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Liao WC, Tu TC, Lee KC, Tseng JH, Chen MJ, Sun CK, Wang SY, Chang WK, Chang PY, Wu MS, Lin TJ, Lee HL, Chen JH, Yuan KC, Liu NJ, Wu HC, Liang PC, Wang HP, Hwang TL, Lee CL. Taiwanese consensus recommendations for acute pancreatitis. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1343-1352. [PMID: 31395463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute pancreatitis and related health care utilization are increasing. Acute pancreatitis may result in organ failure and various local complications with risks of morbidity and even mortality. Recent advances in research have provided novel insights into the assessment and management for acute pancreatitis. This consensus is developed by Taiwan Pancreas Society to provide an updated, evidence-based framework for managing acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chien Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jseng-Hwei Tseng
- Department of Imaging & Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kay Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuo Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yi Chang
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Institute of Medicine4, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- Division of Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chien Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Lin-Kou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Long Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Malli A, Durkin C, Groce JR, Hinton A, Conwell DL, Krishna SG. Unavailability of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography Adversely Impacts Hospital Outcomes of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A National Survey and Propensity-Matched Analysis. Pancreas 2020; 49:39-45. [PMID: 31856078 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a paucity of literature assessing the impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) availability at hospitals and the management of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). Thus, we sought to evaluate the impact of ERCP availability on the clinical outcomes of ABP. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2004-2013) was reviewed to identify adult inpatients (≥18 years) with ABP. Clinical outcomes (mortality, severe acute pancreatitis, and health care resource utilization) between hospitals that perform ERCP versus hospitals that do not perform ERCP were compared using multivariate and propensity score-matched analyses. RESULTS A majority of the non-ERCP hospitals were rural (73%) in location. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the lack of ERCP availability was independently associated with increased mortality from ABP (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.88). A propensity score-matched cohort analysis confirmed a significant increase in mortality from ABP in non-ERCP hospitals (1.1% vs 0.53%; odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.15, P = 0.037) compared with ERCP hospitals. CONCLUSIONS This national survey reveals increased mortality for patients with ABP admitted to hospitals lacking ERCP services. While there is a need to increase ERCP availability in rural areas, optimizing strategies for early transfer of patients with ABP to hospitals with ERCP availability can potentially offset these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Malli
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
| | - Claire Durkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - J Royce Groce
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Darwin L Conwell
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
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Tan JH, Zhou L, Kan HP, Zhang GW. Parecoxib Improves the Outcomes of Acute Mild and Moderate Pancreatitis: A 3-Year Matched Cohort Study Based on a Prospective Database. Pancreas 2019; 48:1148-1154. [PMID: 31593014 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of parecoxib in patients with different severities of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS A total of 772 eligible patients with AP were divided into 4 groups: mild and moderately AP (MAP) treated with parecoxib (group A, n = 236), MAP without parecoxib treatment (group B, n = 453), severe AP (SAP) treated with parecoxib (group C, n = 28), and SAP without parecoxib treatment (group D, n = 55). Patients in group A were exactly matched with patients in group B by propensity score matching, similar to the matching between group C and group D. RESULTS The morbidity of abdominal infection in group A was significantly lower as compared with that in group B (P < 0.050). The progression of MAP to SAP significantly decreased in group A than group B (P < 0.050). No significant differences were observed between group C and group D. The risk factors independently related to the progression of MAP included alcoholic/high-fat dietary (P = 0.028) and parecoxib administration (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Early administration of parecoxib could reduce the morbidity of complications among patients with MAP. Parecoxib may prevent the progression of MAP to SAP and improve its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hui Tan
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Olson E, Perelman A, Birk JW. Acute management of pancreatitis: the key to best outcomes. Postgrad Med J 2019; 95:328-333. [PMID: 31123175 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) accounts for over 230 000 US and 28 000 UK hospital admissions annually. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting symptom in AP but may not reflect severity. The clinical challenge is identifying the 20% of patients in whom AP will be severe. We summarise the common aetiologies, the risk stratification strategies including the simplified Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis, acute management approaches in the initial presentation setting, conditions for using advance imaging and opinions on antibiotic use. Some warning signs of impending complications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Olson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - John W Birk
- Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Stigliano S, Sternby H, de Madaria E, Capurso G, Petrov MS. Early management of acute pancreatitis: A review of the best evidence. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:585-594. [PMID: 28262458 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the 20th century early management of acute pancreatitis often included surgical intervention, despite overwhelming mortality. The emergence of high-quality evidence (randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses) over the past two decades has notably shifted the treatment paradigm towards predominantly non-surgical management early in the course of acute pancreatitis. The present evidence-based review focuses on contemporary aspects of early management (which include analgesia, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, nutrition, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) with a view to providing clear and succinct guidelines on early management of patients with acute pancreatitis in 2017 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Stigliano
- Digestive & Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Hanna Sternby
- Department of Surgery, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enrique de Madaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive & Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Wang T, Shi BM. Comparative analysis of early surgery and conservative treatment for acute gallstone pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2231-2235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i14.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the clinical curative effect and safety between surgical treatment and conservative treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) due to choledocholithiasis.
METHODS: A total of 119 ABP (including severe ABP) patients received either conservative treatment (n = 43) or surgical treatment (n = 54). Laboratory indexes, complications as well as hospitalization time were comparatively analyzed between the two groups.
RESULTS: Compared with the conservative treatment group, times to recovery of urine amylase and blood amylase and the average length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the surgical treatment group (6.5 d ± 3.2 d vs 8.3 d ± 4.3 d, 7.3 d ± 4.2 d vs 10.2 d ± 3.7 d, 15.2 d ± 4.3 d vs 18.3 d ± 5.5 d, P < 0.05). There were 5 cases of complications in the surgical treatment group and 7 cases in the conservative treatment group (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Early surgical treatment for ABP, especially acute cholangitis, is safe and effective.
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Meta-Analysis of Early Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)±Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (ES) Versus Conservative Management for Gallstone Pancreatitis (GSP). Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2015; 25:185-203. [PMID: 25799261 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sun WC, Chan HH, Lai KH, Tsai TJ, Lin HS, Lin KH, Wang KM, Kao SS, Chiang PH, Cheng JS, Hsu PI, Tsai WL, Chen WC, Li YD, Wang EM. The efficacy of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for patients with acute biliary pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:575898. [PMID: 25949236 PMCID: PMC4408643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/575898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. No study investigated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) for the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). Method. We retrospectively reviewed the effects of EPBD on patients with ABP from February 2003 to December 2012. The general data, findings of image studies, details of the procedure, and outcomes after EPBD were analyzed. Result. Total 183 patients (male/female: 110/73) were enrolled. The mean age was 65.9 years. Among them, 155 patients had mild pancreatitis. The meantime from admission to EPBD was 3.3 days. Cholangiogram revealed filling defects inside the common bile duct (CBD) in 149 patients. The mean dilating balloon size was 10.5 mm and mean duration of the dilating procedure was 4.3 minutes. Overall, 124 patients had gross stones retrieved from CBD. Four (2.2%) adverse events and 2 (1.1%) intraprocedure bleeding incidents but no procedure-related mortality were noted. Bilirubin and amylase levels significantly decreased after EPBD. On average, patients resumed oral intake within 1.4 days. The clinical parameters and outcomes were similar in patients with different severity of pancreatitis. Conclusion. EPBD can be effective and safe for the treatment of ABP, even in patients presenting with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Hoi-Hung Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Hung Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jiun Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shyan Lin
- Department of Health-Business Administration, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ming Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Shuo Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Chiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Da Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - E-Ming Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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Nutrition, inflammation, and acute pancreatitis. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:341410. [PMID: 24490104 PMCID: PMC3893749 DOI: 10.1155/2013/341410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Nutrition has a number of anti-inflammatory effects that could affect outcomes of patients with pancreatitis. Further, it is the most promising nonspecific treatment modality in acute pancreatitis to date. This paper summarizes the best available evidence regarding the use of nutrition with a view of optimising clinical management of patients with acute pancreatitis.
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Lack of consensus on the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in acute biliary pancreatitis in published meta-analyses and guidelines: a systematic review. Pancreas 2013; 42:774-80. [PMID: 23774699 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e318287d208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several randomized controlled trials studied the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). No study assessed whether these trials resulted in international consensus in published meta-analyses and treatment guidelines. METHODS A systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, of meta-analyses and guidelines on ERCP in ABP was performed in PubMed until August 2011.The methodological quality of the meta-analysis and guidelines was assessed by a validated quality assessment tool. RESULTS Eight meta-analyses and 12 guidelines fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There is consensus that ERCP is indicated in case of ABP with coexistent cholangitis and/or persistent cholestasis. By exception of the first meta-analysis, all included studies disapproved early ERCP in predicted mild ABP. Consensus is lacking regarding the role of early ERCP in predicted severe ABP, as 3 meta-analyses and 1 guideline do not advice this strategy. Routine early ERCP in predicted severe ABP is recommended in 7 of the 11 guidelines. CONCLUSIONS There is consensus in guidelines and meta-analyses that ERCP/ES is indicated in patients with ABP and coexisting cholangitis and/or persistent cholestasis. Consensus is lacking on the role of routine early ERCP/ES in patients with predicted severe ABP.
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11
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Tse F, Yuan Y. Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute biliary pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:450. [PMID: 23459049 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Czakó L. [Urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography: to whom, when and how to perform?]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:1456-1464. [PMID: 22961415 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Although the effectivity of an urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography was documented, some aspects relating to this method are still debated. Timing of this procedure has not been established yet. Indications for urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography with stone extraction from the common bile duct in patients with biliary pancreatitis remains controversial. Biliary decompression and drainage is the cornerstone of acute cholangitis treatment. The timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography should be based on the grade of the severity of the disease. Using endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of bile leaks in a timely manner is imperative to limit associated morbidity and mortality. Difficulty in cannulating the common bile duct is one of the main risk factors for pancreatitis occurring after the procedure. Alternative techniques to facilitate difficult cannulation are discussed. Organized training and introduction of objective measures of the investigator's competence are emphasized to improve the performance of the procedure in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Czakó
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Belgyógyászati Klinika Szeged Pf. 407 6701.
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Abstract
In the past decade, a significant amount of active and enthusiastic research has changed the way we treat acute pancreatitis (AP) within the first 24 hours of presentation. We highlight the importance of rapid initiation of treatment to help prevent the considerable morbidity and mortality that can occur when interventions are delayed. We review recent data that validate simple and accurate tools for prognostication of AP to replace the older, more tedious methods that relied on numerous factors and required up to 48 hours to complete. Additionally, we aim to provide evidence-based guidelines and end points for fluid resuscitation. Finally, we hope to bring clarification to two previously controversial topics in AP treatment: the use of prophylactic antibiotics and early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Fisher
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Tse F, Yuan Y. Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012:CD009779. [PMID: 22592743 PMCID: PMC11491195 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009779.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. A number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided conflicting evidence. OBJECTIVES To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical effectiveness and safety of the early routine ERCP strategy compared to the early conservative management with or without selective use of ERCP strategy, based on all important, clinically relevant and standardized outcomes including mortality, local and systemic complications as defined by the Atlanta Classification (Bradley 1993) and by authors of the primary study, and ERCP-related complications in unselected patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases and major conference proceedings up to January 2012, using the Cochrane Upper Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases model with no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs comparing the early routine ERCP strategy versus the early conservative management with or without selective use of ERCP strategy in patients with suspected acute gallstone pancreatitis. We included studies in which the population with acute gallstone pancreatitis was a subgroup within a larger group of patients. We only included studies involving only a selected subgroup of patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis (actual severe pancreatitis) in subgroup analyses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors conducted study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment independently. Using intention-to-treat analysis with random-effects models, we combined dichotomous data to obtain risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed heterogeneity using the Chi² test and I² statistic. To explore sources of heterogeneity, we conducted a priori subgroup analyses according to predicted severity of pancreatitis, cholangitis, biliary obstruction, time to ERCP in routine ERCP strategy, use of selective ERCP in conservative management strategy, and risk of bias. To assess the robustness of our results, we carried out sensitivity analyses using different summary statistics (RR versus odds ratio (OR)) and meta-analytic models (fixed versus random-effects), and per-protocol analysis. We performed influence analysis by exclusion of each study. MAIN RESULTS Five RCTs comprising 644 participants were included in the main analyses. Two additional RCTs, comprising only patients with actual severe acute gallstone pancreatitis, were included only in subgroup analyses. There was statistical heterogeneity among trials for mortality, but not for other outcomes. In unselected patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis, there were no statistically significant differences between the two strategies in mortality (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.18 to 3.03), local and systemic complications as defined by the Atlanta Classification (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.43; and RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.11 respectively) and by authors of the primary study (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.26; and RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.09 respectively). The results were robust to sensitivity and influence analyses except for systemic complications as defined by the Atlanta Classification. There was no evidence to suggest that the results were dependent on predicted severity of pancreatitis. Among trials that included patients with cholangitis, the early routine ERCP strategy significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68), local and systemic complications as defined by the Atlanta Classification (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.99; and RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.78 respectively) and by authors of the primary study (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.87; and RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.82 respectively). Among trials that included patients with biliary obstruction, the early routine ERCP strategy was associated with a significant reduction in local complications as defined by authors of the primary study (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.91), and a non-significant trend towards reduction of local and systemic complications as defined by the Atlanta Classification (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.07; and RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.02 respectively) and systemic complications as defined by authors of the primary study (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.01). ERCP complications were infrequent. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis, there is no evidence that early routine ERCP significantly affects mortality, and local or systemic complications of pancreatitis, regardless of predicted severity. Our results, however, provide support for current recommendations that early ERCP should be considered in patients with co-existing cholangitis or biliary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Tse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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15
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Tse F, Yuan Y. Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Almadi MA, Barkun JS, Barkun AN. Management of suspected stones in the common bile duct. CMAJ 2012; 184:884-92. [PMID: 22508980 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Majid A Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
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Abstract
Currently there is no evidence for prophylactic cholecystectomy to prevent gallstone formation (grade B). Cholecystectomy cannot be recommended for any group of patients having asymptomatic gallstones except in those undergoing major upper abdominal surgery for other pathologies (grade B). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for all patient groups with symptomatic gallstones (grade B). Patients with gallstones along with common bile duct stones treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy should undergo cholecystectomy (grade A). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration or with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy is the preferred treatment for obstructive jaundice caused by common bile duct stones, when the expertise and infrastructure are available (grade B).
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Gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2009; 17:60-9. [PMID: 20012326 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-009-0217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the care of acute pancreatitis, a prompt search for the etiologic condition of the disease should be conducted. A differentiation of gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis should be given top priority in its etiologic diagnosis because it is related to the decision of treatment policy. Examinations necessary for diagnosing gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis include blood tests and ultrasonography. Early ERCP/ES should be performed in patients with gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis if a complication of cholangitis and a prolonged passage disorder of the biliary tract are suspected. The treatment for bile duct stones with the use of ERCP/ES alone is not recommended in cases of gallstone-induced pancreatitis with gallbladder stones. Cholecystectomy for gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis should be performed using a laparoscopic procedure as the first option as soon as the disease has subsided.
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Optimal intervention in pregnant patients with gallstone pancreatitis: routine endoscopic sphincterotomy or selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy? J Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 43:894; author reply 895-6. [PMID: 19461526 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e31819d85c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Petrov MS, Savides TJ. Systematic review of endoscopic ultrasonography versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for suspected choledocholithiasis. Br J Surg 2009; 96:967-74. [PMID: 19644975 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has emerged as an accurate diagnostic alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials of EUS-guided ERCP versus ERCP alone in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. METHODS The search for eligible studies was carried out using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Science Citation Index electronic databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS Four trials containing 213 patients randomized to EUS-guided ERCP and 210 to ERCP alone were selected. In the EUS-guided ERCP group, ERCP was avoided in 143 patients (67.1 per cent) when EUS did not detect choledocholithiasis. The use of EUS significantly reduced the risk of overall complications (relative risk 0.35 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.20 to 0.62); P < 0.001) and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis (relative risk 0.21 (95 per cent c.i. 0.06 to 0.83); P = 0.030). CONCLUSION By performing EUS first, ERCP may be safely avoided in two-thirds of patients with common bile duct stones. Application of EUS in the selection of patients for therapeutic ERCP significantly reduces the complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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