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Sarkar UK, Kathirvelpandian A, Kantharajan G, Tyagi LK, Lakra WS. The concept of "state fishes of India": Current status, knowledge gaps, and strategic plans for conservation and sustainable utilization. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38530167 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The concept of "state fishes of India" highlights the importance and significance of the prioritized fish species distributed across various states within the country. This review article systematically documents the current status of state fishes from various perspectives, identifies the prevailing knowledge gaps, and also highlights the issues and strategic plans essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these valuable genetic resources. A total of 8357 publications were checked for the consolidated information on state fish species, and the appropriate items were selected under eight categories: biology, physiology and nutrition, aquaculture, habitat and environmental parameters, genetics and biotechnology, harvest and postharvest, fish health management, and others. The synthesized information was used to present the current status of research and development on state fish species. The knowledge gaps that are to be addressed are also depicted under the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation aquaculture. Based on the findings, strategic plans for the targeted conservation programmes are proposed and discussed under various in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Further, the departmental processes involved in the declaration, the importance of stakeholder involvement, namely, local communities and policymakers, in fostering effective conservation measures, and planning for utilization of these valuable fish genetic resources are also indicated.
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Rahman MA, Sultana MA, Ahmed FF, Hossain MY. Effect of water quality parameters and climatic influences on reproductive phenology of Macrognathus pancalus in wetland ecosystem: recommending a long-term management approach and conservation policy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:219. [PMID: 38291263 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The study conducted an investigation into the reproductive biology of M. pancalus and assessed the influence of water quality parameters and environmental factors on the spawning pattern within the Gajner Beel ecosystem in Bangladesh. A total of 1218 individuals of M. pancalus (46.39% males and 53.61% females) were collected monthly from the Gajner Beel during January to December 2018 using various fishing gears. The total length (TL) of each individual was measured using digital slide calipers, and the whole body weight (BW) was measured using an electronic balance. Fulton's conditions factor (KF) showed significant differences between males and females. The calculated Lm were 11.11 cm, 11.30 cm, and 11.10 cm based on maximum length, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and the logistic model. The spawning season extended from May through August, with June and July being peak months. The average total fecundity was 1495.52 ± 840.24, with a range of 370 to 4069. During peak spawning season, the average temperature and rainfall were 27°C and 370 mm, respectively. Rainfall, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and pH all had a significant (p < 0.01) positive effect whereas temperature and TDS all had a significant (p > 0.01) negative effect on GSI. Annual air temperature in the study area increased by 0.053 °C/year, with a regression coefficient value (r2 = 0.1695), while annual mean rainfall decreased by 5.97mm/year (r2 = 0.076). This research will contribute to the development of conservation and management approaches of Mastacembelidae fish in relation to current climate variability in sub-tropical waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Afia Sultana
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Paul TT, Sarkar UK, C AA, D VG, Das BK. Exploring vulnerabilities of inland fisheries in Indian context with special reference to climate change and their mitigation and adaptation: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:233-252. [PMID: 36595091 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical inland capture fisheries are susceptible to a series of vulnerabilities such as habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, pollution, overfishing, invasive species and anthropogenic climate change. A comprehensive review of the impact of climatic uncertainties on Indian inland fisheries has not been adequately attempted yet. Recent approaches emphasizing ecosystem-based management in a regional context, specific to inland fisheries for combating climatic changes, have not been reported to date. The paper presents a critical bibliometric review of the climatic vulnerabilities faced by Indian inland fishery resources and various adaptive and mitigation strategies put forward by the country for the sustainability of the resources. In this communication, a systematic review of the impact of climate change and other stressors on various inland ecosystems of the subcontinent and the ecosystem-based management strategies adopted in India is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albin Albert C
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Vandana G D
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
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Lianthuamluaia L, Kumari S, Sarkar UK, Borah S, Puthiyottil M, Karnatak G, Das BK, Ghosh BD, Das A, Debnath S, Ray A, Johnson C. Improving approaches and modeling framework for assessing vulnerability of Asian leaf fish in the major river basin floodplains of India in changing climate. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rahman MA, Hossain MY, Hossain MAR, Ahmed ZF, Jaman A, Ohtomi J. Are there any effects of eco-climatic factors on freshwater prawn reproduction: a study on monsoon river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83273-83290. [PMID: 35763138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prawns are regarded as delicious food items and a source of income as it is the salient exportable fishery item of Bangladesh and a number of other countries. Climate change may inhibit the general physiological activity of prawns. This study explored the eco-climatic effects on reproduction, including size at first sexual maturity (Lm), spawning season, and fecundity of monsoon river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Milne-Edwards, 1844). The study was carried out in the Ganges (Padma) River basin, northwestern Bangladesh, from January to December 2014. Seven hundred fifty-seven specimens ranging from 0.80 to 18.27 g BW (body weight) with TLs (total length) of 4.20 to 11.52 cm were analyzed. The Lm was estimated as 6.2-6.6 cm. Total fecundity was higher than earlier studies and ranged from 2743 to 122,165 with a mean value of 6715 ± 2437. The spawning season was estimated from April to October with a peak in July. Significant correlation was found between rainfall and the presence of ovigerous females, i.e., spawning season. The number of ovigerous females increased in ≥ 100 mm average rainfall, and the maximum ovigerous female spawned at 250-320 mm rainfall. Spawning season of M. malcolmsonii may have shifted with shifting rainy season as a result of climate change. The findings of our investigation would be useful for sustainable management of the fishery of M. malcolmsonii and other prawn species in the Ganges River, Bangladesh, and adjoining countries with similar eco-climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashekur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Mostafa A R Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zoarder Faruque Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Jaman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jun Ohtomi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
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Chakraborty H, Kayal T, Lianthuamluaia L, Sarkar UK, Das AK, Chakraborty S, Sahoo BK, Mondal K, Mandal S, Das BK. Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in assessing ecological profile, fish community structure and production of a large reservoir of Himachal Pradesh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:643. [PMID: 35930070 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the spatial analysis and mapping of fish and different measures of environmental parameters and fish diversity of Pong reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, using Kriging spatial interpolation methods for geographical information system mapping. Seasonal data on environmental parameters, potential fish habitat and fish diversity was collected from lentic (dam), lentic (reservoir), transitional and lotic zone of the reservoir.. Important environmental parameters like water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, water depth and transparency showed variations across the different zones of the reservoir. The sediment of the reservoir was sandy clay loam in nature as per texture analysis. Fish species richness, Shannon index and evenness index showed a similarity of the lotic and lentic (reservoir) zones of the reservoir. Six potential fish breeding grounds were identified in the reservoir indicating high conservation significance. The analysis of data showed a declining trend in fish production from 456.9 tonnes during the decade 1976-1987 to 347.91 tonnes during 2009-2020. The factors like anthropogenic climate change, predation of a stocked fish juvenile by water birds, undersized fish stocking and unscientific management are the probable reasons for the decreasing fish production. The spatial variation pattern of the water spread area, environmental parameters, fish catch and potential fish breeding grounds depicted in the GIS platform can be used as an important information base by the policy makers for fisheries management. The stocking of large size fish as a stocking material and adequate protection of the potential fish breeding grounds are the key advisories for the sustainable enhancement of fisheries as well as conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - T Kayal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - L Lianthuamluaia
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - U K Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - A K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - S Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - B K Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - K Mondal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - S Mandal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - B K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India.
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Mawa Z, Hossain MY, Hasan MR, Rahman MA, Tanjin S, Ohtomi J. Life history traits of Mystus vittatus in the Ganges River, Bangladesh: recommendation for its sustainable management considering climate change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:927-943. [PMID: 35211787 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater catfishes are regarded primarily as a source of food and sport, so they are highly valuable economically. We comprehensively studied life history features of Mystus vittatus, including sex ratio (SR), population structure, growth pattern, condition, form factor (a3.0), sexual maturity (Lm), spawning season, fecundity, mortality (i.e., total mortality (Z), natural-mortality (MW), and fishing mortality (F)), optimum catchable length (Lopt), length at first capture (Lc), and environmental factors (temperature and rainfall) with management policies from the Ganges River during July 2017 to June 2018. SR (1:1.48) differed noticeably from the expected 1:1 ratio (p < 0.05). Total length (TL) ranged from 6.80-16.00 cm for males and 6.53-18.80 cm for females. The growth was negative allometric for both sexes. Fulton's condition factor was the best one and mean relative weight showed no significant difference from 100 for both sexes that indicates balanced population. Lm was 9.60, 9.70, and 8.80 cm based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), logistic, and maximum length (Lmax), respectively. Spawning season was April to September and the peak was May to July. Fecundity varied from 5942 to 49,852 (mean ± SD, 11,898 ± 5028) and a positively correlated with TL and BW. Z was 1.80 year-1, Mw was 0.97 year-1, and F was 0.83 year-1. Lopt was 11.14 cm (TL) and Lc was ~ 8.47 cm (TL). Temperature and rainfall both were significantly related with GSI and suitable range of temperature and rainfall for spawning of M. vittatus was 28-34 °C and 200-390 mm, respectively. Long data series pointed that average air temperature was increasing and rainfall was decreasing. By considering all of the above parameters, we can take the proper management actions for M. vittatus and other freshwater catfishes on the Indian sub-continent, to ensure long-term self-sustainability and sustainable harvest for the benefit of fishers and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannatul Mawa
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rabiul Hasan
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashekur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaya Tanjin
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jun Ohtomi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
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Hasan MR, Hossain MY, Mawa Z, Hossain MA. Reproductive biology of Heteropneustes fossilis in a wetland ecosystem (Gajner Beel, Bangladesh) in relation to eco-climatic factors: Suggesting a sustainable policy for aquaculture, management and conservation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1160-1174. [PMID: 35197783 PMCID: PMC8847920 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1974) is a commercially important fish species in Asia. This is an important food fish as is enriched with high amounts of protein, iron and calcium. The current research demonstrates the population structure, size at sexual maturity, spawning- and peak-spawning season and fecundity of H. fossilis in an important wetland ecosystem - Gajner Beel in northwestern Bangladesh with an aim of its sustainable conservation through induced breeding and aquaculture practices. A total of 426 stinging catfish captured from the Gajner Beel through monthly sampling from January to December 2019 used in the study. Total length (TL), standard length (SL) and body weight (BW) of individual fishes were measured. The size ranges were with 6.70–24.10 cm TL, 1.37–83.94 g BW. Gonads were removed carefully through ventral dissection and weighted. Lm was 14.02, 13.5, 13.0 and 15.0 cm based on maximum length (Lmax), TL vs. GSI (%), TL vs. SL and logistic model, respectively. Monthly variations of GSI and maturation stages were confirmed in April to August as spawning season and June as peak spawning month. Fulton’s condition factor (KF) was found to be with significant relations with GSI values. Fecundity was 1,730 to 23,870 and significantly correlated with both TL and BW. Temperature has been increasing 0.029 °C/year with the falling of rainfall at 2.96 mm/year in the study area. Environmental factors -Temperature, rainfall, dissolved oxygen and pH were found to be significantly correlated with GSI. We found the optimal range of temperature (29–31 °C), rainfall (350–380 mm), dissolved oxygen (5.0–6.0 mg/l) and pH (7.1–7.5) for spawning of H. fossilis. The paper recommended the policy guidelines to pave the ways of the aquaculture, conservation and management of H. fossilis in the changing eco-climatic events through specific management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Hasan
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zannatul Mawa
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafa A.R. Hossain
- Department of Fish. Biology & Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Thel L, Chamaillé‐Jammes S, Bonenfant C. How to describe and measure phenology? An investigation on the diversity of metrics using phenology of births in large herbivores. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Thel
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Université Lyon I Villeurbanne France
| | - Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- Mammal Research Inst., Dept of Zoology&Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- LTSER France, Zone Atelier ‘Hwange', Hwange National Park Dete Zimbabwe
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Université Lyon I Villeurbanne France
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Sarkar UK, Paul TT, Puthiyottil M, Karnatak G, Das VG, Bandyopadhyay A, Bakshi S, Das BK. Inland heat waves (IHWs) and associated impacts on hydro-biology of aquatic ecosystems in lower Ganga basin, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:235-245. [PMID: 34787683 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the occurrence and impact of heat waves on the ecology of two ecosystems namely Bhomra wetland and Ganga River stretch, India. The water samples collected from these ecosystems were analyzed for estimating the hydrological and biological variables during heat wave. The inland heat index (IHI) was derived from the climatic variables, relative humidity and temperature. The study indicated the predominant and periodic occurrence of inland heat waves (IHW) with indices ranging from 34.8 to 42.8 °C and 35.9 to 43.5 °C at the Bhomra and Ganga River stretch respectively during the summer months (March-June). The first two components of the principal component analysis of physico-chemical parameters and heat index explained 45.6% and 59% of the variation in the Bhomra and Ganga River stretch respectively. PCA showed a similar pattern in variation of IHWs and dissolved oxygen, nutrients, hardness and alkalinity, but a distinct pattern with conductivity and TDS in the wetland. IHW exhibited a similar pattern of variation with TDS, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and hardness and distinct pattern with alkalinity, phosphate and nitrate in the river stretch. The first two components of PCA of IHI and plankton abundance explained 89% of the variation and IHI had a similar pattern of variation with the abundance of diatoms and a diverse pattern of variation with blue-green and green algae in the studied ecosystems which might affect the food availability of the associated fishes. The study suggests that IHW influences the water quality and primary producers and also summarizes the impact of IHW on ecosystem services and necessitates mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
| | | | - Mishal Puthiyottil
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Gunjan Karnatak
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arnab Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Snigdha Bakshi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
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Hossain MY, Mawa Z, Hasan MR, Rahman MA, Tanjin S, Khatun MM, Jasmine S. Assessing reproductive biology of Macrobrachium lamarrei in the Ganges River (NW Bangladesh) in relation to environmental parameters. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6305-6316. [PMID: 34759750 PMCID: PMC8568718 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) is a well-known freshwater prawn species of Bangladesh. The aim of the research is to explore various reproductive aspects (size at sexual maturity, reproductive period and fecundity) of M. lamarrei in the Ganges River, Bangladesh through October 2012 to September 2013. We also study the environmental parameters and their impact on reproduction of M. lamarrei. A total 391 (ovigerous = 141, non-ovigerous = 250) female specimens were collected using Drag net. The TL50 (the TL at which 50% of individuals become mature) was calculated by a logistic equation as 5.20 cm. Based on the availability of ovigerous females the spawning season was February-November with the peak June-July. Further, 50% and 90% ovigerous females were observed when Fulton’s condition factor (KF) was 0.85 and 1.03, respectively. The total fecundity (FT) was ranged from 65 to 370 where TL was 4.20–6.40 cm and BW was 0.84–2.50 g. Fecundity was found to be highly correlated with TL (r2 ≥ 0.96, rs = 0.96, p < 0.0001) and BW (r2 ≥ 0.88, rs = 0.93, p < 0.0001). Temperature (rp = 0.82, p = 0.009), dissolved oxygen (DO) (rp = −0.83, p = 0.0007), pH (rp = 0.80, p = 0.0014) and total alkalinity (rp = −0.87, p = 0.0002), were highly correlated with ovigerous females. The average temperature on peak spawning season was 32 °C. Also, the spawning period connected with the peak rainfall and showed a notable relation between rainfall and ovigerous females. In addition, exploration of long data series pointed that yearly average air temperature is rising by 0.029 °C yr−1, whereas yearly average rainfall is falling by 2.96 mm yr−1. Therefore, the result will be helpful for the sustainable management and conservation of M. lamarrei through fixed permissible mesh size and establishment of a ban period in the Ganges River, Bangladesh and adjoining ecosystems.
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Sarkar UK, Roy K, Karnatak G, Naskar M, Puthiyottil M, Baksi S, Lianthuamluaia L, Kumari S, Ghosh BD, Das BK. Reproductive environment of the decreasing Indian river shad in Asian inland waters: disentangling the climate change and indiscriminative fishing threats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30207-30218. [PMID: 33586110 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The regional climate has significantly warmed with erratically declining annual rainfall and intensified downpour within a narrower span of monsoon months, which led to an increased trophic state (≈algae) in most inland waters. Freshwater clupeids vitally control the aquatic food chain by grazing on algae. Despite increasing food availability, IUCN Red List® revealed 16 freshwater clupeids with a decreasing population trend. We investigated one such species' reproductive dependencies, Gudusia chapra (Indian river shad), in the lower Gangetic drainage (India) under a mixed context of climate change and overfishing. Monthly rainfall (≥ 60-100 mm) and water temperature (≥ 31-32 °C) are key breeding cues for females. The regional climate seems inclined to fulfill these through the significant part of the breeding season, and indeed the species has maintained consistent breeding phenology over 20 years. Other breeding thresholds relevant to fishing include size at first maturity (≥ 6.8 cm; reduced by ~ 25-36%) and pre-spawning girth (Girthspawn50 ≥ 7 cm; first record). Girthspawn50 is a proxy of the minimum mesh size requirement of fishing nets to allow safe passage of "gravid" females (+ 22% bulged abdomen) and breed. The operational fishing nets (3-10 cm mesh) probably have been indulged in indiscriminative fishing of gravid females for generations. Under a favorably changing climate and food availability, existing evidence suggests a fishery-induced evolution in regional females (to circumvent such mesh sizes) through earlier maturation/puberty at smaller sizes. It could be an early warning sign of population collapse (smaller females → lessening fecundity → fewer offspring). Overfishing seemed to be a bigger threat than climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - Koushik Roy
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gunjan Karnatak
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Malay Naskar
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Mishal Puthiyottil
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Snigdha Baksi
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Suman Kumari
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Bandana Das Ghosh
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- National Innovation for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
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Karnatak G, Sarkar UK, Naskar M, Roy K, Nandi S, Mishal P, Lianthuamluaia L, Kumari S, Das BK. Modeling pre-spawning fitness and optimal climate of spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) from a Gangetic floodplain wetland of West Bengal, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1889-1898. [PMID: 32897434 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spawning and well-being of fish in an ecosystem are closely linked to climatic cues, viz., temperature and rainfall. Reduced fitness can affect the reproductive performance and lead to skipped spawning. Benchmarking the threshold fitness required for a fish population to achieve readiness for spawning, and understanding how climatic parameters influence the fitness will aid in predicting the fate of its reproductive success in future climatic conditions. This study determined the threshold condition factor pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) at which 50% of the female Channa punctata population can be deemed fit for spawning. The optimal climate within which pre-spawning fitness is attained by this species under Indian climatic conditions was also identified. The study was conducted from June 2015 to September 2016, covering two spawning seasons (June-August) in a Gangetic floodplain wetland of West Bengal, India. The non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method (survival fit) was used for estimation of pre-spawning fitness. "Ready to spawn" females were classified based on binary coding of the gonadal maturity stages. The thermal and precipitation range within which spawning fitness is achieved was identified by using the locally weighted smoothing technique. Female C. punctata pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) ranged from 1.26 to 1.39 with an estimated median of 1.29 units. Temperatures between 29 and 32 °C and rainfall above 100 mm were conducive to attaining the requisite pre-spawning fitness in C. punctata. This is the first study benchmarking the pre-spawning fitness and optimal climate for C. punctata. Understanding spawning requirements can inform the climate change-induced impacts on reproductive plasticity and evolutionary adaptations of snakeheads in the Ganga river basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Karnatak
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - Malay Naskar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemiain České Budějovice, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Saurav Nandi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Puthiyottil Mishal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | | | - Suman Kumari
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
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