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Morrow JD, El-Husseini ZW, Yun JH, Hersh CP. Airway Spatial Transcriptomics in Smoking. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2025:2025.04.01.25325047. [PMID: 40236402 PMCID: PMC11998807 DOI: 10.1101/2025.04.01.25325047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking has a significant impact on global health. Although cessation has positive health benefits, some molecular changes to intercellular communications may persist in the lung. In this study we created a framework to generate hypotheses by predicting altered cell-cell communication in smoker lungs using single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data. Methods We integrated publicly available lung single-cell transcriptomic data with spatial transcriptomic data from never-smoker and current-smoker lung tissue samples to create spatial transcriptomic data at virtual single-cell resolution by mapping individual cells from our lung scRNA-seq atlas to spots in the spatial transcriptomic data. Cell-cell communications altered in smoking were identified using the virtual single-cell transcriptomic data. Results We identified pathways altered in the three current-smoker samples compared with the three never-smoker samples, including the up-regulated collagen pathway. We observed increased collagen pathway activity involving the ligands COL1A1 and COL1A2 in adventitial fibroblasts and decreased activity involving COL1A2 and COL6A3 in pericytes and myofibroblasts, respectively. We also identified other pathways with structural (e.g. Fibronectin-1), immune-related (e.g. MHC-II), growth factor (e.g. Pleiotrophin) and immunophilin (e.g. Cyclophilin A) roles. Conclusions In this study we inferred spatially proximal cell-cell communication between interacting cell types from spatial transcriptomics at virtual single-cell resolution to identify lung intercellular signaling altered in smoking. Our findings further implicate several pathways previously identified, and provide additional molecular context to inform future functional experiments and therapeutic avenues to mitigate pathogenic effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett D. Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zaid W. El-Husseini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeong H. Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Aghila Rani KG, Soares NC, Rahman B, Giddey AD, Al-Hroub HM, Semreen MH, Al Kawas S. Medwakh smoking induces alterations in salivary proteins and cytokine expression: a clinical exploratory proteomics investigation. Clin Proteomics 2025; 22:2. [PMID: 39819313 PMCID: PMC11740365 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medwakh smoking has radically expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The rising popularity of medwakh/dokha usage is linked to the onset of several chronic illnesses including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Medwakh smoking is reported to increase the risk of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract owing to oxidative burden. To date, there are no reported studies investigating the impact of medwakh smoking on salivary protein profile. The current study aims to elucidate alterations in the salivary proteome profile of medwakh smokers. METHODS Saliva samples collected from 33 medwakh smokers and 30 non-smokers were subjected to proteomic analysis using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Saliva samples were further subjected to validatory experiments involving analysis of inflammatory cytokine profile using LEGENDplex™ Human Essential Immune Response Panel. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed alterations in the abundance of 74 key proteins including immune mediators and inflammatory markers in medwakh smokers (Accession: PXD045901). Proteins involved in building oxidative stress, alterations in cell anchorage, and cell metabolic processes were enhanced in medwakh smokers. Salivary immune response evaluation further validated the proteome findings, revealing significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines), IL-6 (Th2 cytokine), and MCP-1 (chemokine) in medwakh smokers. In addition, a substantial increase in abundance of involucrin suggesting a plausible stratified squamous cell differentiation and increased cell lysis in the oral cavity of medwakh smokers akin to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The protein-metabolite joint pathway analysis further showed significantly enriched differentially expressed proteins and metabolites of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, fructose and mannose, nicotinate and nicotinamide, and glutathione metabolism pathways among medwakh smokers. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study provide valuable insights on potential perturbations in various key immune molecules, cytokines, and signaling pathways among medwakh smokers. Medwakh smokers displayed elevated inflammation, increased oxidative stress and defective antioxidant responses, dysregulated energy metabolism, and alterations in proteins related to cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The findings of study underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public health interventions among youth by raising awareness, implementing effective smoking cessation programs, and promoting healthy lifestyle to safeguard the well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Aghila Rani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
- College of Medine, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Betul Rahman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Alexander D Giddey
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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3
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Xiong J, Xie L, Huang Y, Zhu J, Hong Z, Qian H, Liu J. Therapeutic effects of melatonin on the lungs of rats exposed to passive smoking. Respir Res 2024; 25:411. [PMID: 39563345 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-03042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive smoke has a significant impact on lung function and constitutes a critical public health issue, as smoking generates free radicals that damage the lungs and other tissues. Currently, limited research exists on whether the antioxidant melatonin can mitigate lung damage caused by smoking. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which melatonin alleviates acute lung disease induced by passive smoking. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups (n = 6): a control group and three groups exposed to low, medium, and high concentrations of smoke, and a melatonin treatment group. RESULTS Data indicated that in the high concentration passive smoking group, the alveolar structure of the lung tissue was destroyed, and the total antioxidant capacity in lung tissue diminished as the concentration of smoke increased. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β exhibited similar results. The anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA level significantly decreased in the high concentration smoking group, while no significant changes were observed in the medium and low concentration groups. Conversely, the high concentration passive smoking increased the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA levels. Additionally, endogenous melatonin levels in lung tissue gradually decreased following exposure to smoke, whereas the exogenous melatonin alleviated the changes in inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related factors in lung tissue. Furthermore, at high smoking concentrations, the mRNA levels of lung cancer-related genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cytochromeP450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) were significantly increased, while exogenous melatonin reduced the expression of these genes in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that melatonin can diminish lung tissue damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses induced by passive smoking, as well as decrease the expression of lung cancer-related genes. Further experimental investigations involving exogenous melatonin treatments will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Li Xie
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - YiRan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - JiaHui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - ZhiYan Hong
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - HaoYun Qian
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing, 210046, China
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Lehmann M, Krishnan R, Sucre J, Kulkarni HS, Pineda RH, Anderson C, Banovich NE, Behrsing HP, Dean CH, Haak A, Gosens R, Kaminski N, Zagorska A, Koziol-White C, Metcalf JP, Kim YH, Loebel C, Neptune E, Noel A, Raghu G, Sewald K, Sharma A, Suki B, Sperling A, Tatler A, Turner S, Rosas IO, van Ry P, Wille T, Randell SH, Pryhuber G, Rojas M, Bourke J, Königshoff M. Precision Cut Lung Slices: Emerging Tools for Preclinical and Translational Lung Research. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 72:16-31. [PMID: 39499861 PMCID: PMC11707673 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0479st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for effective treatments for acute and chronic lung diseases underscores the significance of developing innovative preclinical human research tools. The 2023 ATS Workshop on Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) brought together 35 experts to discuss and address the role of human tissue-derived PCLS as a unique tool for target and drug discovery and validation in pulmonary medicine. With increasing interest and usage, along with advancements in methods and technology, there is a growing need for consensus on PCLS methodology and readouts. The current document recommends standard reporting criteria and emphasizes the requirement for careful collection and integration of clinical metadata. We further discuss current clinically relevant readouts that can be applied to PCLS and highlight recent developments and future steps for implementing novel technologies for PCLS modeling and analysis. The collection and correlation of clinical metadata and multiomic analysis will further advent the integration of this preclinical platform into patient endotyping and the development of tailored therapies for lung disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Lung Health and Immunity, Munich, Germany;
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Emergency Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Jennifer Sucre
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ricardo H Pineda
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | | | - Holger P Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew Haak
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Yale School of Medicine , Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Mediine , New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Anna Zagorska
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, United States
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Enid Neptune
- Johns Hopkins, Medicine/Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Alexandra Noel
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- University of Washington Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Ashish Sharma
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Bela Suki
- Boston University, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anne Sperling
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Amanda Tatler
- University of Nottingham, Respiratory Medicine , Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pam van Ry
- Brigham Young University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Germany, Munich, Germany
| | - Scott H Randell
- University of North Carolina, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- University of Rochester, Pediatrics, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, , Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jane Bourke
- Monash University, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- University of Pittsburgh, Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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5
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Yan D. Association between α-klotho levels and adults with COPD in the United States. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1361922. [PMID: 39091285 PMCID: PMC11291460 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1361922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by increased inflammation, persistent lung function decline, and extensive lung injury. Klotho, a well-known antiaging protein, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the effects of klotho on COPD have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study examined the association among COPD adults and their α-klotho level. Patients and methods Data were collected from the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 676 participants were analyzed and divided into COPD (n = 403) and non-COPD (n = 273) groups. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis and a generalized additive model were used to estimate the association between COPD incidence and serum α-klotho concentration. All COPD participants were stratified according to the levels of α-klotho (Q1: <687 pg./mL; Q2: 687-900 pg./mL; Q3: ≥900 pg./mL), and clinical characteristics were compared. Results Non-COPD individuals had higher α-klotho levels than did COPD individuals (863.09 ± 267.13 vs. 817.51 ± 302.20, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Q2 and Q3 layers had a lower risk of COPD than did the Q1 layer, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.73 (0.50, 0.99) for Q2 and 0.58 (0.41, 0.86) for Q3 (p < 0.001). The generalized additive model showed that the risk of COPD gradually decreased with increasing α-klotho concentration when the α-klotho concentration < 1,500 pg./mL, while the risk of COPD increased as the α-klotho concentration increased to ≥1,500 pg./mL. Compared with individuals in the Q2 or Q3 groups, individuals with COPD in the Q1 group were more likely to be current smokers, have lower levels of erythrocytes, and have higher levels of creatinine and leukocytes. Conclusion Increased α-klotho levels were negatively correlated with the risk of COPD in participants over 40 years old with α-klotho <1,500 pg./mL. When α-klotho was ≥1,500 pg./mL, the risk of COPD increased as α-klotho levels increased. Pulmonary ventilation function and the number of hemocytes differed among COPD patients with different levels of α-klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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6
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Koziol-White C, Gebski E, Cao G, Panettieri RA. Precision cut lung slices: an integrated ex vivo model for studying lung physiology, pharmacology, disease pathogenesis and drug discovery. Respir Res 2024; 25:231. [PMID: 38824592 PMCID: PMC11144351 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) have emerged as a sophisticated and physiologically relevant ex vivo model for studying the intricacies of lung diseases, including fibrosis, injury, repair, and host defense mechanisms. This innovative methodology presents a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between traditional in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, offering researchers a more accurate representation of the intricate microenvironment of the lung. PCLS require the precise sectioning of lung tissue to maintain its structural and functional integrity. These thin slices serve as invaluable tools for various research endeavors, particularly in the realm of airway diseases. By providing a controlled microenvironment, precision-cut lung slices empower researchers to dissect and comprehend the multifaceted interactions and responses within lung tissue, thereby advancing our understanding of pulmonary pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric Gebski
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gaoyaun Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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7
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Colarusso C, Falanga A, Di Caprio S, Terlizzi M, Pinto A, Maiolino P, Sorrentino R. The activation of the AIM2 inflammasome after cigarette smoke exposure leads to an immunosuppressive lung microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111832. [PMID: 38460301 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is widely known as contributing to chronic inflammation underlying several airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. In our previous studies we found that the lung of both COPD and cancer patients were characterized by the presence and activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. Here, we wanted to investigate the upstream step during the establishment of chronic lung inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure. We took advantage of a mouse model of smoking exposure and public scRNAseq data. We found that AIM2 mRNA was expressed in both alveolar type II, B cells, T regulatory (Treg) and macrophages detected in the lung of non-smokers (n = 4) and smokers (n = 3). The activation of AIM2 in smoking mice by using PolydA:dT did not alter cigarette-smoke-induced alveoli enlargement and mucus production, rather it induced higher recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, such as non-active dendritic cells (DCs), Arginase I+ macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and Tregs. In addition, the inflammatory environment after AIM2 activation in smoking mice was characterized by higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, TNFα, LDH, IL-10 and TGFβ. This scenario was not altered after the pharmacological inhibition of both caspase-1 and STING pathway. In conclusion, these data suggest that chronic inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure is associated with AIM2 activation, which could lead towards cigarette smoke-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Colarusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 804084, Italy
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 804084, Italy; Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Simone Di Caprio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 804084, Italy; Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michela Terlizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 804084, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 804084, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, "Fondazione Pascale", National Institute of Cancer, 80131 Naples, Italy
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8
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Yuan Z, Lei W, Xing X, He X, Huang X, Wei L, Lv Y, Qiu S, Yuan Z, Wang J, Yang M. Genetic association between smoking and DLCO in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38570751 PMCID: PMC10993445 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that smoking is related to the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to determine the causal effect between these two variables. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and DLCO in IPF patients using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets from individuals of European descent were analysed. These datasets included published lifetime smoking index (LSI) data for 462,690 participants and DLCO data for 975 IPF patients. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was the main method used in our analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by MR‒Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, the leave-one-out test and the MR-PRESSO global test. RESULTS A genetically predicted increase in LSI was associated with a decrease in DLCO in IPF patients [ORIVW = 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.93; P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that smoking is associated with a decrease in DLCO. Patients diagnosed with IPF should adopt an active and healthy lifestyle, especially by quitting smoking, which may be effective at slowing the progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wanyang Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiqian Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650118, Kunming, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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9
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Hamed K, El-Fiky SA, M Gawish A, R H Mohamed H, Khalil WKB, Huang X, Hasan M, Zafar A, Caprioli G. Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42722-42731. [PMID: 38024695 PMCID: PMC10653053 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
During smoking, nicotine, the most bountiful compound in cigarettes, is absorbed into the body by the lungs and quickly metabolized in the liver, causing three major adverse impacts such as toxic, neoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects. Saponins extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit various biological actions, such as anticancer effects. So, the potential protective effect of fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin against toxicity induced by nicotine in male rats was investigated in this study. Animals were exposed to nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day) and/or treated with fenugreek saponin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) and nanofenugreek saponin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day). Comet assays, histopathological examination, and analyses for the expression levels of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) genes in liver tissues as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were conducted. The results revealed that nicotine treatment induced a significant increase in DNA damage, decrease in the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and increase in histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Moreover, nicotine treatment induced a significant reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes GPx and GST. On the other hand, administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin with nicotine significantly decreased the DNA damage, increased the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and decreased histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, a significant increase in the activities of GPx and GST was observed. The results suggested that DNA damage and histological injuries induced by nicotine were decreased by the administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin; thus, fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin can be used as ameliorative agents against nicotine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima
A. Hamed
- Department
of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous St, 12622 Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Saima A. El-Fiky
- Department
of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous St, 12622 Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza M Gawish
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K. B. Khalil
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xue Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Faculty
of Biological and Chemical Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 510225, P. R. China
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry
Interdisciplinary Project (CHip), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
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10
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Werder RB, Berthiaume KA, Merritt C, Gallagher M, Villacorta-Martin C, Wang F, Bawa P, Malik V, Lyons SM, Basil MC, Morrisey EE, Kotton DN, Zhou X, Cho MH, Wilson AA. The COPD GWAS gene ADGRG6 instructs function and injury response in human iPSC-derived type II alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1735-1749. [PMID: 37734371 PMCID: PMC10577075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) most commonly result from the effects of environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. Genome-wide association studies have implicated ADGRG6 in COPD and reduced lung function, and a limited number of studies have examined the role of ADGRG6 in cells representative of the airway. However, the ADGRG6 locus is also associated with DLCO/VA, an indicator of gas exchange efficiency and alveolar function. Here, we sought to evaluate the mechanistic contributions of ADGRG6 to homeostatic function and disease in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. We applied an inducible CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platform to explore ADGRG6 function in iPSC-derived AT2s (iAT2s). We demonstrate that ADGRG6 exerts pleiotropic effects on iAT2s including regulation of focal adhesions, cytoskeleton, tight junctions, and proliferation. Moreover, we find that ADGRG6 knockdown in cigarette smoke-exposed iAT2s alters cellular responses to injury, downregulating apical complexes in favor of proliferation. Our work functionally characterizes the COPD GWAS gene ADGRG6 in human alveolar epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon B Werder
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kayleigh A Berthiaume
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carly Merritt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marissa Gallagher
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vidhi Malik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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11
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Herbert J, Kelty JS, Laskin JD, Laskin DL, Gow AJ. Menthol flavoring in e-cigarette condensate causes pulmonary dysfunction and cytotoxicity in precision cut lung slices. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L345-L357. [PMID: 36692165 PMCID: PMC10026991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00222.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette consumption is under scrutiny by regulatory authorities due to concerns about product toxicity, lack of manufacturing standards, and increasing reports of e-cigarette- or vaping-associated acute lung injury. In vitro studies have demonstrated cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress induced by unflavored e-cigarette aerosols and flavoring additives. However, e-cigarette effects on the complex lung parenchyma remain unclear. Herein, the impact of e-cigarette condensates with or without menthol flavoring on functional, structural, and cellular responses was investigated using mouse precision cut lung slices (PCLS). PCLS were exposed to e-cigarette condensates prepared from aerosolized vehicle, nicotine, nicotine + menthol, and menthol e-fluids at doses from 50 to 500 mM. Doses were normalized to the glycerin content of vehicle. Video-microscopy of PCLS revealed impaired contractile responsiveness of airways to methacholine and dampened ciliary beating following exposure to menthol-containing condensates at concentrations greater than 300 mM. Following 500 mM menthol-containing condensate exposure, epithelial exfoliation in intrabronchial airways was identified in histological sections of PCLS. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondrial water-soluble-tetrazolium salt-1 conversion, and glutathione content supported earlier findings of nicotine or nicotine + menthol e-cigarette-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. Evaluation of PCLS metabolic activity revealed dose-related impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis after exposure to menthol-containing condensates. Taken together, these data demonstrate prominent menthol-induced pulmonary toxicity and impairment of essential physiological functions in the lung, which warrants concerns about e-cigarette consumer safety and emphasizes the need for further investigations of molecular mechanisms of toxicity and menthol effects in an experimental model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herbert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jacklyn S Kelty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
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12
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Agraval H, Crue T, Schaunaman N, Numata M, Day BJ, Chu HW. Electronic Cigarette Exposure Increases the Severity of Influenza a Virus Infection via TRAIL Dysregulation in Human Precision-Cut Lung Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054295. [PMID: 36901724 PMCID: PMC10002047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS), also known as electronic cigarettes (ECs), is common among adolescents and young adults with limited knowledge about the detrimental effects on lung health such as respiratory viral infections and underlying mechanisms. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protein of the TNF family involved in cell apoptosis, is upregulated in COPD patients and during influenza A virus (IAV) infections, but its role in viral infection during EC exposures remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of ECs on viral infection and TRAIL release in a human lung precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) model, and the role of TRAIL in regulating IAV infection. PCLS prepared from lungs of nonsmoker healthy human donors were exposed to EC juice (E-juice) and IAV for up to 3 days during which viral load, TRAIL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and TNF-α in the tissue and supernatants were determined. TRAIL neutralizing antibody and recombinant TRAIL were utilized to determine the contribution of TRAIL to viral infection during EC exposures. E-juice increased viral load, TRAIL, TNF-α release and cytotoxicity in IAV-infected PCLS. TRAIL neutralizing antibody increased tissue viral load but reduced viral release into supernatants. Conversely, recombinant TRAIL decreased tissue viral load but increased viral release into supernatants. Further, recombinant TRAIL enhanced the expression of interferon-β and interferon-λ induced by E-juice exposure in IAV-infected PCLS. Our results suggest that EC exposure in human distal lungs amplifies viral infection and TRAIL release, and that TRAIL may serve as a mechanism to regulate viral infection. Appropriate levels of TRAIL may be important to control IAV infection in EC users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Agraval
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Taylor Crue
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Niccolette Schaunaman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Brian J. Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-398-1689
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