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Unguryte A, Uzieliene I, Bagdonas E, Zentelyte A, Porvaneckas N, Bernotiene E. Potential of MSCA1 for isolating osteogenic cells in a chondrocyte population. Sci Rep 2025; 15:7813. [PMID: 40050298 PMCID: PMC11885582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the utility of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antigen-1 (MSCA1) (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)) as a potential marker for purification of human chondrocyte fraction with less heterogenous phenotype from those with osteogenic properties. Chondrocytes were isolated from human osteoarthritis cartilage and sorted according to MSCA1 expression by MACS (Magnetic-activated cell sorting) and FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) techniques (MSCA1high and MSCA1low), analyzed for gene expression, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities, and were compared between the sorted populations. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulation in osteogenic genes (ALPL and RUNX2) and significantly lower expression of chondrocyte-specific genes (COL2A1, SOX9 and MIA) in sorted MSCA1high, as compared to MSCA1low. Expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform gene ALDH1A2 was enriched in MSCA1low chondrocytes. Stronger osteogenic differentiation was observed in MSCA1high, as compared to the unsorted cells, and particularly, MSCA1low chondrocytes. Expression of MSCA1 in human chondrocytes is biased in their commitment to the osteogenic lineage. We demonstrate that MSCA1 can be used as a marker for separation of cells, prone to differentiate towards osteogenic lineage from those, retaining chondrogenic phenotype. This may allow enrichment of a chondrogenic population and separation from undesirable osteoprogenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Unguryte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Innovative medicine centre, Santariskiu g. 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Innovative medicine centre, Santariskiu g. 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Innovative medicine centre, Santariskiu g. 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Zentelyte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Innovative medicine centre, Santariskiu g. 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Narūnas Porvaneckas
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Innovative medicine centre, Santariskiu g. 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania.
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, VilniusTech, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase, a Possible Mediator of Cell Maturation: Towards a New Paradigm. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123338. [PMID: 34943845 PMCID: PMC8699127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein capable of providing inorganic phosphate by catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters, or removing inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits calcification. In humans, four forms of ALP cDNA have been cloned, among which tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) (TNSALP) is widely distributed in the liver, bone, and kidney, making it an important marker in clinical and basic research. Interestingly, TNSALP is highly expressed in juvenile cells, such as pluripotent stem cells (i.e., embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and somatic stem cells (i.e., neuronal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Hypophosphatasia is a genetic disorder causing defects in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. Mutations in the gene coding for TNSALP are thought to be responsible for the abnormalities, suggesting the essential role of TNSALP in these events. Moreover, a reverse-genetics-based study using mice revealed that TNSALP is important in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. However, little is known about the role of TNSALP in the maintenance and differentiation of juvenile cells. Recently, it was reported that cells enriched with TNSALP are more easily reprogrammed into iPSCs than those with less TNSALP. Furthermore, in bone marrow stem cells, ALP could function as a "signal regulator" deciding the fate of these cells. In this review, we summarize the properties of ALP and the background of ALP gene analysis and its manipulation, with a special focus on the potential role of TNSALP in the generation (and possibly maintenance) of juvenile cells.
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Blueberry Juice Antioxidants Protect Osteogenic Activity against Oxidative Stress and Improve Long-Term Activation of the Mineralization Process in Human Osteoblast-Like SaOS-2 Cells: Involvement of SIRT1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020125. [PMID: 32024159 PMCID: PMC7070538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables with many antioxidants can be very important in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Studies show that oxidative stress, often due to lack of antioxidants, is involved in alteration of bone remodeling and reduction in bone density. This study demonstrates in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells that blueberry juice (BJ), containing 7.5 or 15 μg∙mL-1 total soluble polyphenols (TSP), is able to prevent the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and the mineralization process due to oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. This situation mimics a metabolic condition of oxidative stress that may occur during estrogen deficiency. The effect of BJ phytochemicals occurs through redox- and non-redox-regulated mechanisms. BJ protects from oxidative damage factors related to bone remodeling and bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase and Runt-related transcription factor 2. It upregulates these factors by activation of sirtuin type 1 deacetylase expression, a possible molecular target for anti-osteoporotic drugs. Quantitative analysis of TSP in BJ shows high levels of anthocyanins with high antioxidant capacity and bioavailability. These novel data may be important to elucidate the molecular and cellular beneficial effects of blueberry polyphenols on bone regeneration, and they suggest their use as a dietary supplement for osteoporosis prevention and therapies.
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Kihara T, Umezu C, Sawada K, Furutani Y. Osteogenic cells form mineralized particles, a few μm in size, in a 3D collagen gel culture. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7889. [PMID: 31660270 PMCID: PMC6815190 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic cells form mineralized matrices in vitro, as well as in vivo. The formation and shape of the mineralized matrices are highly regulated by the cells. In vitro formation of mineralized matrices by osteogenic cells can be a model for in vivo osteogenesis. In this study, using a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel culture system, we developed a new in vitro model for the formation of mineralized particles, a few µm in size, by the osteogenic cells. Human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells formed spherical mineralized matrices (about 12 µm) at approximately 7 days when cultured with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-containing culture media on 2D tissue culture plates. Alternately, when they were cultured in a 3D collagen gel containing β-GP, they formed mineralized particles with about 1.7 µm in the gel at approximately 3 days. Calcium precipitation in the gel was evaluated by measuring the gel turbidity. This type of mineralization of HOS cells, which formed mineralized particles inside the gel, was also observed in a peptide-based hydrogel culture. The mineralized particles were completely diminished by inhibiting the activity of Pit-1, phosphate cotransporter, of the HOS cells. When mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, which form large and flat mineralized matrices in 2D osteogenic conditions at approximately 3 weeks of culture, were cultured in a 3D collagen gel, they also formed mineralized particles in the gel, similar to those in HOS cells, at approximately 18 days. Thus, osteogenic cells cultured in the 3D collagen gel form mineralized particles over a shorter period, and the mineralization could be easily determined by gel turbidity. This 3D gel culture system of osteogenic cells acts as a useful model for cells forming particle-type mineralized matrices, and we assume that the mineralized particles in the 3D hydrogel are calcospherulites, which are derived from matrix vesicles secreted by osteogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kihara
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiya Umezu
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karin Sawada
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukari Furutani
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Multiple Functions of MSCA-1/TNAP in Adult Mesenchymal Progenitor/Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1815982. [PMID: 26839555 PMCID: PMC4709781 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1815982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about mesenchymal stem cells has considerably grown in the last years. Since the proof of concept of the existence of such cells in the 70s by Friedenstein et al., a growing mass of reports were conducted for a better definition of these cells and for the reevaluation from the term “mesenchymal stem cells” to the term “mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).” Being more than a semantic shift, concepts behind this new terminology reveal the complexity and the heterogeneity of the cells grouped in MSC family especially as these cells are present in nearly all adult tissues. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell antigen-1 (MSCA-1)/tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) was described as a new cell surface marker of MSCs from different tissues. The alkaline phosphatase activity of this protein could be involved in wide range of MSC features described below from cell differentiation to immunomodulatory properties, as well as occurrence of pathologies. The present review aims to decipher and summarize the role of TNAP in progenitor cells from different tissues focusing preferentially on brain, bone marrow, and adipose tissue.
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Silva JC, Sampaio P, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS. The Osteogenic Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Impaired in Experimental Diabetes. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1658-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Silva
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
| | - P. Sampaio
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology (IBMC); Porto Portugal
| | - M. H. Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
| | - P. S. Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva Porto 4200-393 Portugal
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Tian X, Wang Q, Wang X. Four and a Half LIM Domain Protein 2 Enhances Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:513-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Hui AWH, Lau HW, Cao CY, Zhou JW, Lai PBS, Tsui SKW. Downregulation of PLZF in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:397-402. [PMID: 25369784 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in a series of cancers including prostate, melanoma, colon cancer and leukemia. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been illustrated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and epigenetic regulation of PLZF as well as its clinical significance in HCC. We found that the expression of PLZF was significantly downregulated in HCC samples at both the RNA level (P<0.001) and protein level compared with these levels in adjacent normal tissues. The relative expression level of PLZF was also positively correlated with the ALP level (P=0.026) noted in the HCC patients. However, hypermethylation was only detected in one out of 5 paired HCC samples, indicating that methylation of the selected promoter region (from -1702 to -1388) may not be the major regulatory mechanism for the downregulation of PLZF in HCC. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the diagnostic value for differentiating between HCC and benign diseases. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for indicating the value of PLZF as an HCC biomarker was 0.794 (95% CI, 0.697-0.892; P<0.001). Taken together, our results suggest that PLZF may play an important role in HCC development and may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Wang-Hei Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hon-Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Cyanne Ye Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Paul Bo-San Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Loebel C, Czekanska EM, Staudacher J, Salzmann G, Richards RG, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. The calcification potential of human MSCs can be enhanced by interleukin-1β in osteogenic medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:564-571. [PMID: 25185894 DOI: 10.1002/term.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the key regulators of the repair process in bone tissues. Current data about the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on MSCs and osteoblasts are conflicting. We investigated the long-term effect of IL-1β on direct osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. IL-1β-stimulated cells showed enhanced proliferation and entered maturation prior to non-stimulated ones, as monitored by ALP activity. The process of calcification was accelerated during long-term stimulation of hMSCs with IL-1β. Since donor variability is a well-known issue, we suggest a new method to illustrate global changes of a random chosen donor population through collative analysis. We further demonstrate an absorbance assay to evaluate the degree of calcification during in vitro culture of monolayer expanded hMSCs. Our findings support the importance of IL-1β in osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in an in vitro monolayer culture model. A new online absorbance assay is a useful method to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs at early stages. These findings will be helpful in optimizing predifferentiation of hMSCs in vitro for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith Staudacher
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gian Salzmann
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
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Effects of Hierarchical Micro/Nano-Textured Titanium Surface Features on Osteoblast-Specific Gene Expression. IMPLANT DENT 2013; 22:656-61. [DOI: 10.1097/01.id.0000434273.22605.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Sista S, Nouri A, Li Y, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium-zirconium alloy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3416-30. [PMID: 23559548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Sista
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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12
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Romagnoli C, Marcucci G, Favilli F, Zonefrati R, Mavilia C, Galli G, Tanini A, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT. Role of GSH/GSSG redox couple in osteogenic activity and osteoclastogenic markers of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. FEBS J 2012; 280:867-79. [PMID: 23176170 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study comprised a comprehensive analysis of the glutathione (GSH) redox system during osteogenic differentiation in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. For the first time, a clear relationship between expression of specific factors involved in bone remodeling and the changes in the GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) redox couple induced during the early phases of the differentiation and mineralization process is shown. The findings show that the time course of differentiation is characterized by a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and this behavior is also related to the expression of osteoclastogenic markers. Maintenance of a high GSH/GSSG ratio due to GSH exposure in the early phase of this process increases mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation markers and mineralization. Conversely, these events are decreased by a low GSH/GSSG ratio in a reversible manner. Redox regulation of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2) activation through phosphorylation is shown. An inverse relationship between RUNX-2 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinases related to GSH redox potential is observed. The GSH/GSSG redox couple also affects osteoclastogenesis, mainly through osteoprotegerin down-regulation with an increase in the ratio of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin and vice versa. No redox regulation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression was found. These results indicate that the GSH/GSSG redox couple may have a pivotal role in bone remodeling and bone redox-dysregulated diseases. They suggest therapeutic use of compounds that are able to modulate not just the GSH level but the intracellular redox system through the GSH/GSSG redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Choi YJ, Lee JY, Chung CP, Park YJ. Enhanced osteogenesis by collagen-binding peptide from bone sialoproteinin vitroandin vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:547-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Agata H, Yamazaki M, Uehara M, Hori A, Sumita Y, Tojo A, Kagami H. Characteristic differences among osteogenic cell populations of rat bone marrow stromal cells isolated from untreated, hemolyzed or Ficoll-treated marrow. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:791-801. [PMID: 22494074 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.674639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Although bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (SC; BMSC) isolated from adherent cultures of untreated BM are known to contain both committed and uncommitted osteogenic cells, it remains unknown whether BMSC isolated either by hemolysis or Ficoll centrifugation also contain both of these populations. METHODS Differences in the osteogenic cell populations of rat BMSC isolated from untreated, hemolyzed or Ficoll-treated BM were analyzed by in vivo transplantation, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and alizarin red staining. RESULTS Transplantation of non-cultured samples indicated that the Ficolled BMSC contained the lowest number of committed osteogenic cells. Flow cytometric analysis of cultured, non-induced samples showed that the percentage of ALP-positive cells was significantly lower in Ficolled BMSC. Quantitative ALP assays confirmed that the lowest ALP activity was in the Ficolled BMSC. Hemolyzed BMSC also contained lower numbers of committed osteogenic cells than untreated BMSC, but still more than Ficolled BMSC. Interestingly, the Ficolled BMSC showed the greatest levels of osteogenic ability when cultured in osteogenic induction medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, although Ficolled BMSC rarely contain committed osteogenic cells, they are able to show comparable or even greater levels of osteogenic ability after induction, possibly because they contain a greater proportion of uncommitted stem cells. In contrast, induction is optional but recommended for both untreated and hemolyzed BMSC before use, because both these groups contain both committed and uncommitted osteogenic cells. These findings are of significant importance when isolating BMSC for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Agata
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Smith W, du Toit EF, Michie J, Hough FS, Ferris WF. Depot-specific and hypercaloric diet-induced effects on the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation potential of adipose-derived stromal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:55-66. [PMID: 21827826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated in vitro into several mesenchyme-derived cell types. We had previously described depot-specific differences in the adipocyte differentiation of ADSCs, and consequently we hypothesized that there may also be depot-specific differences in osteoblast differentiation of ADSCs. For this study, the osteoblast differentiation potential of rat subcutaneous ADSCs (scADSCs) and perirenal visceral ADSCs (pvADSCs) was compared. Osteoblast differentiation media (OM) induced markers of the osteoblastic phenotype in scADSCs, but not in pvADSCs. ADSCs harvested from rats with diet-induced visceral obesity (DIO) exhibited reduced osteoinduction, compared to lean controls, but adipocyte differentiation was not affected. Expression of the pro-osteogenic transcription factor Msx2 was significantly higher in naïve scADSCs from lean and DIO rats than in pvADSCs. Our findings indicate that ADSCs from different anatomical sites are uniquely pre-programmed in vivo in a depot-specific manner, and that diet-induced metabolic disturbances translate into reduced osteoblast differentiation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Campus, P.O. Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow 7505, South Africa
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16
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Kermer V, Ritter M, Albuquerque B, Leib C, Stanke M, Zimmermann H. Knockdown of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase impairs neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2010; 485:208-11. [PMID: 20849921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricles houses neural stem cells giving rise to young neurons migrating towards the olfactory bulb. The molecular cues controlling essential functions within the neurogenesis pathway such as proliferation, short and long distance migration, differentiation and functional integration are poorly understood. Neural progenitors in situ express the tissue nonspecific form of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), a cell surface-located nonspecific phosphomonoesterase capable of hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. To gain insight into the functional role of TNAP in cultured multipotent neural stem cells we applied a knockdown protocol using RNA interference with shRNA and retroviral infection. We show that TNAP knockdown reduces cell proliferation and differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes. This effect is abrogated by addition of alkaline phosphatase to the culture medium. Our results suggest that TNAP is essential for NSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro and possibly also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kermer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biocenter, J.W. Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Lencel P, Hardouin P, Magne D. Do cytokines induce vascular calcification by the mere stimulation of TNAP activity? Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:517-21. [PMID: 20674184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification occurs during aging in the general population and is increased in the intima by atherosclerosis and in the media by diabetes type 2. In both intima and media, calcification may lead to the formation of a tissue very similar if not identical to bone, with bone cells and bone marrow. Since vascular calcification is associated with cardiovascular complications, a better understanding of the inducing mechanisms could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Many studies have provided evidence for a role of inflammation and inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the vascular calcification process. TNF-α and IL-1β have indeed been shown to stimulate in vitro the expression by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of tissue-non specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), a key enzyme in the mineralization process, and to trigger the trans-differentiation of VSMCs into osteoblast-like cells, expressing the master transcription factor RUNX2. These data are however somewhat contradictory with the known inhibitory effects of inflammatory cytokines on bone formation. TNF-α for instance dramatically decreases RUNX2 RNA expression, protein stability and activity, and as a consequence, is a potent inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In the present article, we propose a new hypothesis to explain this calcification paradox. We propose that cytokines block bone formation by decreasing RUNX2-mediated type I collagen production in osteoblasts, whereas they induce vascular ossification by the mere stimulation of TNAP by VSMCs, independently of RUNX2. We propose that this stimulation of TNAP in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo may be sufficient to induce the calcification of collagen fibrils, and that the absence of crystal clearance, in turn, induces the differentiation of VSMCs and/or mesenchymal stem cells into bone-forming cells, eventually leading to formation of a bone-like tissue. In case future experimental studies support this hypothesis, the early stimulatory and late inhibitory effects of inflammation on vascular calcification will have to be taken into consideration in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lencel
- Physiopathology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, EA4490, Univ Lille Nord de France, Quai Masset, Bassin Napoléon BP120, 62327 Boulogne/Mer, France
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Laflamme C, Curt S, Rouabhia M. Epidermal growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins upregulate osteoblast proliferation and osteoblastic markers and inhibit bone nodule formation. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:689-701. [PMID: 20627196 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro osteogenic activity of EGF in association with bone morphogenetic proteins BMP2 and BMP7. METHODS SaOS-2 (osteoblast-like cell line from human osteosarcoma) were cultured in the presence of EGF and BMPs for various culture periods to assess (a) cell proliferation by MTT assay, (b) Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) mRNA expression using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, and (c) bone tissue mineralization using Alizarin Red staining. RESULTS EGF alone was able to stimulate osteoblast growth in a time-dependent manner. When mixed with BMP2, BMP7, and their combination, EGF greatly promoted osteoblast growth, compared to the BMP- and EGF-stimulated cells, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between EGF and BMPs on osteoblast growth. Stimulation with EGF, EGF/BMP2, and EGF/BMP2/BMP7 for 7 days upregulated Runx2 mRNA expression by the osteoblasts. EGF downregulated ALP mRNA expression, which was recovered when the BMP2/BMP7 combination was added to the osteoblast culture. Tested on OC mRNA expression, EGF had no effect and inhibited the enhancing effect of BMP2 and BMP7 on osteocalcin expression. The bone mineralization assay showed that EGF reduced both the number and size of the bone nodules. This reducing effect was observable even in the presence of BMP2 and BMP7. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that EGF may act in the early phase to promote osteoblast growth and specific marker expression rather than the late phase involving cell differentiation/mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Laflamme
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Pavillon de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Mendonça G, Mendonça DBS, Simões LGP, Araújo AL, Leite ER, Duarte WR, Aragão FJL, Cooper LF. The effects of implant surface nanoscale features on osteoblast-specific gene expression. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4053-62. [PMID: 19464052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of nanoscale implant surface features on osteoblast differentiation. Titanium disks (20.0 x 1.0 mm) with different nanoscale materials were prepared using sol-gel-derived coatings and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the disks for 3-28 days. The levels of ALP, BSP, Runx2, OCN, OPG, and OSX mRNA and a panel of 76 genes related to osteogenesis were evaluated. Topographical and chemical evaluation confirmed nanoscale features present on the coated surfaces only. Bone-specific mRNAs were increased on surfaces with superimposed nanoscale features compared to Machined (M) and Acid etched (Ac). At day 14, OSX mRNA levels were increased by 2-, 3.5-, 4- and 3-fold for Anatase (An), Rutile (Ru), Alumina (Al), and Zirconia (Zr), respectively. OSX expression levels for M and Ac approximated baseline levels. At days 14 and 28 the BSP relative mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated for all surfaces with nanoscale coated features (up to 45-fold increase for Al). The PCR array showed an up-regulation on Al coated implants when compared to M. An improved response of cells adhered to nanostructured-coated implant surfaces was represented by increased OSX and BSP expressions. Furthermore, nanostructured surfaces produced using aluminum oxide significantly enhanced the hMSC gene expression representative of osteoblast differentiation. Nanoscale features on Ti implant substrates may improve the osseointegration response by altering adherent cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mendonça
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, SGAN Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte 70.790-160-Asa Norte Brasília/DF, Brazil.
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Ding J, Ghali O, Lencel P, Broux O, Chauveau C, Devedjian JC, Hardouin P, Magne D. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta inhibit RUNX2 and collagen expression but increase alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in human mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2009; 84:499-504. [PMID: 19302812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Joint inflammation leads to bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas it induces new bone formation in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). Our aims were to clarify the effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MAIN METHODS In MSCs, expression of osteoblast markers was assessed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and mineralization were determined by the method of Lowry and alizarin red staining respectively. Involvement of RUNX2 in cytokine effects was investigated in osteoblast-like cells transfected with a dominant negative construct. KEY FINDINGS TNF-alpha (from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml) and IL-1beta (from 0.1 to 1 ng/ml) stimulated TNAP activity and mineralization in MSCs. Addition of 50 ng/ml of IL-1 receptor antagonist in TNF-alpha-treated cultures did not reverse TNF-alpha effects, indicating that IL-1 was not involved in TNF-alpha-stimulated TNAP activity. Both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta decreased RUNX2 expression and osteocalcin secretion, suggesting that RUNX2 was not involved in mineralization. This hypothesis was confirmed in osteoblast-like cells expressing a dominant negative RUNX2, in which TNAP expression and activity were not reduced. Finally, since mineralization may merely rely on increased TNAP activity in a collagen-rich tissue, we investigated cytokine effects on collagen expression, and observed that cytokines decreased collagen expression in osteoblasts from MSC cultures. SIGNIFICANCE The different effects of cytokines on TNAP activity and collagen expression may therefore help explain why inflammation decreases bone formation in RA whereas it induces ectopic ossification from collagen-rich entheses during SpAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ding
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology EA2603, IFR114, ULCO, Université Lille Nord de France, France
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