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Qiu H, Chen Y, Fu J, Zhang C. Expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes during flower senescence and in response to ethephon and silver nitrate treatments in Osmanthus fragrans. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:399-408. [PMID: 38319456 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is an ornamental evergreen tree species in China, whose flowers are sensitive to ethylene. The synthesis of ethylene is controlled by key enzymes and restriction enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), which are encoded by multigene families. However, the key synthase responsible for ethylene regulation in O. fragrans is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to screen the key ethylene synthase genes of sweet osmanthus flowers in response to ethylene regulation. METHODS In this study, we used the ACO and ACS sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana to search for homologous genes in the O. fragrans petal transcriptome database. These genes were also analyzed bioinformatically. Finally, the expression levels of O. fragrans were compared before and after senescence, as well as after ethephon and silver nitrate treatments. RESULTS The results showed that there are five ACO genes and one ACS gene in O. fragrans transcriptome database, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that the proteins encoded by these genes had high homology to the ACS and ACO proteins in plants. Sequence alignment shows that the OfACO1-5 proteins have the 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase domain, while OfACS1 contains seven conserved domains, as well as conserved amino acids in transaminases and glutamate residues related to substrate specificity. Expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of OfACS1 and OfACO1-5 were significantly higher at the early senescence stage compared to the full flowering stage. The transcripts of the OfACS1, OfACO2, and OfACO5 genes were upregulated by treatment with ethephon. However, out of these three genes, only OfACO2 was significantly downregulated by treatment with AgNO3. CONCLUSION Our study found that OfACO2 is an important synthase gene in response to ethylene regulation in sweet osmanthus, which would provide valuable data for further investigation into the mechanisms of ethylene-induced senescence in sweet osmanthus flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Mendes LA, Domínguez J. Spent coffee grounds as a suitable alternative to standard soil in ecotoxicological tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16725-16734. [PMID: 38326678 PMCID: PMC10894160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Eisenia andrei is considered in OECD and ISO guidelines to be a suitable replacement for Eisenia fetida in ecotoxicological assays. This suggests that other alternative materials and methods could also be used in standard procedures for toxicity testing. The guidelines also favor using less time-consuming procedures and reducing costs and other limitations to ecotoxicological assessments. In recent years, spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been used to produce vermicompost and biochar and as an additive to organic fertilizers. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of SCG indicate that the material is a suitable substrate for earthworms, with the organisms performing as well as in natural soil. In the present study, a battery of ecotoxicological tests was established with unwashed and washed SCG and a natural reference soil (LUFA 2.2). The test substrates were spiked with different concentrations of silver nitrate. Survival and reproduction of the earthworm E. andrei were assessed under different conditions, along with substrate basal respiration (SBR) as a proxy for microbial activity. Seedling emergence and the germination index of Lepidium sativum were also determined, following standard guidelines. Exposure to silver nitrate had similar effects on earthworm survival and reproduction, as the estimated effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) in unwashed SCG and LUFA 2.2 overlapped. A hormetic effect was observed for SBR in LUFA 2.2 spiked with 12.8 mg/kg but not in unwashed SCG. Both SBR and root development were inhibited by similar concentrations of silver nitrate in washed SCG. The findings indicate that unwashed SCG could potentially be used as a substrate in E. andrei toxicity tests and support the eventual inclusion of this material in the standard guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís André Mendes
- GEA (Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- GEA (Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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3
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Cañizares E, Acién JM, Gumuş BÖ, Vives-Peris V, González-Guzmán M, Arbona V. Interplay between secondary metabolites and plant hormones in silver nitrate-elicited Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108483. [PMID: 38457948 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of specialized compounds in response to threats such as pathogens or pests and different abiotic factors. The stress-related induction of specialized metabolites can be mimicked using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an elicitor, which application in conservation agriculture has gained interest. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AgNO3 triggers the accumulation of indole glucosinolates (IGs) and the phytoalexin camalexin as well as pheylpropanoid-derived defensive metabolites such as coumaroylagmatins and scopoletin through a yet unknown mechanism. In this work, the role of jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling in the AgNO3-triggered specialized metabolite production was investigated. To attain this objective, AgNO3, MeJA and SA were applied to A. thaliana lines impaired in JA or SA signaling, or affected in the endogenous levels of IGs and AGs. Metabolomics data indicated that AgNO3 elicitation required an intact JA and SA signaling to elicit the metabolic response, although mutants impaired in hormone signaling retained certain capacity to induce specialized metabolites. In turn, plants overproducing or abolishing IGs production had also an altered hormonal signaling response, both in the accumulation of signaling molecules and the molecular response mechanisms (ORA59, PDF1.2, VSP2 and PR1 gene expression), which pointed out to a crosstalk between defense hormones and specialized metabolites. The present work provides evidence of a crosstalk mechanism between JA and SA underlying AgNO3 defense metabolite elicitation in A. thaliana. In this mechanism, IGs would act as retrograde feedback signals dampening the hormonal response; hence, expanding the signaling molecule concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cañizares
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Acién
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Berivan Özlem Gumuş
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
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Shahraki SH, Ahmadi T, Jamali B, Rahimi M. The biochemical and growth-associated traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by silver nanoparticles and silver. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38321391 PMCID: PMC10845776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biochemical and growth changes resulting from exposure of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seedlings to silver nanoparticles and silver were investigated. Over a two-week period, seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 40, and 80 ppm) of silver nanoparticles and silver. RESULTS Our findings revealed that at concentrations of 40 and 80 ppm, both silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate led to decreased weight, root and shoot length, as well as chlorophyll a and b content. Conversely, these treatments triggered an increase in key biochemical properties, such as total phenols, carotenoids and anthocyanins, with silver nanoparticles showing a more pronounced effect compared to silver nitrate. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rose proportionally with treatment concentration, with the nanoparticle treatment exhibiting a more substantial increase. Silver content showed a significant upswing in both roots and leaves as treatment concentrations increased. CONCLUSIONS Application of varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on basil plants resulted in reduced growth and lower chlorophyll content, while simultaneously boosting the production of antioxidant compounds. Notably, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and total phenol increased significantly. However, despite this increase in antioxidant activity, the plant remained unable to fully mitigate the oxidative stress induced by silver and silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Hashemi Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Babak Jamali
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Singer L, Karacic S, Szekat C, Bierbaum G, Bourauel C. Biological properties of experimental dental alginate modified for self-disinfection using green nanotechnology. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6677-6688. [PMID: 37775587 PMCID: PMC10630233 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disinfection of alginate impression materials is a mandatory step to prevent cross-infection in dental clinics. However, alginate disinfection methods are time-consuming and exert a negative impact on accuracy and mechanical properties. Thus, this study aimed to prepare disinfecting agents (CHX and AgNO3) and silver nanoparticles reduced by a natural plant extract to produce a self-disinfecting dental alginate. METHODS Conventional alginate impression material was used in this study. Silver nitrate (0.2% AgNO3 group) and chlorohexidine (0.2% CHX group) solutions were prepared using distilled water, and these solutions were later employed for alginate preparation. Moreover, a 90% aqueous plant extract was prepared from Boswellia sacra (BS) oleoresin and used to reduce silver nitrate to form silver nanoparticles that were incorporated in the dental alginate preparation (BS+AgNPs group). The plant extract was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis while green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An agar disc diffusion assay was used to test the antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains, and Micrococcus luteus. Agar plates were incubated at 37 ± 1 °C for 24 h to allow microbial growth. Diameters of the circular inhibition zones formed around each specimen were measured digitally by using ImageJ software. RESULTS Chemical analysis of the plant extract revealed the presence of 41 volatile and semi-volatile active compounds. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles using the BS extract. CHX, AgNO3, and the BS+AgNPs modified groups showed significantly larger inhibition zones than the control group against all tested strains. BS+AgNPs and CHX groups showed comparable efficacy against all tested strains except for Staphylococcus aureus, where the CHX-modified alginate had a significantly higher effect. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CHX, silver nitrate, and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles could be promising inexpensive potential candidates for the preparation of a self-disinfecting alginate impression material without affecting its performance. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using Boswellia sacra extract could be a very safe, efficient, and nontoxic way with the additional advantage of a synergistic action between metal ions and the phytotherapeutic agents of the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Singer
- Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sabina Karacic
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christiane Szekat
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Shabir A, Sarwar ZM, Ali H. Eco-friendly approaches of zinc oxide and silver nitrate nanoparticles along with plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231219171. [PMID: 38113117 PMCID: PMC10734334 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231219171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) is a widespread pest that inflicts severe damage on various crops, including cotton, tobacco, and vegetables, with a particular preference for solanaceous plants. Traditional control methods often rely heavily on synthetic insecticides, leading to adverse effects on the environment, human health, and the development of insecticide resistance. In light of these challenges, this study explores the potential of nanotechnology as an innovative and sustainable approach to combat this notorious pest. Bioassays were conducted using laboratory-reared 3rd instar S. litura larvae. Eight different plant extracts coated with zinc oxide and silver nitrate nanoparticles were tested, with concentrations in both distilled water and ethanol at 3, 5, and 7 ml. Data were collected at 24, 48, and 72-h intervals. The results revealed that the highest larval mortality, reaching 98%, was observed in the group treated with silver nitrate nanoparticles derived from Cymbopogon citratus. In comparison, the group treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles dissolved in ethanol exhibited a larval mortality rate of 90%. Ethanol is a polar solvent that is widely used in the synthesis of nanocomposites. It is capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms, making it a good dispersant for zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, ethanol has a low boiling point and a non-toxic nature, which makes it a safe and effective option for the dispersion of nanoparticles. Notably, the study concluded that silver nanoparticles combined with ethanol exhibited prolonged and more potent toxic effects against S. litura when compared to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Overall, this research underscores the potential of nanotechnology as a valuable component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. By integrating nanotechnology into pest management practices, we can promote sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches that benefit both farmers and the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shabir
- Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Pormohammad A, Firrincieli A, Salazar-Alemán DA, Mohammadi M, Hansen D, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Zarei M, Turner RJ. Insights into the Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nitrate with Potassium Tellurite against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0062823. [PMID: 37409940 PMCID: PMC10433965 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00628-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant, ever-increasing antibiotic resistance crisis leads to the announcement of "urgent, novel antibiotics needed" by the World Health Organization. Our previous works showed a promising synergistic antibacterial activity of silver nitrate with potassium tellurite out of thousands of other metal/metalloid-based antibacterial combinations. The silver-tellurite combined treatment not only is more effective than common antibiotics but also prevents bacterial recovery, decreases the risk of future resistance chance, and decreases the effective concentrations. We demonstrate that the silver-tellurite combination is effective against clinical isolates. Further, this study was conducted to address knowledge gaps in the available data on the antibacterial mechanism of both silver and tellurite, as well as to give insight into how the mixture provides synergism as a combination. Here, we defined the differentially expressed gene profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under silver, tellurite, and silver-tellurite combination stress using an RNA sequencing approach to examine the global transcriptional changes in the challenged cultures grown in simulated wound fluid. The study was complemented with metabolomics and biochemistry assays. Both metal ions mainly affected four cellular processes, including sulfur homeostasis, reactive oxygen species response, energy pathways, and the bacterial cell membrane (for silver). Using a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model we showed silver-tellurite has reduced toxicity over individual metal/metalloid salts and provides increased antioxidant properties to the host. This work demonstrates that the addition of tellurite would improve the efficacy of silver in biomedical applications. IMPORTANCE Metals and/or metalloids could represent antimicrobial alternatives for industrial and clinical applications (e.g., surface coatings, livestock, and topical infection control) because of their great properties, such as good stability and long half-life. Silver is the most common antimicrobial metal, but resistance prevalence is high, and it can be toxic to the host above a certain concentration. We found that a silver-tellurite composition has antibacterial synergistic effect and that the combination is beneficial to the host. So, the efficacy and application of silver could increase by adding tellurite in the recommended concentration(s). We used different methods to evaluate the mechanism for how this combination can be so incredibly synergistic, leading to efficacy against antibiotic- and silver-resistant isolates. Our two main findings are that (i) both silver and tellurite mostly target the same pathways and (ii) the coapplication of silver with tellurite tends not to target new pathways but targets the same pathways with an amplified change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- CCrest Laboratories, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniel A. Salazar-Alemán
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fiore C, Lekhan A, Bordignon S, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R, Grepioni F, Turner RJ, Braga D. Mechanochemical Preparation, Solid-State Characterization, and Antimicrobial Performance of Copper and Silver Nitrate Coordination Polymers with L- and DL-Arginine and Histidine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065180. [PMID: 36982258 PMCID: PMC10049651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of the novel coordination polymers obtained by co-crystallizing the amino acids arginine or histidine, as both enantiopure L and racemic DL forms, with the salts Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3 has been investigated to explore the effect of chirality in the cases of enantiopure and racemic forms. The compounds [Cu·AA·(NO3)2]CPs and [Ag·AA·NO3]CPs (AA = L-Arg, DL-Arg, L-His, DL-His) were prepared by mechanochemical, slurry, and solution methods and characterized by X-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction in the cases of the copper coordination polymers, and by powder diffraction and by solid-state NMR spectroscopy in the cases of the silver compounds. The two pairs of coordination polymers, [Cu·L-Arg·(NO3)2·H2O]CP and [Cu·DL-Arg·(NO3)2·H2O]CP, and [Cu·L-Hys·(NO3)2·H2O]CP and [Cu·DL-His·(NO3)2·H2O]CP, have been shown to be isostructural in spite of the different chirality of the amino acid ligands. A similar structural analogy could be established for the silver complexes on the basis of SSNMR. The activity against the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by carrying out disk diffusion assays on lysogeny agar media showing that, while there is no significant effect arising from the use of enantiopure or chiral amino acids, the coordination polymers exert an appreciable antimicrobial activity comparable, when not superior, to that of the metal salts alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fiore
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrii Lekhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.J.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Dario Braga
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.J.T.); (D.B.)
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Capper-Parkin KL, Nichol T, Smith TJ, Lacey MM, Forbes S. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic synergism of biocides and quorum-sensing inhibitors against uropathogenic Escherichiacoli. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:138-146. [PMID: 36801429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are a primary cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), often forming mature recalcitrant biofilms on the catheter surface. Anti-infective catheter coatings containing single biocides have been developed but display limited antimicrobial activity due to the selection of biocide-resistant bacterial populations. Furthermore, biocides often display cytotoxicity at concentrations required to eradicate biofilms, limiting their antiseptic potential. Quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) provide a novel anti-infective approach to disrupt biofilm formation on the catheter surface and help prevent CAUTIs. AIM To evaluate the combinatorial impact of biocides and QSIs at bacteriostatic, bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations in parallel to assessing cytotoxicity in a bladder smooth muscle (BSM) cell line. METHODS Checkerboard assays were performed to determine fractional inhibitory, bactericidal, and biofilm eradication concentrations of test combinations in UPEC and combined cytotoxic effects in BSM cells. FINDINGS Synergistic antimicrobial activity was observed between polyhexamethylene biguanide, benzalkonium chloride or silver nitrate in combination with either cinnamaldehyde or furanone-C30 against UPEC biofilms. However, furanone-C30 was cytotoxic at concentrations below those required even for bacteriostatic activity. A dose-dependent cytotoxicity profile was observed for cinnamaldehyde when in combination with BAC, PHMB or silver nitrate. Both PHMB and silver nitrate displayed combined bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity below the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). Triclosan in combination with both QSIs displayed antagonistic activity in both UPEC and BSM cells. CONCLUSION PHMB and silver in combination with cinnamaldehyde display synergistic antimicrobial activity in UPEC at non-cytotoxic concentrations, suggesting potential as anti-infective catheter-coating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Capper-Parkin
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Nichol
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - T J Smith
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - M M Lacey
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Forbes
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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10
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Song K, Zhao D, Sun H, Gao J, Li S, Hu T, He X. Green nanopriming: responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings to alfalfa extracts capped and light-induced silver nanoparticles. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:323. [PMID: 35790925 PMCID: PMC9254587 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in agriculture can remarkably improve the cultivation and growth of crop plants. Many studies showed that nanoparticles (NPs) made plants grow more vigorously. Light can make NPs aggregated, leading to the reduction of the NPs toxicity. In addition, treatment with NPs had a "hormesis effect" on plants. In this study, light-induced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) extracts, and then the optimal synthetic condition was determined. Light-induced AgNPs were aggregated, spherical and pink, and they were coated with esters, phenols, acids, terpenes, amino acids and sugars, which were the compositions of alfalfa extracts. The concentration of free Ag+ was less than 2 % of the AgNPs concentration. Through nanopriming, Ag+ got into the seedlings and caused the impact of AgNPs on alfalfa. Compared with the control group, low concentration of light-induced AgNPs had a positive effect on the photosynthesis. It was also harmless to the leaf cells, and there was no elongation effect on shoots. Although high concentration of AgNPs was especially beneficial to root elongation, it had a slight toxic effect on seedlings due to the accumulation of silver. With the increase of AgNPs concentration, the content of silver in the seedlings increased and the silver enriched in plants was at the mg/kg level. Just as available research reported the toxicity of NPs can be reduced by using suitable synthesis and application methods, the present light induction, active material encapsulation and nanopriming minimized the toxicity of AgNPs to plants, enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiao Song
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Donghao Zhao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinzhu Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xueqing He
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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11
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Dziendzikowska K, Wilczak J, Grodzicki W, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Węsierska M, Kruszewski M. Coating-Dependent Neurotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles—An In Vivo Study on Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Neurosteroids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031365. [PMID: 35163290 PMCID: PMC8835951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials. The level of exposure to nanosilver is constantly raising, and a growing body of research highlights that it is harmful to the health, especially the nervous system, of humans. The potential pathways through which nanosilver affects neurons include the release of silver ions and the associated induction of oxidative stress. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of nanosilver, in this study we exposed male Wistar rats to 0.5 mg/kg body weight of AgNPs coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), or citrate, or to AgNO3 as a source of silver ions for 28 days and assessed the expression of antioxidant defense markers in the hippocampus of the exposed animals after 1 week of spatial memory training. We also evaluated the influence of AgNPs coating on neurosteroidogenesis in the rat hippocampus. The results showed that AgNPs disrupted the antioxidant system in the hippocampus and induced oxidative stress in a coating-dependent manner, which could potentially be responsible for neurodegeneration and cognitive disorders. The analysis of the influence of AgNPs on neurosteroids also indicated coating-dependent modulation of steroid levels with a significant decrease in the concentrations of progesterone and 17α-progesterone in AgNPs(BSA), AgNPs(PEG), and Ag+ groups. Furthermore, exposure to AgNPs or Ag+ resulted in the downregulation of selected genes involved in antioxidant defense (Cat), neurosteroid synthesis (Star, Hsd3b3, Hsd17b1, and Hsd17b10), and steroid metabolism (Ar, Er1, and Er2). In conclusion, depending on the coating material used for their stabilization, AgNPs induced oxidative stress and modulated the concentrations of steroids as well as the expression of genes involved in steroid synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (J.G.-O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Grodzicki
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Małgorzata Węsierska
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Rajeshkumar S, Aboelfetoh EF, Balusamy SR, Ali D, Almarzoug MHA, Tesfaye JL, Krishnaraj R. Anticancer, Enhanced Antibacterial, and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Fucoidan- ( Fucus vesiculosus Source) Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:8511576. [PMID: 34707782 PMCID: PMC8545592 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8511576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present research displays the green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The aqueous solution of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus source (brown marine algae) is used as a reducing and capping agent. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and TEM with selected area electron diffraction are used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs exhibit a surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm after 24 h. The characterization results showed that AgNPs are crystalline in nature and exhibit mostly spherical shapes with an average diameter of 4-45 nm. Silver nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity against representative pathogens of bacteria. The activities of commercial antibiotics were enhanced by impregnation with the synthesized AgNPs. It also shows good fungicidal and anticancer activity against liver and lung cell lines and shows significant antioxidant efficacy (84%) at 10 μg/ml AgNP concentration against DPPH. The utilization of environmentally synthesized AgNPs offers numerous benefits of ecofriendliness and compatibility for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajeshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Chennai, 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eman F. Aboelfetoh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. A. Almarzoug
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jule Leta Tesfaye
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia
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13
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Singhal M, Chatterjee S, Kumar A, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Gupta N, Nimesh S. Exploring the Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Punica granatum Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:5762. [PMID: 34641304 PMCID: PMC8510064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research work illustrates an economical and rapid approach towards the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous Punica granatum leaves extract (PGL-AgNPs). The optimization of major parameters involved in the biosynthesis process was done using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The effects of different independent variables (parameters), namely concentration of AgNO3, temperature and ratio of extract to AgNO3, on response viz. particle size and polydispersity index were analyzed. As a result of experiment designing, 17 reactions were generated, which were further validated experimentally. The statistical and mathematical approaches were employed on these reactions in order to interpret the relationship between the factors and responses. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were initially characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry followed by physicochemical analysis for determination of particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential via dynamic light scattering (DLS), SEM and EDX studies. Moreover, the determination of the functional group present in the leaves extract and PGL-AgNPs was done by FTIR. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies of PGL-AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were further determined. The physicochemical studies suggested that PGL-AgNPs were round in shape and of ~37.5 nm in size with uniform distribution. Our studies suggested that PGL-AgNPs exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur 302020, India; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sreemoyee Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur 302020, India; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5814, USA;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur 302020, India; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
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14
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Domenech J, Cortés C, Vela L, Marcos R, Hernández A. Polystyrene Nanoplastics as Carriers of Metals. Interactions of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate, and Their Effects on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060859. [PMID: 34207836 PMCID: PMC8227673 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental plastic wastes are continuously degraded to their micro and nanoforms. Since in the environment they coexist with other pollutants, it has been suggested that they could act as vectors transporting different toxic trace elements, such as metals. To confirm this, we have assessed the potential interactions between nanopolystyrene, as a model of nanoplastic debris, and silver compounds (silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate), as models of metal contaminant. Using TEM-EDX methodological approaches, we have been able to demonstrate metal sorption by nanopolystyrene. Furthermore, using Caco-2 cells and confocal microscopy, we have observed the co-localization of nanopolystyrene/nanosilver in different cellular compartments, including the cell nucleus. Although the internalization of these complexes showed no exacerbated cytotoxic effects, compared to the effects of each compound alone, the silver/nanopolystyrene complexes modulate the cell’s uptake of silver and slightly modify some harmful cellular effects of silver, such as the ability to induce genotoxic and oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Domenech
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Constanza Cortés
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
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15
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Parveen R, Maiti PK, Murmu N, Datta A. Preparation of serum capped silver nanoparticles for selective killing of microbial cells sparing host cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11610. [PMID: 34078983 PMCID: PMC8172638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following access into the cell, colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibit generalized cytotoxic properties, thus appear as omnipotent microbicidal, but not suitable for systemic use unless are free of toxic effects on host cells. The AgNP-Serum-18 when prepared from silver nitrate, using dextrose as reducing and group-matched homologous serum as a stabilizing agent, selective endocytosis, and oxidative stress-dependent bio-functional damages to the host are mostly eliminated. For their bio-mimicking outer coat, there is the least possibility of internalization into host cells or liberation of excess oxidants in circulation following interaction with erythrocytes or vascular endothelial cells. The presence of infection-specific antibodies in the serum can make such nano-conjugates more selective. A potent antimicrobial action and a wide margin of safety for mammalian cells in comparison with very similar PVA-capped silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated by the in-vitro challenge of such nanoparticles on different microbes, human liver cell-line, and in-vivo study on mice model. This may open up wide-range therapeutic prospects of colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Parveen
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, 700020, India.
| | - Prasanta Kumar Maiti
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, 700020, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Calcutta, 700026, India
| | - Alokmay Datta
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Calcutta, 700 032, India
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16
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Tang J, Liu X, Ge Y, Wang F. Silver Nanoparticle-Anchored Human Hair Kerateine/PEO/PVA Nanofibers for Antibacterial Application and Cell Proliferation. Molecules 2021; 26:2783. [PMID: 34066875 PMCID: PMC8125921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main core of wound treatment is cell growth and anti-infection. To accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts in the wound and prevent wound infections, various strategies have been tried. It remains a challenge to obtain good cell proliferation and antibacterial effects. Here, human hair kerateine (HHK)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were prepared using cysteine-rich HHK, and then, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in situ anchored in the sulfur-containing amino acid residues of HHK. After the ultrasonic degradation test, HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibrous mats treated with 0.005-M silver nitrate were selected due to their relatively complete structures. It was observed by TEM-EDS that the sulfur-containing amino acids in HHK were the main anchor points of AgNPs. The results of FTIR, XRD and the thermal analysis suggested that the hydrogen bonds between PEO and PVA were broken by HHK and, further, by AgNPs. AgNPs could act as a catalyst to promote the thermal degradation reaction of PVA, PEO and HHK, which was beneficial for silver recycling and medical waste treatment. The antibacterial properties of AgNP-HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibers were examined by the disk diffusion method, and it was observed that they had potential antibacterial capability against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition, HHK in the nanofibrous mats significantly improved the cell proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. These results illustrated that the AgNP-HHK/PEO/PVA nanofibrous mats exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and the ability to promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, reaching our target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Tang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.T.); (X.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.T.); (X.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yan Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Fine Arts and Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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17
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Lencova S, Svarcova V, Stiborova H, Demnerova K, Jencova V, Hozdova K, Zdenkova K. Bacterial Biofilms on Polyamide Nanofibers: Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation and Evaluation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2277-2288. [PMID: 33284019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun polyamide (PA) nanofibers have great potential for medical applications (in dermatology as antimicrobial compound carriers or surgical sutures). However, little is known about microbial colonization on these materials. Suitable methods need to be chosen and optimized for the analysis of biofilms formed on nanofibers and the influence of their morphology on biofilm formation. We analyzed 11 PA nanomaterials, both nonfunctionalized and functionalized with AgNO3, and tested the formation of a biofilm by clinically relevant bacteria (Escherichia coli CCM 4517, Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953, and Staphylococcus epidermidis CCM 4418). By four different methods, it was confirmed that all of these bacteria attached to the PAs and formed biofilms; however, it was found that the selected method can influence the outcomes. For studying biofilms formed by the selected bacteria, scanning electron microscopy, resazurin staining, and colony-forming unit enumeration provided appropriate and comparable results. The values obtained by crystal violet (CV) staining were misleading due to the binding of the CV dye to the PA structure. In addition, the effect of nanofiber morphology parameters (fiber diameter and air permeability) and AgNO3 functionalization significantly influenced biofilm maturation. Furthermore, the correlations between air permeability and surface density and fiber diameter were revealed. Based on the statistical analysis, fiber diameter was confirmed as a crucial factor influencing biofilm formation (p ≤ 0.01). The functionalization of PAs with AgNO3 (from 0.1 wt %) effectively suppressed biofilm formation. The PA functionalized with a concentration of 0.1 wt % AgNO3 influenced the biofilm equally as nonfunctionalized PA 8% 2 g/m2. Therefore, biofilm formation could be affected by the above-mentioned morphology parameters, and ultimately, the risk of infections from contaminated medical devices could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lencova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Viviana Svarcova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stiborova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Jencova
- Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamila Zdenkova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
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Al-Khayri JM, Naik PM. Elicitor-Induced Production of Biomass and Pharmaceutical Phenolic Compounds in Cell Suspension Culture of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.). Molecules 2020; 25:E4669. [PMID: 33066253 PMCID: PMC7587379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants that synthesize bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant value and elicitation offer a reliable in vitro technique to produce important nutraceutical compounds. The objective of this study is to promote the biosynthesis of these phenolic compounds on a large scale using elicitors in date palm cell suspension culture. Elicitors such as pectin, yeast extract (YE), salicylic acid (SA), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 50, 100, and 200 mg/L concentrations are used. The effects of elicitors on cell culture were determined in terms of biomass [packed cell volume (PCV), fresh and dry weight], antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds (catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, apigenin) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results revealed that enhanced PCV (12.3%), total phenolic content [317.9 ± 28.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of dry weight (DW)], and radical scavenging activity (86.0 ± 4.5%) were obtained in the 50 mg/L SA treated cell culture of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The accumulation of optimum catechin (26.6 ± 1.3 µg/g DW), caffeic acid (31.4 ± 3.8 µg/g DW), and kaempferol (13.6 ± 1.6 µg/g DW) was found in the 50 mg/L SA-treated culture when compared to the control. These outcomes could be of great importance in the nutraceutical and agronomic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poornananda Madhava Naik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
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Shahbandeh M, Taati Moghadam M, Mirnejad R, Mirkalantari S, Mirzaei M. The Efficacy of AgNO3 Nanoparticles Alone and Conjugated with Imipenem for Combating Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6905-6916. [PMID: 33061358 PMCID: PMC7518771 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) causes a range of infections with high mortality rate, which inflicts additional costs on treatment. The use of nano-biotechnology-based methods in medicine has opened a new perspective against drug-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the AgNO3 nanoparticles alone and conjugated with imipenem (IMI) to combat extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out using disc diffusion method. Detection of different resistant genes was performed using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The chemically synthesized AgNO3 particles were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was accomplished to confirm the binding of AgNO3 with IMI. The microdilution broth method was used to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNO3 and IMI-conjugated AgNO3. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out on L929 cell line to study the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The data were analyzed by Eta correlation ratio and chi-square (X 2) test. RESULTS Analysis of the antibiotic resistance pattern showed that 12 (24%) isolates were XDR, and MIC values of IMI were between 64 and 128 μg/mL. Frequency of SHV, TEM, CTX M, IMP, VIM, OPR, SIM, SPM, GIM, NDM, VEB, PER, KPC, OXA, intI, intII, and intIII genes were 29 (58%), 26 (52%), 26 (52%), 32 (64%), 23 (46%), 43 (86%), 3 (6%), 6 (12%), 3 (6%), 4 (8%), 7 (14%), 6 (12%), 18 (36%), 4 (8%), 19 (38%), 16 (32%), and 2 (4%), respectively. The XRD, SEM, DLS, and FTIR analysis confirmed the synthesis of AgNO3 nanoparticles and their conjugation with IMI. The AgNO3 nanoparticles had antimicrobial activity, and their conjugation with IMI showed enhanced effectiveness against XDR isolates. The synthesized AgNO3 showed no cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION The results suggest that IMI-conjugated AgNO3 has a strong potency as a powerful antibacterial agent against XDR P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shahbandeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, System Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Xu C, Zheng Z, Lin M, Shen Q, Wang X, Lin B, Fu L. Strengthened, Antibacterial, and Conductive Flexible Film for Humidity and Strain Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:35482-35492. [PMID: 32686931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of artificial intelligence, people are not satisfied with the traditional conductive materials and tend to focus on stretchable and flexible electronic systems. Flexible conductive rubbers have great potential applications in wearable strain sensors. However, the rapid propagation of bacteria during the use of wearable sensors may be an ineluctable threat to humans' health. Herein, a conductive rubber film is fabricated based on carboxylic styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR), citric acid (CA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) via a convenient approach, where Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are in situ reduced without sintering at elevated temperatures. The resultant films exhibit many desirable and impressive features, such as strengthened mechanical properties, flexibility, and conductivity. More importantly, the Ag NP flexible conductive films exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), which have potential applications as flexible antibacterial materials to monitor movements of the human body in real time. Also, because of the hygroscopicity of CA, the resistance of our conductive film is sensitive to various humidities, which can be applied in the humidity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhongjie Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengzhuan Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baofeng Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lihua Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
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Rajput S, Kumar D, Agrawal V. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Indian Belladonna extract and their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and larvicidal activities. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:921-939. [PMID: 32300886 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atropa acuminata aqueous leaf extract biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant, anticancerous (HeLa cells) and anti-inflammatory activities. Besides, this bio syn-AgNP also proved effective against mosquito vectors causing malaria, dengue and filariasis. Present study highlights eco-friendly and sustainable approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using aqueous leaf extract of A. acuminata, a critically endangered medicinal herb. The addition of 1 mM silver nitrate to aqueous leaf extract resulted in the synthesis of AgNP when solution was heated at 60 °C for 30 min at pH 7. Absorption band at 428 nm, as shown by UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of AgNP. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of AgNP and TEM analysis showed that most of the nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Zeta potential of AgNP was found to be - 33.5 mV which confirmed their high stability. FT-IR investigations confirmed the presence of different functional groups involved in the reduction and capping of AgNP. The synthesized AgNP showed effective DPPH (IC50-16.08 µg/mL), H2O2 (IC50-25.40 µg/mL), and superoxide (IC50-21.12 µg/mL) radical scavenging activities. These plant-AgNP showed significant inhibition of albumin denaturation (IC50-12.98 µg/mL) and antiproteinase activity (IC50-18.401 µg/mL). Besides, biosynthesized AgNP were found to have strong inhibitory effect against a cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line (IC50-5.418 µg/mL) as well as larvicidal activity against 3rd instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (LC50-18.9 ppm, LC90-40.18 ppm), Aedes aegypti (LC50-12.395 ppm, LC90-36.34 ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50-17.76 ppm, LC90-30.82 ppm) and were found to be non-toxic against normal cell line (HEK 293), and a non-target organism (Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides). This is the first report on the synthesis of AgNP using aqueous leaf extract of A. acuminata, validating their strong therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Rajput
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, 110077, Delhi, India
| | - Veena Agrawal
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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22
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Lucío MI, Kyriazi ME, Hamilton J, Batista D, Sheppard A, Sams-Dodd E, Humbert MV, Hussain I, Christodoulides M, Kanaras AG. Bactericidal Effect of 5-Mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoclusters against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:27994-28003. [PMID: 32530591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is among the most multidrug-resistant bacteria in circulation today, and new treatments are urgently needed. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid-coated silver nanoclusters (MNBA-AgNCs) to kill strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Using an in vitro bactericidal assay, MNBA-AgNCs had been found to show significantly higher anti-gonococcal bioactivity than the antibiotics ceftriaxone and azithromycin and silver nitrate. These nanoclusters were effective against both planktonic bacteria and a gonococcal infection of human cell cultures in vitro. Treatment of human cells in vitro with MNBA-AgNCs did not induce significant release of lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting minimal cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells. Our results suggest that MNBA-AgNCs hold great potential for topical treatment of localized gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Lucío
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Maria-Eleni Kyriazi
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Joshua Hamilton
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Diego Batista
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Alexander Sheppard
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Sams-Dodd
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Maria Victoria Humbert
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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Anser H, Ikram R, Khatoon H, Naeem S, Khan SS, Nazim U, Imam S, Shafiq Y, Ishaque S. Comparison of the antidepressant like activity of homeopathic remedies (Argentum nitricum, Staphysagria and Ignatia amara) and their effect on the behavior of rodents. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:937-945. [PMID: 33191216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the world population suffers from mental and behavioral disorder. It is the need of the time to find an alternate of presently available medicines in order to decrease the medical expense. Homeopathic remedies are available and prescribed by homeopaths for treatment of anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, no data are available that proves its potential to relieve mental illness. The current study is designed to assess neuro behavioral and antidepressant like effects of homeopathic remedies Staphysagria, Argentum nitricum and Ignatia amara in comparison with standard drug (escitalopram). Different neuro behavioral activities were analyzed. The animals were administered the doses of all homeopathic remedied (60 µl to the rats) and escitalopram (0.042 mg to rats) through the oral route. The activities were observed on day 30th and day 60th. Our result suggests that the swimming time in Staphysagria treated group were significantly improved (p<0.001) after day 60th and significance rise was observed (p<0.01) in Ignatia amara treated animals, whereas significant decline (p<0.05) in struggling time was observed in Argentum nitricum administered animals after the 60th day as compared to 30th day. The central square crossings were improved highly significantly (p<0.001) after the 30th day dosing, by all three remedies and peripheral squares crossing were found highly significantly increased (p<0.001) after chronic dosing in Staphysagria and Ignatia amara treated groups. It is concluded from the results that all three homeopathic remedies produce comparable effects like standard drug while among all three remedies Staphysagria possess a potent antidepressant activity. To the best of our knowledge the current study reports first time the anti-depressant potential of homeopathic remedies in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Anser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Ikram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humera Khatoon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Saeed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Nazim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
| | - Shahlla Imam
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Shafiq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Ishaque
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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El-Bahr MK, El-Ashry AAEL, Gabr AMM. Impact of Antioxidants on <i>in vitro </i>Rooting and Acclimatization of Two Egyptian Dry Date Palm Cultivars. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:435-443. [PMID: 31930874 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.435.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is propagated vegetatively via offshoots, which is limited by either the offshoots numbers produced from a superior selected plant, or the occurrence of these offshoots only during the juvenile phase of the date palm life cycle. As a result, the in vitro propagation could be considered an alternative technique for large scale propagation of date palm. Obtaining well-developed root system is considered the most important step in establishment of reliable protocol for successful production of date palm and subsequently successful acclimatization of the in vitro derived plants. The aim of this study is to obtain a well-developed root system through using different antioxidants, with detecting the similarity between the in vitro derived plants and the mother plants using RAPD, long RAPD and ISSR techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individual plantlets obtained from maturation of somatic embryos in vitro of about 5-7 cm in length with 2-3 leaves were used as plant material. Plantlets were cultured on half strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 thiamine-HCl+2.0 mg L-1 glycine+0.1 mg L-1 biotin+40 g L-1 sucrose+ 0.1mg L-1 NAA with different concentrations from either AgNO3 or citric or ascorbic acids (0.0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg L-1). Growth development, root number and root length (cm) were evaluated at the end of the second subculture (12 weeks). Data were reported as Mean±Standard deviation (SD). Data were subjected to one way-analysis of variance (p<0.05). Results were processed by Excel (2010). RESULTS Among the different antioxidants with different concentrations used, generally it was found that 2 mg L-1 of each agent gave the highest values of growth development, roots number and roots length. However, using 2 mg L-1 AgNO3 gave the best results with all parameters. Regarding the response of date palm cultivar, it was remarkable that Bartamoda showed relatively better results than Sakkoty cultivar. According to PCR reactions, the results of RAPD, long RAPD and ISSR profile of tissue culture-derived plantlets grown on a medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 AgNO3 obviously revealed high similarity to mother plants. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that using 2 mg L-1 AgNO3 gave the best results for growth development, root numbers and length of the two cultivars but Bartamoda showed relatively better results than Sakkoty cultivar. The tissue culture-derived plantlets on this medium (2 mg L-1 AgNO3) revealed high similarity to mother plant as a result to RAPD, long RAPD and ISSR profiles.
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Steketee CJ, Sinclair TR, Riar MK, Schapaugh WT, Li Z. Unraveling the genetic architecture for carbon and nitrogen related traits and leaf hydraulic conductance in soybean using genome-wide association analyses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:811. [PMID: 31694528 PMCID: PMC6836393 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is a major limiting factor of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production around the world. Soybean plants can ameliorate this stress with improved water-saving, sustained N2 fixation during water deficits, and/or limited leaf hydraulic conductance. In this study, carbon isotope composition (δ13C), which can relate to variation in water-saving capability, was measured. Additionally, nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) and nitrogen concentration that relate to nitrogen fixation were evaluated. Decrease in transpiration rate (DTR) of de-rooted soybean shoots in a silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution compared to deionized water under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions was used as a surrogate measurement for limited leaf hydraulic conductance. A panel of over 200 genetically diverse soybean accessions genotyped with the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChips was evaluated for the carbon and nitrogen related traits in two field environments (Athens, GA in 2015 and 2016) and for transpiration response to AgNO3 in a growth chamber. A multiple loci linear mixed model was implemented in FarmCPU to perform genome-wide association analyses for these traits. RESULTS Thirty two, 23, 26, and nine loci for δ13C, δ15N, nitrogen concentration, and transpiration response to AgNO3, respectively, were significantly associated with these traits. Candidate genes that relate to drought stress tolerance enhancement or response were identified near certain loci that could be targets for improving and understanding these traits. Soybean accessions with favorable breeding values were also identified. Low correlations were observed between many of the traits and the genetic loci associated with each trait were largely unique, indicating that these drought tolerance related traits are governed by different genetic loci. CONCLUSIONS The genomic regions and germplasm identified in this study can be used by breeders to understand the genetic architecture for these traits and to improve soybean drought tolerance. Phenotyping resources needed, trait heritability, and relationship to the target environment should be considered before deciding which of these traits to ultimately employ in a specific breeding program. Potential marker-assisted selection efforts could focus on loci which explain the greatest amount of phenotypic variation for each trait, but may be challenging due to the quantitative nature of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton J Steketee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Sinclair
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mandeep K Riar
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Zenglu Li
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Yu H, Sun H, Yin C, Lin Z. Combination of sulfonamides, silver antimicrobial agents and quorum sensing inhibitors as a preferred approach for improving antimicrobial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 181:43-48. [PMID: 31158722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
More and more antibacterial agents are used together to treat bacterial infections in diverse fields, but the overuse of antibacterial agents may cause the environmental pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In order to reduce the use of antimicrobial agents, the potential joint effects of quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) and traditional antimicrobial agents have been proposed to be effective. In this study, the joint effects of traditional antimicrobial agents, represented by sulfonamides (SAs) and silver antibacterial agents (silver nitrate (AgNO3) and nanosilver (AgNP, 5 nm)), and five potential QSIs, were investigated using B. subtilis. It was found that AgNP showed higher toxicity than AgNO3, whereas the joint effects on B. subtilis showed no difference between AgNO3 and AgNP when they combined with SAs or QSIs, respectively. In general, AgNO3 and AgNP presented synergetic and additive effects with QSIs, but additive and antagonistic effects with SAs; SAs exhibited synergetic, additive and antagonistic effects with different QSIs whether in binary or ternary mixed system. Moreover, it was found that the use of antimicrobials was reduced and the synergistic combined toxicity of antimicrobial agents on B. subtilis was increased through the addition of the QSIs. This study can offer a valuable reference for the combined medication of the different antimicrobial agents, which will benefit the environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Moazeni M, Hosseini SV, Al-Qanbar MH, Alavi AM, Khazraei H. In vitro evaluation of the protoscolicidal effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on protoscolices of hydatid cyst compared with hypertonic saline, povidone iodine and silver nitrate. J Visc Surg 2019; 156:291-295. [PMID: 30987848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are various protoscolicidal agents for inactivation of protoscoleces of hydatid cysts before and during surgical operation. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protoscolicidal effect of two concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato under in vitro condition and to compare its efficacy with hypertonic saline, povidone iodine and silver nitrate. METHODS Live protoscoleces obtained from the liver of naturally infected sheep were exposed to 0.5% and 1% of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, 5% hypertonic saline, 10% povidone iodine and 0.5% silver nitrate for 1 and 3minutes. Phosphate buffered saline was used as a negative control. One percent eosin staining method was used to test the viability of protoscoleces in different groups. RESULTS While the mean percentage of dead protoscoleces was 6.08% in the control group, the scolicidal power of 5% hypertonic saline was only 6.54% and 6.60% after 1 and 3min respectively. 0.5% E. globulus EO demonstrated 97.38% and 100% scolicidal activity after 1 and 3min respectively. The mean protoscolicidal power of 1% E. globulus EO, 10% povidone iodine and 0.5% silver nitrate was 100% after one minute. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, E. globulus EO demonstrated high scolicidal power in a short period of time. Hence, this herbal product could be considered as a potent natural scolicidal agent that could be used before and during surgery of hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S V Hosseini
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - A M Alavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Khazraei
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Martel AB, Qaderi MM. Unravelling the effects of blue light on aerobic methane emissions from canola. J Plant Physiol 2019; 233:12-19. [PMID: 30576928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is now well documented that plants produce methane (CH4) under aerobic conditions. However, the nature of methane production in plants and all the potential precursors and environmental factors that can be involved in the process are not fully understood. Earlier studies have suggested several chemical compounds, including the amino acid methionine, as precursors of aerobic methane in plants, but none have explored other amino acids as potential precursors or blue light as a driving force of methane emission. We examined the effects of blue light, and the promoter or inhibitor of endogenous ethylene on methane and ethylene emissions, amino acids, and some plant physiological parameters in canola (Brassica napus). Plants were grown under four light conditions: no supplemental blue light, and low, medium, or high blue light, and exposed to three chemical treatments: no chemical application, ethylene promoter (kinetin), or ethylene inhibitor (silver nitrate). Regardless of chemical treatment, blue light significantly increased methane emission, which was accompanied by decreased plant biomass, gas exchange, and flavonoids, but by increased wax, and most amino acids. This study revealed that blue light drives aerobic methane emission from plants by releasing of methyl group from a number of amino acids, and that the methane production in plants may have several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M 2J6, Canada.
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Galazzi RM, Lopes Júnior CA, de Lima TB, Gozzo FC, Arruda MAZ. Evaluation of some effects on plant metabolism through proteins and enzymes in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans after cultivation with silver nanoparticles. J Proteomics 2019; 191:88-106. [PMID: 29581061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) exposition, transgenic (through gene cp4EPSPS) and non-isogenic non-transgenic soybeans were cultivated in the presence or absence of AgNP or silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 50 mg/kg of silver. Physiological aspects of the plants including mass production and development of roots, proteomics such as protein amount and differential proteins, enzymes and lipid peroxidation were determined after exposition. The mass production of non-transgenic plants treated with AgNP or AgNO3 was decreased by 25 and 19%, respectively, on their mass based, while for transgenic soybean this effect was observed for AgNP cultivation only. Fifty-nine proteins were identified from the differentially abundant spots by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Identified species as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), ATP synthase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), related to plant metabolism were less abundant for the cultivation with either AgNP and AgNO3 than the control. Finally, this work demonstrated significant correlation as evidenced by changes in lipid peroxidation content and catalase activity, which were a result of exposure to either AgNP or AgNO3 cultivations. Further, necrotic areas in the basal part of the stems and damage or chlorotic areas were found in the leaves. SIGNIFICANCE: Once nanoparticles have been employed for several applications in recent years and they can be released in the environmental matrices, this study highlights proteomic and enzymatic alterations in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans, an important crop, after cultivation with silver nanoparticles. Such strategy employing proteomic and enzymatic approaches to evaluate soybeans exposed to silver nanoparticles has not yet been reported. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can expand the information concerning the effects of silver nanoparticles in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moretto Galazzi
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cícero Alves Lopes Júnior
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Breneli de Lima
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cesar Gozzo
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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Paeizi M, Karimi F, Razavi K. Changes in medicinal alkaloids production and expression of related regulatory and biosynthetic genes in response to silver nitrate combined with methyl jasmonate in Catharanthus roseus in vitro propagated shoots. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:623-632. [PMID: 30340174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antihypertensive compound ajmalicine and antileukemic vincristine and vinblastine are three important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced by Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae). This study has been done to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate (100 μM) and silver nitrate (50 and 100 μM) individually and simultaneously on the production of mentioned important medicinal alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, ajmalicine, vindoline and catharanthine) and the expression profile of related regulatory and biosynthetic genes in micropropagated shoots of C. roseus. The effects of these treatments are also investigated on non-enzymatic defensive metabolites (total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids) and antioxidant enzymes activities (peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7, catalase, EC 1.11.1.6 and superoxide dismutase, EC 1.15.1.1). Changes of dry weight, quantity of lipid peroxidation, and photosynthetic pigments contents have been measured as well. The results showed increased contents of alkaloids and expression levels of investigated regulatory (Mitogen-activated protein kinase3 and Octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain3) and biosynthetic (strictosidine synthase, geissoschizine synthase, deacetylvindoline acetyltransferase and peroxidase1) genes under the employed treatments. The maximum yields of these alkaloids and the highest levels of the mentioned genes expression were observed under 100 μM methyl jasmonate in combination with 100 μM of AgNO3 after seven days. The employed treatments induced increased lipid peroxidation, higher levels of enzymatic antioxidants activities and more production of non-enzymatic defensive metabolites which shows activity of plant defensive system. The results suggest that silver nitrate and methyl jasmonate signalling pathways may have cross talks and their simultaneous application make an effective combination for elicitation of medicinal alkaloids biosynthesis in C. roseus micropropagated shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Paeizi
- Dep. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, 3319118651, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Karimi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, 3319118651, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Razavi
- National Research Center on Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 1497716316, Tehran, Iran
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Saleh AA, El-Magd MA. Beneficial effects of dietary silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on broiler nutrition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:27031-27038. [PMID: 30014368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the growth modulatory effects of dietary supplementation with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and Ag nitrate on broiler chickens. Thirty 15-day-old chicks were equally divided into the control group (fed basal diets), the Ag-nano group (fed basal diets supplemented with 50 ppm/kg of Ag NPs for 12 d), and the Ag nitrate group (fed basal diets supplemented with 100 ppm/kg Ag nitrate for 12 days). Chicks fed Ag NPs showed increased body weight gain and muscle weight, improved feed efficiency, and increased ash digestibility, while Ag digestibility tend to increase but not significant. Plasma triiodothyronine contents, and muscle Ag and nitrogen contents as well as a significant increase in the following mRNA levels in muscle tissue: insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), glucose transporters (Glut1, Glut3), citrate synthase (CS), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whereas the atrogin-1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) mRNA levels were unchanged. However, these chicks exhibited decreased levels of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose. Dietary supplementation with Ag NPs improved the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Anatomy Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Lou Y, Darvell BW, Botelho MG. Antibacterial Effect of Silver Diammine Fluoride on Cariogenic Organisms. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:591-598. [PMID: 29807972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To screen the possible antimicrobial activity of a range of clinically used, silver-based compounds on cariogenic organisms: silver diammine fluoride (SDF), silver fluoride, and silver nitrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary screening disk-diffusion susceptibility tests were conducted on Mueller-Hinton agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, organisms known to be cariogenic. In order to identify which component of the silver compounds was responsible for any antibacterial (AB) effect, and to provide controls, the following were also investigated at high and low concentrations: sodium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrate, as well as deionized water as control. A volume of 10 pL of a test solution was dispensed onto a paper disk resting on the inoculated agar surface, and the plate incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. The zones of inhibition were then measured. RESULTS Silver diammine fluoride, silver fluoride, silver nitrate, and ammonium fluoride had significant AB effect (p < 0.05) on all three test organisms, although ammonium fluoride had no effect at low concentration; the remaining other compounds had no effect. CONCLUSION Silver ions appear to be the principal AB agent at both high and low concentration; fluoride ions only have an AB effect at high concentration, while ammonium, nitrate, chloride and sodium ions have none. The anticaries effect of topical silver solutions appears restricted to that of the silver ions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Silver compounds, such as SDF, silver fluoride, and silver nitrate have AB effect against cariogenic organisms and these may have clinical impact in arresting or preventing dental decay. Sodium fluoride did not have AB effect under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Lou
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian W Darvell
- Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael G Botelho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China, e-mail:
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Elías JM, Guerrero-Molina MF, Martínez-Zamora MG, Díaz-Ricci JC, Pedraza RO. Role of ethylene and related gene expression in the interaction between strawberry plants and the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:490-496. [PMID: 29350442 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is one of the indirect mechanisms of growth promotion exerted by plant growth-promoting bacteria, and can be mediated by ethylene (ET). We assessed ET production and the expression of related genes in the Azospirillum-strawberry plant interaction. Ethylene production was evaluated by gas chromatography in plants inoculated or not with A. brasilense REC3. Also, plants were treated with AgNO3 , an inhibitor of ET biosynthesis; with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ET biosynthesis; and with indole acetic acid (IAA). Plant dry biomass and the growth index were determined to assess the growth-promoting effect of A. brasilense REC3 in strawberry plants. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse relative expression of the genes Faetr1, Faers1 and Faein4, which encode ET receptors; Factr1 and Faein2, involved in the ET signalling pathway; Faacs1 encoding ACC synthase; Faaco1 encoding ACC oxidase; and Faaux1 and Faami1 for IAA synthesis enzymes. Results showed that ET acts as a rapid and transient signal in the first 12 h post-treatment. A. brasilense REC3-inoculated plants had a significantly higher growth index compared to control plants. Modulation of the genes Faetr1, Faers1, Faein4, Factr1, Faein2 and Faaco1 indicated activation of ET synthesis and signalling pathways. The up-regulation of Faaux1 and Faami1 involved in IAA synthesis suggested that inoculation with A. brasilense REC3 induces production of this auxin, modulating ET signalling. Ethylene production and up-regulation of genes associated with ET signalling in strawberry plants inoculated with A. brasilense REC3 support the priming activation characteristic of ISR. This type of resistance and the activation of systemic acquired resistance previously observed in this interaction indicate that both are present in strawberry plants, could act synergistically and increase protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Elías
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M F Guerrero-Molina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO CONICET-UNT), and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M G Martínez-Zamora
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO CONICET-UNT), and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - J C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO CONICET-UNT), and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - R O Pedraza
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Fluoride with Tri-Calcium Phosphate on Streptococcus mutans and Demineralised Dentine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051288. [PMID: 29693627 PMCID: PMC5983598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 25% silver nitrate (AgNO3) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) on a Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm and dentine caries lesion. Demineralised dentine specimens were treated with 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF + fTCP (Group 1), 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF (Group 2), 25% AgNO3 (Group 3), or water (Group 4). The specimens were subjected to a S. mutans biofilm challenge after treatment. The biofilm was then studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony forming units (CFU). The specimens were assessed by micro-computed tomography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM and CLSM revealed less biofilm in Groups 1 to 3. The log10 CFU of Groups 1 to 4 were 4.5 ± 0.7, 4.4 ± 0.9, 4.4 ± 0.9, and 6.7 ± 1.0, respectively (Groups 1, 2, 3 < 4, p < 0.001). The lesion depths of Groups 1 to 4 were 212.6 ± 20.1 µm, 280.8 ± 51.6 µm, 402.5 ± 61.7 µm, and 497.4 ± 67.2 µm, respectively (Groups 1 < 2 < 3 < 4, p < 0.001). XRD demonstrated silver chloride formation in Groups 1, 2, and 3. FTIR found the amide I: HPO42− values of the four groups were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.41 ± 0.12, and 0.64 ± 0.14, respectively (Groups 1, 2 < 3 < 4; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that AgNO3 and NaF + fTCP reduced the damage of dentine caries by cariogenic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Devani RS, Sinha S, Banerjee J, Sinha RK, Bendahmane A, Banerjee AK. De novo transcriptome assembly from flower buds of dioecious, gynomonoecious and chemically masculinized female Coccinia grandis reveals genes associated with sex expression and modification. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:241. [PMID: 29233089 PMCID: PMC5727884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccinia grandis (ivy gourd), is a dioecious member of Cucurbitaceae having heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Chromosome constitution of male and female plants of C. grandis is 22A + XY and 22A + XX respectively. Earlier we showed that a unique gynomonoecious form of C. grandis (22A + XX) also exists in nature bearing morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (GyM-H). Additionally, application of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on female plants induces stamen development leading to the formation of morphologically hermaphrodite flowers (Ag-H) despite the absence of Y-chromosome. Due to the unavailability of genome sequence and the slow pace at which sex-linked genes are identified, sex expression and modification in C. grandis are not well understood. RESULTS We have carried out a comprehensive RNA-Seq study from early-staged male, female, GyM-H, and Ag-H as well as middle-staged male and GyM-H flower buds. A de novo transcriptome was assembled using Trinity and annotated by BLAST2GO and Trinotate pipelines. The assembled transcriptome consisted of 467,233 'Trinity Transcripts' clustering into 378,860 'Trinity Genes'. Female_Early_vs_Male_Early, Ag_Early_vs_Female_Early, and GyM-H_Middle_vs_Male_Middle comparisons exhibited 35,694, 3574, and 14,954 differentially expressed transcripts respectively. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of selected candidate genes validated digital gene expression profiling results. Interestingly, ethylene response-related genes were found to be upregulated in female buds compared to male buds. Also, we observed that AgNO3 treatment suppressed ethylene responses in Ag-H flowers by downregulation of ethylene-responsive transcription factors leading to stamen development. Further, GO terms related to stamen development were enriched in early-staged male, GyM-H, and Ag-H buds compared to female buds supporting the fact that stamen growth gets arrested in female flowers. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of ethylene responses in both male and Ag-H compared to female buds suggests a probable role of ethylene in stamen suppression similar to monoecious cucurbits such as melon and cucumber. Also, pollen fertility associated GO terms were depleted in middle-staged GyM-H buds compared to male buds indicating the necessity of Y-chromosome for pollen fertility. Overall, this study would enable identification of new sex-biased genes for further investigation of stamen arrest, pollen fertility, and AgNO3-mediated sex modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Suresh Devani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Sangram Sinha
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura India
| | - Jayeeta Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | | | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, INRA, CNRS, University Paris Sud, University of Evry, University Paris Diderot, University of Paris Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anjan Kumar Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, Maharashtra India
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Farrell K, Jahan MA, Kovinich N. Distinct Mechanisms of Biotic and Chemical Elicitors Enable Additive Elicitation of the Anticancer Phytoalexin Glyceollin I. Molecules 2017; 22:E1261. [PMID: 28749423 PMCID: PMC6152012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoalexins are metabolites biosynthesized in plants in response to pathogen, environmental, and chemical stresses that often have potent bioactivities, rendering them promising for use as therapeutics or scaffolds for pharmaceutical development. Glyceollin I is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin from soybean that exhibits potent anticancer activities and is not economical to synthesize. Here, we tested a range of source tissues from soybean, in addition to chemical and biotic elicitors, to understand how to enhance the bioproduction of glyceollin I. Combining the inorganic chemical silver nitrate (AgNO₃) with the wall glucan elicitor (WGE) from the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae had an additive effect on the elicitation of soybean seeds, resulting in a yield of up to 745.1 µg gt-1 glyceollin I. The additive elicitation suggested that the biotic and chemical elicitors acted largely by separate mechanisms. WGE caused a major accumulation of phytoalexin gene transcripts, whereas AgNO₃ inhibited and enhanced the degradation of glyceollin I and 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Farrell
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Md Asraful Jahan
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Nik Kovinich
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Jwanoswki K, Wells C, Bruce T, Rutt J, Banks T, McNealy TL. The Legionella pneumophila GIG operon responds to gold and copper in planktonic and biofilm cultures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174245. [PMID: 28463986 PMCID: PMC5413113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila contaminates man-made water systems and creates numerous exposure risks for Legionnaires’ Disease. Because copper/silver ionization is commonly used to control L. pneumophila, its mechanisms of metal response and detoxification are of significant interest. Here we describe an L. pneumophila operon with significant similarity to the GIG operon of Cupriavidus metallidurans. The Legionella GIG operon is present in a subset of strains and has been acquired as part of the ICE-βox 65-kB integrative conjugative element. We assessed GIG promoter activity following exposure of L. pneumophila to multiple concentrations of HAuCl4, CuSO4 and AgNO3. At 37°C, control stationary phase cultures exhibited GIG promoter activity. This activity increased significantly in response to 20 and 50uM HAuCl4 and CuSO4 but not in response to AgNO3. Conversely, at 26°C, cultures exhibited decreased promoter response to copper. GIG promoter activity was also induced by HAuCl4 or CuSO4 during early biofilm establishment at both temperatures. When an L. pneumophila GIG promoter construct was transformed into E. coli DH5α, cultures showed baseline expression levels that did not increase following metal addition. Analysis of L. pneumophila transcriptional regulatory mutants suggested that GIG up-regulation in the presence of metal ions may be influenced by the stationary phase sigma factor, RpoS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Jwanoswki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christina Wells
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Terri Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Rutt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tabitha Banks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. McNealy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mythili JB, Rajeev PR, Vinay G, Nayeem A. Synergistic effect of silver nitrate and coconut water on shoot differentiation and plant regeneration from cultured cotyledons of Capsicum annuum L. Indian J Exp Biol 2017; 55:184-190. [PMID: 30184420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ranks among the most important vegetable crop belonging to the family Solanaceae that is consumed both as vegetable and spice throughout the world. C. annuum, as crop, in order to meet the target yield, demands improved variety that could overcome environmental challenges viz., biotic and abiotic stress. Cultivar improvement essentially requires an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol. In the present study, we investigated the influence of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and coconut water, individually as well in combination, on in vitro shoot elongation and plant regeneration from cotyledon explants of C. annuum cv G-4. Shoot buds were induced on shoot bud induction medium supplemented with either 44.38 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 9.0 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) along with 5.77 µM gibberellic acid (GA3) and 14.7 µM phenyl acetic acid (PAA). Elongation of shoot buds was obtained on elongation medium containing 8.87 µM BA or 0.45 µM TDZ, 5.77 µM GA3 and 14.7 µM PAA followed by rooting in 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All the media were supplemented with 30 µM AgNO3 and/or coconut water (10% v/v). The presence of coconut water in the elongation media enhanced the regeneration of well developed shoots from differentiating explants on TDZ media while AgNO3 resulted in enhanced production of rooted shoots with greater influence on emerging shoots from BAP media upon transfer to rooting media. There was synergistic response with further enhancement of elongated shoots/elongated rooted shoots on the combined use of coconut water and AgNO3. The elongation media produced significantly higher total shoots when AgNO3 was used synergistically with coconut water (59.0%) as against AgNO3 alone (38.0%). While in rooting media, there was significantly higher production of elongated rooted shoots when coconut water was used synergistically with AgNO3 (47.2%) as against the coconut water alone (14.4%).
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Gao H, Xia X, An L, Xin X, Liang Y. Reversion of hyperhydricity in pink (Dianthus chinensis L.) plantlets by AgNO 3 and its associated mechanism during in vitro culture. Plant Sci 2017; 254:1-11. [PMID: 27964780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhydricity occurs frequently in plant tissue culture and can severely affect commercial micropropagation and genetic improvement of the cultured plantlets. Hyperhydric shoots are charaterzized by high water content, but how this occurs is still a subject of investigation. Silver ion (Ag+) can reduce the extent of hyperhydricity in plants, but its effect on the reversion of hyperhydric plantlets and the underlying mechanism of reversion has not been clarified. In this study, about 67% of the hyperhydric Dianthus chinensis L. plantlets were found to revert to normal condition when the plantlets were cultured in medium supplemented with 29.4μmolL-1AgNO3. Water content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the guard cells of these plantlets were reduced, while stomatal aperture and water loss rate were increased. AgNO3 also reduced the content of endogenous ethylene and expression of ethylene synthesis and ethylene signal transduction-associated genes. Reduced accumulation of ethylene consequently led to an increase in stomatal aperture mediated by decreased H2O2 content in the guard cells. These results adequately verified the role of AgNO3 in the reversion of hyperhydricity in D. chinensis L. and also provided clues for exploring the cause of excessive water accumulation in hyperhydric plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Gao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Xiuying Xia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Lijia An
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Yuan Liang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
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Park WT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Yeo SK, Jeon J, Park JS, Lee SY, Park SU. Yeast Extract and Silver Nitrate Induce the Expression of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes and Induce the Accumulation of Rosmarinic Acid in Agastache rugosa Cell Culture. Molecules 2016; 21:426. [PMID: 27043507 PMCID: PMC6274449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of yeast extract and silver nitrate on the enhancement of phenylpropanoid pathway genes and accumulation of rosmarinic acid in Agastache rugosa cell cultures. The treatment of cell cultures with yeast extract (500 mg/L) and silver nitrate (30 mg/L) for varying times enhanced the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the production of rosmarinic acid. The results indicated that the expression of RAS and HPPR was proportional to the amount of yeast extract and silver nitrate. The transcript levels of HPPR under yeast extract treatment were 1.84-, 1.97-, and 2.86-fold higher than the control treatments after 3, 6, and 12 h, respectively, whereas PAL expression under silver nitrate treatment was 52.31-fold higher than in the non-treated controls after 24 h of elicitation. The concentration of rosmarinic acid was directly proportional to the concentration of the applied elicitors. Yeast extract supplementation documented the highest amount of rosmarinic acid at 4.98 mg/g, whereas silver nitrate addition resulted in a comparatively lower amount of rosmarinic acid at 0.65 mg/g. In conclusion, addition of yeast extract to the cell cultures enhanced the accumulation of rosmarinic acid, which was evidenced by the expression levels of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes in A. rugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Tae Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sun Kyung Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Ramalingam B, Parandhaman T, Das SK. Antibacterial Effects of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Surface Ultrastructure and Nanomechanical Properties of Gram-Negative Bacteria viz. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:4963-4976. [PMID: 26829373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the cell surface is crucial for the evaluation of bactericidal activity and for advanced biomedical and environmental applications. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out through in situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) by cell free protein of Rhizopus oryzae and the synthesized AgNPs was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ-potential analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The HRTEM measurement confirmed the formation of 7.1 ± 1.2 nm AgNPs, whereas DLS study demonstrated average hydrodynamic size of AgNPs as 9.1 ± 1.6 nm. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs (ζ = -17.1 ± 1.2 mV) was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that AgNPs exhibited concentration dependent antibacterial activity and 100% killing of E. coli and P. aeruginosa achieved when the cells were treated with 4.5 and 2.7 μg/mL AgNPs, respectively for 4 h. Furthermore, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production suppressed the antioxidant defense and exerted mechanical damage to the membrane. AgNPs also induced surface charge neutralization and altered of the cell membrane permeability causing nonviability of the cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies depicted alteration of ultrastructural and nanomechanical properties of the cell surface following interaction with AgNPs, whereas FTIR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that cell membrane of the treated cells underwent an order-to-disorder transition during the killing process and chemical composition of the cell membrane including fatty acids, proteins, and carbohydrates was decomposed following interaction with AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Ramalingam
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Chennai 600020, India
| | - Thanusu Parandhaman
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001, India
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Saulou-Bérion C, Gonzalez I, Enjalbert B, Audinot JN, Fourquaux I, Jamme F, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Mercier-Bonin M, Girbal L. Escherichia coli under Ionic Silver Stress: An Integrative Approach to Explore Transcriptional, Physiological and Biochemical Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145748. [PMID: 26696268 PMCID: PMC4699211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better understanding of the systemic effect of sub-lethal micromolar concentrations of ionic silver on Escherichia coli, we performed a multi-level characterization of cells under Ag+-mediated stress using an integrative biology approach combining physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic data. Physiological parameters, namely bacterial growth and survival after Ag+ exposure, were first quantified and related to the accumulation of intracellular silver, probed for the first time by nano secondary ion mass spectroscopy at sub-micrometer lateral resolution. Modifications in E. coli biochemical composition were evaluated under Ag+-mediated stress by in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy and a comprehensive transcriptome response was also determined. Using multivariate statistics, correlations between the physiological parameters, the extracellular concentration of AgNO3 and the intracellular silver content, gene expression profiles and micro-spectroscopic data were investigated. We identified Ag+-dependent regulation of gene expression required for growth (e.g. transporter genes, transcriptional regulators, ribosomal proteins), for ionic silver transport and detoxification (e.g. copA, cueO, mgtA, nhaR) and for coping with various types of stress (dnaK, pspA, metA,R, oxidoreductase genes). The silver-induced shortening of the acyl chain of fatty acids, mostly encountered in cell membrane, was highlighted by microspectroscopy and correlated with the down-regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport (fadL) and synthesis/modification of lipid A (lpxA and arnA). The increase in the disordered secondary structure of proteins in the presence of Ag+ was assessed through the conformational shift shown for amides I and II, and further correlated with the up-regulated expression of peptidase (hfq) and chaperone (dnaJ), and regulation of transpeptidase expression (ycfS and ycbB). Interestingly, as these transpeptidases act on the structural integrity of the cell wall, regulation of their expression may explain the morphological damage reported under Ag+-mediated stress. This result clearly demonstrates that the cell membrane is a key target of ionic silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Saulou-Bérion
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Ignacio Gonzalez
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Brice Enjalbert
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Material Research & Technology Department (MRT), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Isabelle Fourquaux
- Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Jamme
- INRA, UAR1008, CEPIA, Nantes, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Girbal
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Han CY, Tang C, Guevara ME, Wei H, Wietecha T, Shao B, Subramanian S, Omer M, Wang S, O'Brien KD, Marcovina SM, Wight TN, Vaisar T, de Beer MC, de Beer FC, Osborne WR, Elkon KB, Chait A. Serum amyloid A impairs the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:266-81. [PMID: 26642365 DOI: 10.1172/jci83475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmitate-induced adipocyte inflammation; however, the effect of the inflammatory state on the functional properties of HDL on adipocytes is unknown. Here, we found that HDL from mice injected with AgNO3 fails to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and reduces cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HDL isolated from obese mice with moderate inflammation and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus had similar effects. Since serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in HDL increase with inflammation, we investigated whether elevated SAA is a causal factor in HDL dysfunction. HDL from AgNO3-injected mice lacking Saa1.1 and Saa2.1 exhibited a partial restoration of antiinflammatory and cholesterol efflux properties in adipocytes. Conversely, incorporation of SAA into HDL preparations reduced antiinflammatory properties but not to the same extent as HDL from AgNO3-injected mice. SAA-enriched HDL colocalized with cell surface-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipocytes, suggesting impaired access to the plasma membrane. Enzymatic digestion of proteoglycans in the ECM restored the ability of SAA-containing HDL to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and cholesterol efflux. Collectively, these findings indicate that inflammation results in a loss of the antiinflammatory properties of HDL on adipocytes, which appears to partially result from the SAA component of HDL binding to cell-surface proteoglycans, thereby preventing access of HDL to the plasma membrane.
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Abebe LS, Su YH, Guerrant RL, Swami NS, Smith JA. Point-of-Use Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum from Water: Independent Effects of Disinfection by Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions and by Physical Filtration in Ceramic Porous Media. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:12958-12967. [PMID: 26398590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) impregnated with silver nanoparticles are a means of household-level water treatment. CWFs remove/deactivate microbial pathogens by employing two mechanisms: metallic disinfection and physical filtration. Herein we report on the independent effects of silver salt and nanoparticles on Cryptosporidium parvum and the removal of C. parvum by physical filtration in porous ceramic filter media. Using a murine (mouse) model, we observed that treatment of oocysts with silver nitrate and proteinate-capped silver nanoparticles resulted in decreased infection relative to untreated oocysts. Microscopy and excystation experiments were conducted to support the disinfection investigation. Heat and proteinate-capped silver-nanoparticle treatment of oocysts resulted in morphological modifications and decreased excystation rates of sporozoites. Subsequently, disk-shaped ceramic filters were produced to investigate the transport of C. parvum. Two factors were varied: sawdust size and clay-to-sawdust ratio. Five disks were prepared with combinations of 10, 16, and 20 mesh sawdust and sawdust percentage that ranged from 9 to 11%. C. parvum removal efficiencies ranged from 1.5 log (96.4%) to 2.1 log (99.2%). The 16-mesh/10% sawdust had the greatest mean reduction of 2.1-log (99.2%), though there was no statistically significant difference in removal efficiency. Based on our findings, physical filtration and silver nanoparticle disinfection likely contribute to treatment of C. parvum for silver impregnated ceramic water filters, although the contribution of physical filtration is likely greater than silver disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia S Abebe
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Yi-Hsuan Su
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 400743 Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4742, United States
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 801379 Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4742, United States
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia , P.O. Box 400743 Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4742, United States
| | - James A Smith
- University of Virginia , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4742, United States
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Li J, Xu HH, Liu WC, Zhang XW, Lu YT. Ethylene Inhibits Root Elongation during Alkaline Stress through AUXIN1 and Associated Changes in Auxin Accumulation. Plant Physiol 2015; 168:1777-91. [PMID: 26109425 PMCID: PMC4528753 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil alkalinity causes major reductions in yield and quality of crops worldwide. The plant root is the first organ sensing soil alkalinity, which results in shorter primary roots. However, the mechanism underlying alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of root elongation remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that alkaline conditions inhibit primary root elongation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings by reducing cell division potential in the meristem zones and that ethylene signaling affects this process. The ethylene perception antagonist silver (Ag(+)) alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by alkaline stress. Moreover, the ethylene signaling mutants ethylene response1-3 (etr1-3), ethylene insensitive2 (ein2), and ein3-1 showed less reduction in root length under alkaline conditions, indicating a reduced sensitivity to alkalinity. Ethylene biosynthesis also was found to play a role in alkaline stress-mediated root inhibition; the ethylene overproducer1-1 mutant, which overproduces ethylene because of increased stability of 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE5, was hypersensitive to alkaline stress. In addition, the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor cobalt (Co(2+)) suppressed alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of root elongation. We further found that alkaline stress caused an increase in auxin levels by promoting expression of auxin biosynthesis-related genes, but the increase in auxin levels was reduced in the roots of the etr1-3 and ein3-1 mutants and in Ag(+)/Co(2+)-treated wild-type plants. Additional genetic and physiological data showed that AUXIN1 (AUX1) was involved in alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of root elongation. Taken together, our results reveal that ethylene modulates alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of root growth by increasing auxin accumulation by stimulating the expression of AUX1 and auxin biosynthesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (J.L., W.-C.L., X.-W.Z., Y.-T.L.); andJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China (H.-H.X.)
| | - Heng-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (J.L., W.-C.L., X.-W.Z., Y.-T.L.); andJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China (H.-H.X.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (J.L., W.-C.L., X.-W.Z., Y.-T.L.); andJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China (H.-H.X.)
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (J.L., W.-C.L., X.-W.Z., Y.-T.L.); andJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China (H.-H.X.)
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China (J.L., W.-C.L., X.-W.Z., Y.-T.L.); andJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China (H.-H.X.)
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Wu T, Kamiya T, Yumoto H, Sotta N, Katsushi Y, Shigenobu S, Matsubayashi Y, Fujiwara T. An Arabidopsis thaliana copper-sensitive mutant suggests a role of phytosulfokine in ethylene production. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:3657-67. [PMID: 25908239 PMCID: PMC4473973 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To increase our understanding of the adaptation for copper (Cu) deficiency, Arabidopsis mutants with apparent alterations under Cu deficiency were identified. In this report, a novel mutant, tpst-2, was found to be more sensitive than wild-type (Col-0) plants to Cu deficiency during root elongation. The positional cloning of tpst-2 revealed that this gene encodes a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST). Moreover, the ethylene production of tpst-2 mutant was higher than that of Col-0 under Cu deficiency, and adding the ethylene response inhibitor AgNO3 partially rescued defects in root elongation. Interestingly, peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK) treatment also repressed the ethylene production of tpst-2 mutant plants. Our results revealed that TPST suppressed ethylene production through the action of PSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture), Horticultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yumoto
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Floricultural Science, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya Universisy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Eghbalifam N, Frounchi M, Dadbin S. Antibacterial silver nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate blend produced by gamma irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:170-6. [PMID: 26123816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/nano silver (PVA/SA/Ag) composite films were made by solution casting method. Gamma irradiation was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in situ via reduction of silver nitrate without using harmful chemical agents for biomedical applications. UV-vis and XRD results demonstrated that spherical silver nanoparticles were produced even at low irradiation dose of 5 kGy. By increasing irradiation dose, more nanoparticles were synthesized while no PVA hydrogel was formed up to 15 kGy. Also the size of nanoparticles was reduced with increasing gamma dose evidenced by higher release rate of silver nanoparticles in lukewarm water and SEM images. Comparing SEM images with DLS results indicated good performance of PVA/SA as an efficient stabilizer in preventing agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles. Good miscibility of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate observed on the SEM images was supported with FTIR spectroscopy. Upon addition of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol and increasing silver nanoparticles, the melting peak shifted to lower temperature and crystallinity percent was decreased. Addition of sodium alginate led to remarkable increase in rigidity of PVA. The composites exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even at very low level of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeimeh Eghbalifam
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Frounchi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Susan Dadbin
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, North Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran
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Mucha S, Walther D, Müller TM, Hincha DK, Glawischnig E. Substantial reprogramming of the Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) transcriptome in response to UV and silver nitrate challenge. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:137. [PMID: 26063239 PMCID: PMC4464140 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous plants synthesize a large variety of tryptophan-derived phytoalexins in response to pathogen infection, UV irradiation, or high dosages of heavy metals. The major phytoalexins of Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea), which has recently been established as an extremophile model plant, are probably derivatives of indole glucosinolates, in contrast to Arabidopsis, which synthesizes characteristic camalexin from the glucosinolate precursor indole-3-acetaldoxime. RESULTS The transcriptional response of E. salsugineum to UV irradiation and AgNO3 was monitored by RNAseq and microarray analysis. Most transcripts (respectively 70% and 78%) were significantly differentially regulated and a large overlap between the two treatments was observed (54% of total). While core genes of the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates were repressed, tryptophan and indole glucosinolate biosynthetic genes, as well as defence-related WRKY transcription factors, were consistently upregulated. The putative Eutrema WRKY33 ortholog was functionally tested and shown to complement camalexin deficiency in Atwrky33 mutant. CONCLUSIONS In E. salsugineum, UV irradiation or heavy metal application resulted in substantial transcriptional reprogramming. Consistently induced genes of indole glucosinolate biosynthesis and modification will serve as candidate genes for the biosynthesis of Eutrema-specific phytoalexins.
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MESH Headings
- Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics
- Brassicaceae/drug effects
- Brassicaceae/genetics
- Brassicaceae/radiation effects
- Cellular Reprogramming/drug effects
- Cellular Reprogramming/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Glucosinolates/biosynthesis
- Indoles/metabolism
- Metals, Heavy/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sesquiterpenes/metabolism
- Silver Nitrate/pharmacology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
- Thiazoles/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/radiation effects
- Tryptophan/biosynthesis
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Phytoalexins
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mucha
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Teresa M Müller
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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50
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Ondari Nyakundi E, Padmanabhan MN. Green chemistry focus on optimization of silver nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM) and mosquitocidal activity: Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 149:978-984. [PMID: 26010566 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an exigent necessity for development of environmental friendly bio-control agent(s) for elimination of mosquito due to increased resistance resurgence against synthetic control agents. Mosquito control strategy will lay a strong foundation to malaria exclusion or it can be curbed to certain level especially in the developing nations. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using Tridax procumbens leaf extract as a reducing agent. The reaction medium involved in the synthesis process was optimized by statistical experimental design using response surface methodology to obtain better yield, uniform size, shape and stability. Further, these synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed through UV-Visible, FT-IR spectroscopy, PSA and SEM Subsequently, the bioefficacy of these particles were investigated on Anopheles stephensi for larvicidal and pupicidal activity. Interestingly, time period of 90 min, temperature of 76±2 °C, pH 7.2±2, 2 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3), 3mM PEG and 2mM PVP showed excellent parameters for bioprocess design for large scale production of stabilized nanoparticles. A concentration of 5 ppm of PVP stabilized nanoparticles exhibited 100% mortality. Thus, the obtained results clearly suggest that silver nanoparticles stabilized by PEG and PVP may have important function as stabilizers, dispersants as well as larvicides for mosquito control.
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