beckett VA, Sharpe P, Knight M. CAPS—A UKOSS STUDY OF CARDIAC ARREST IN PREGNANCY AND THE USE OF PERI-MORTEM CAESAREAN SECTION. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. Arch Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205372.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schmitz T, Bassler N, Blaickner M, Ziegner M, Hsiao MC, Liu YH, Koivunoro H, Auterinen I, Serén T, Kotiluoto P, Palmans H, Sharpe P, Langguth P, Hampel G. The alanine detector in BNCT dosimetry: dose response in thermal and epithermal neutron fields. Med Phys 2015; 42:400-11. [PMID: 25563280 DOI: 10.1118/1.4901299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The response of alanine solid state dosimeters to ionizing radiation strongly depends on particle type and energy. Due to nuclear interactions, neutron fields usually also consist of secondary particles such as photons and protons of diverse energies. Various experiments have been carried out in three different neutron beams to explore the alanine dose response behavior and to validate model predictions. Additionally, application in medical neutron fields for boron neutron capture therapy is discussed. METHODS Alanine detectors have been irradiated in the thermal neutron field of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz, Germany, in five experimental conditions, generating different secondary particle spectra. Further irradiations have been made in the epithermal neutron beams at the research reactors FiR 1 in Helsinki, Finland, and Tsing Hua open pool reactor in HsinChu, Taiwan ROC. Readout has been performed with electron spin resonance spectrometry with reference to an absorbed dose standard in a (60)Co gamma ray beam. Absorbed doses and dose components have been calculated using the Monte Carlo codes fluka and mcnp. The relative effectiveness (RE), linking absorbed dose and detector response, has been calculated using the Hansen & Olsen alanine response model. RESULTS The measured dose response of the alanine detector in the different experiments has been evaluated and compared to model predictions. Therefore, a relative effectiveness has been calculated for each dose component, accounting for its dependence on particle type and energy. Agreement within 5% between model and measurement has been achieved for most irradiated detectors. Significant differences have been observed in response behavior between thermal and epithermal neutron fields, especially regarding dose composition and depth dose curves. The calculated dose components could be verified with the experimental results in the different primary and secondary particle fields. CONCLUSIONS The alanine detector can be used without difficulty in neutron fields. The response has been understood with the model used which includes the relative effectiveness. Results and the corresponding discussion lead to the conclusion that application in neutron fields for medical purpose is limited by its sensitivity but that it is a useful tool as supplement to other detectors and verification of neutron source descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmitz
- Institute for nuclear chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - N Bassler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Blaickner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna A-1220, Austria
| | - M Ziegner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna A-1220, Austria and TU Wien, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1020, Austria
| | - M C Hsiao
- Insitute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y H Liu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H Koivunoro
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014, Finland and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - I Auterinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - T Serén
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - P Kotiluoto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - H Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom and Medical Physics Group, EBG MedAustron GmbH, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - P Sharpe
- National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Langguth
- Department of Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - G Hampel
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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Kaukua N, Shahidi MK, Konstantinidou C, Dyachuk V, Kaucka M, Furlan A, An Z, Wang L, Hultman I, Ahrlund-Richter L, Blom H, Brismar H, Lopes NA, Pachnis V, Suter U, Clevers H, Thesleff I, Sharpe P, Ernfors P, Fried K, Adameyko I. Glial origin of mesenchymal stem cells in a tooth model system. Nature 2014; 513:551-4. [PMID: 25079316 DOI: 10.1038/nature13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells occupy niches in stromal tissues where they provide sources of cells for specialized mesenchymal derivatives during growth and repair. The origins of mesenchymal stem cells have been the subject of considerable discussion, and current consensus holds that perivascular cells form mesenchymal stem cells in most tissues. The continuously growing mouse incisor tooth offers an excellent model to address the origin of mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells dwell in a niche at the tooth apex where they produce a variety of differentiated derivatives. Cells constituting the tooth are mostly derived from two embryonic sources: neural crest ectomesenchyme and ectodermal epithelium. It has been thought for decades that the dental mesenchymal stem cells giving rise to pulp cells and odontoblasts derive from neural crest cells after their migration in the early head and formation of ectomesenchymal tissue. Here we show that a significant population of mesenchymal stem cells during development, self-renewal and repair of a tooth are derived from peripheral nerve-associated glia. Glial cells generate multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that produce pulp cells and odontoblasts. By combining a clonal colour-coding technique with tracing of peripheral glia, we provide new insights into the dynamics of tooth organogenesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaukua
- 1] Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden [2]
| | | | - Chrysoula Konstantinidou
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- 1] Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden [2] A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Marketa Kaucka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Zhengwen An
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 3QD, UK
| | - Longlong Wang
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 3QD, UK
| | - Isabell Hultman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Lars Ahrlund-Richter
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Natalia Assaife Lopes
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Hans Clevers
- 1] Hubrecht Institute, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW), PO Box 85164, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 3QD, UK
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Zhao H, Feng J, Seidel K, Shi S, Klein O, Sharpe P, Chai Y. Secretion of shh by a neurovascular bundle niche supports mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis in the adult mouse incisor. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:160-73. [PMID: 24506883 PMCID: PMC3951379 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are typically defined by their in vitro characteristics, and as a consequence the in vivo identity of MSCs and their niches are poorly understood. To address this issue, we used lineage tracing in a mouse incisor model and identified the neurovascular bundle (NVB) as an MSC niche. We found that NVB sensory nerves secrete Shh protein, which activates Gli1 expression in periarterial cells that contribute to all mesenchymal derivatives. These periarterial cells do not express classical MSC markers used to define MSCs in vitro. In contrast, NG2(+) pericytes represent an MSC subpopulation derived from Gli1+ cells; they express classical MSC markers and contribute little to homeostasis but are actively involved in injury repair. Likewise, incisor Gli1(+) cells, but not NG2(+) cells, exhibit typical MSC characteristics in vitro. Collectively, we demonstrate that MSCs originate from periarterial cells and are regulated by Shh secretion from an NVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London TN3 9TF, UK
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Tiong-Yip CL, Plant H, Sharpe P, Fan J, Rich K, Gorseth E, Yu Q. Development of a high-throughput replicon assay for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2013; 101:75-81. [PMID: 24246168 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) drug discovery has been hindered by the lack of good chemistry starting points and would benefit from robust and convenient assays for high-throughput screening (HTS). In this paper, we present the development and optimization of a 384-well RSV replicon assay that enabled HTS for RSV replication inhibitors with a low bio-containment requirement. The established replicon assay was successfully implemented for high-throughput screening. A validation screen was performed which demonstrated high assay performance and reproducibility. Assay quality was further confirmed via demonstration of appropriate pharmacology for different classes of RSV replication tool inhibitors. RSV replicon and cytotoxicity assays were further developed into a multiplexed format that measured both inhibition of viral replication and cytotoxicity from the same well. This provided a time and cost efficient approach to support lead optimization. In summary, we have developed a robust RSV replicon assay to help expedite the discovery of novel RSV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choi-Lai Tiong-Yip
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
| | - Helen Plant
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jun Fan
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Kirsty Rich
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Elise Gorseth
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Qin Yu
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
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Philip A, Elton C, Sharpe P. Preservative-free bicarbonate for epidural top-up(2.). Anaesthesia 2013; 68:1196. [PMID: 24128024 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Philip
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Sharpe
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester; UK
| | - S. Scott
- East Midlands (South) School of Anaesthesia; Leicester; UK
| | - J. M. Gross
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; Leicester; UK
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Baker N, Sharpe P, Culley K, Otero M, Bevan D, Newham P, Barker W, Clements KM, Langham CJ, Goldring MB, Gavrilović J. Dual regulation of metalloproteinase expression in chondrocytes by Wnt-1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3/CCN6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2289-99. [PMID: 22294415 DOI: 10.1002/art.34411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt-1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP-3)/CCN6 is mutated in progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia and may have effects on cartilage homeostasis. The aim of this study was to ascertain additional roles for WISP-3/CCN6 by determining its expression in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and by investigating its effects on cartilage-relevant metalloproteinase expression in immortalized (C-28/I2) and primary chondrocytes. METHODS Cartilage steady-state levels of WISP-3/CCN6 messenger RNA and protein production were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. WISP-3/CCN6 was overexpressed in C-28/I2 cells, and the resultant clones were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The stable clones were analyzed by RT-PCR for metalloproteinase expression, and the signaling pathways involved were investigated using pharmacologic inhibition. The effects of WISP-3/CCN6 on metalloproteinase expression in primary chondrocytes were investigated using a small interfering RNA approach. RESULTS WISP-3/CCN6 was highly expressed in OA cartilage compared with undamaged cartilage, at both the RNA and protein levels. WISP-3/CCN6 overexpression in C-28/I2 cells resulted in unexpected dual regulation of metalloproteinases; expression of the potent aggrecanase ADAMTS-5 was down-regulated 9-fold, while expression of MMP-10 was up-regulated 14-fold, and these responses were accentuated in the WISP-3/CCN6 clones grown in suspension. MMP-10 up-regulation was dependent on several MAPKs, but WISP-3/CCN6-mediated ADAMTS-5 repression was independent of these pathways and was partially relieved by activation of β-catenin signaling. WISP-3/CCN6 also suppressed ADAMTS-5 expression in C-28/I2 cells treated with cytokines. In cytokine-treated primary chondrocytes, gene silencing of WISP-3/CCN6 resulted in enhanced ADAMTS-5 expression, while MMP-10 expression was suppressed. CONCLUSION WISP-3/CCN6 was highly expressed in end-stage OA cartilage, suggesting a role for this growth factor in cartilage homeostasis. WISP-3/CCN6-induced repression of ADAMTS-5 expression and regulation of MMP-10 expression suggest complex and context-dependent roles for WISP-3/CCN6 in cartilage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Gago-Arias A, Pardo-Montero J, Rodríguez-Romero R, Sánchez-Rubio P, Núñez L, Palmans H, Sharpe P, Fayos F, Antolín E, Simón R. OC-0515 IONIZATION CHAMBER CORRECTION FACTORS IN YOMOTHERAPY AND CYBERKNIFE. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharpe P. Mesenchymal stem cell niches in tooth growth and repair. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.202.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial DevelopmentKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Kantaputra PN, Thawanaphong S, Issarangporn W, Klangsinsirikul P, Ohazama A, Sharpe P, Supanchart C. Long-term survival in infantile malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis secondary to homozygous p.Arg526Gln mutation in CLCN7. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:909-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gago-Arias A, Pardo-Montero J, Rodriguez-Romero R, Sanchez-Rubio P, Gonzalez-Castano D, Palmans H, Sharpe P, Fayos F, Antolin E, Simon R, Gomez F. 254 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR IONIZATION CHAMBER DOSIMETRY IN TOMOTHERAPY AND CYBERKNIFE. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McCall DO, McGartland CP, McKinley MC, Sharpe P, McCance DR, Young IS, Woodside JV. The effect of increased dietary fruit and vegetable consumption on endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidative stress in hypertensive volunteers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:658-664. [PMID: 20392617 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Public health campaigns recommend increased fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption as an effective means of cardiovascular risk reduction. During an 8 week randomised control trial among hypertensive volunteers, we noted significant improvements in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation with increasing FV consumption. Circulating indices of inflammation, endothelial activation and insulin resistance are often employed as alternative surrogates for systemic arterial health. The responses of several such biomarkers to our previously described FV intervention are reported here. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypertensive volunteers were recruited from medical outpatient clinics. After a common 4 week run-in period during which FV consumption was limited to 1 portion per day, participants were randomised to 1, 3 or 6 portions daily for 8 weeks. Venous blood samples for biomarker analyses were collected during the pre and post-intervention vascular assessments. A total of 117 volunteers completed the 12 week study. Intervention-related changes in circulating levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) did not differ significantly between FV groups. Similarly, there were no significant between group differences of change in homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite mediating a significant improvement in acetylcholine induced vasodilatation, increased FV consumption did not affect a calculated measure of insulin resistance or concentrations of the circulating biomarkers measured during this study. Functional indices of arterial health such as endothelium-dependent vasomotion are likely to provide more informative cardiovascular end-points during short-term dietary intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O McCall
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Public Health, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, UK.
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Junell S, Sharpe P, Palmans H, DeWerdl L. WE-E-BRB-09: TLD-100, Alanine, and Ionization Chamber Dosimetric Measurements in Small Megavoltage Photon Fields. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kantaputra P, Tanpaiboon P, Porntaveetus T, Ohazama A, Sharpe P, Rauch A, Hussadaloy A, Thiel CT. The smallest teeth in the world are caused by mutations in the PCNT gene. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1398-403. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hensley F, Wagenknecht K, Sharpe P, Pychlau C, Roeder F, Timke C, Felici G. 23 poster COMPARISON OF IONISATION AND CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY FOR THE CALIBRATION OF A HEAVILY PULSED ELECTRON ACCELERATOR. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meier W, Raffray A, Kurtz R, Morley N, Reiersen W, Sharpe P, Willms S. Findings of the US research needs workshop on the topic of fusion power. Fusion Engineering and Design 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resident in bone marrow are one of the most studied and clinically important populations of adult stem cells. Cells with, similar properties to these MSCs have been described in several different tooth tissues and the potential ease with which these dental MSCs could be obtained from patients has prompted great interest in these cells as a source of MSCs for cell-based therapeutics. In this review we address the current state of knowledge regarding these cells, their properties, origins, locations, functions and potential uses in tooth tissue engineering and repair. We discuss some of the key controversies and outstanding issues, not least of which whether dental stem cells actually exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantesso
- Guy's Hospital, Dental Institute, Kings College London, Department of Craniofacial Development, London SE1 9RT, UK
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