Investigation of enzymes and solvents in the production process of 6-ammonium penicillanic acid (6-APA) in industry to reduce costs and improve production conditions

An innovative approach to studying the physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of propylene film using Allium sativum skin, AgNO3, and corn Zein encapsulation (AACE)

This study aims to develop an edible film using Allium sativum skin, AgNO3, and corn zein encapsulation (AACE) while employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to evaluate its physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. The film exhibited a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa, significantly higher than the control film's strength of 2.1 MPa. Water vapor permeability was measured at 18 g m-2 day, indicating a 30% reduction compared to films without encapsulation. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) recorded at 0.5 mg mL-1 for E. coli and 0.3 mg mL-1 for S. aureus. The findings suggest that the developed edible film inhibits bacterial growth and enhances the packaging of perishable foods, offering significant advantages over existing commercial films, such as extended shelf life and improved safety.

Synthesis of cubosomes containing cerium oxide nanoparticles from Lactobacillus acidophilus loaded with glatiramer acetate and carboxymethylcellulose coating

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-series) are used as catalysts in industrial applications due to their free radical scavenging properties. Given that free radicals play an essential role in the pathology of many neurological diseases, we investigated the use of nanocrystals as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative damage. This project synthesized nano-series from a new and environmentally friendly bio-pathway. Investigation of cerium nitrate in culture medium containing inoculated Lactobacillus acidophilus strain before incubation produces nano-series. Loaded with glatiramer acetate (GA) was formed by coating carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and CeO₂. FE-SEM analysis showed nano-series in the 9-11 nm range, spherical shape, and uniform particle size distribution. Cubic nanoparticles containing anti-multiple sclerosis (anti-Ms) treatment called GA were used. Glycerol monostearate (GMS) was used as a fat base, and evening primrose extract was used as an anti-inflammatory in cubosomes. Design-Expert® software was used to study the effects of different formulation factors on the properties of GA-loaded cubic dispersions. Thirty GA-labeled cubic dispersions were prepared with GA-labeled carboxymethylcellulose and evaluated in vitro. The results showed an average nano-series size of 89.02 and a zeta potential of -49.9. Cubosomes containing GA-CMC/CeO₂ showed a stable release profile for 180 min. The results showed that cubosomes containing GA-CMC/CeO₂ could be a promising drug carrier with normal release behavior.