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Pelland AA, Dumas M, Lemieux-Blanchard É, LeBlanc R, Côté J, Boudreault JS, Duquette D, Kaedbey R, Lalancette M, Larose F, Nikonova A, Pavic M, Shamy A, Roy J, Sebag M, Trudel S, Claveau JS. Perspectives on Outpatient Delivery of Bispecific T-Cell Engager Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2025; 32:238. [PMID: 40277794 PMCID: PMC12025952 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol32040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, a new promising therapy, called bispecific T-cell engager (TCE), has been developed and is now available in many countries for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. T-cell engagers are associated with sustained efficacy and progression-free survival benefits in patients with heavily treated myeloma. However, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and infections complicate their administration, particularly in remote centers. This review discusses the key requirements for delivering TCEs therapies, focusing on outpatient delivery. We also outline the primary acute and chronic complications of TCE therapy and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Pelland
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU), Québec, QC G1V 0E8, Canada
| | - Mathilde Dumas
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | | | - Julie Côté
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU), Québec, QC G1V 0E8, Canada
| | | | - Dominic Duquette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU), Québec, QC G1V 0E8, Canada
| | - Rayan Kaedbey
- Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marc Lalancette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU), Québec, QC G1V 0E8, Canada
| | | | - Anna Nikonova
- McGill University Health Center (CUSM), Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michel Pavic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - April Shamy
- Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jean Roy
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Michael Sebag
- McGill University Health Center (CUSM), Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sabrina Trudel
- Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Greenfield Park, QC J4V 2H1, Canada
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2
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Bal S. Monumen-TAL progress in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. Lancet Haematol 2025; 12:e235-e236. [PMID: 40090351 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(25)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/18/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Zweegman S. Supportive care in myeloma-when treating the clone alone is not enough. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2024; 2024:569-581. [PMID: 39643986 PMCID: PMC11665544 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2024000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
The overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma has increased over recent decades. This trend is anticipated to further advance with the emergence of T-cell-redirecting therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy and T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies. Despite these therapeutic improvements, treatment-related adverse events impede quality of life. This underscores the imperative of optimizing supportive care strategies to maximize treatment outcomes. Such optimization is crucial not only for patient well-being but also for treatment adherence, which may translate into long-term disease control. We here describe a) how to prevent bone disease, b) a risk-adapted thrombosis prophylaxis approach, c) the management of on-target, off-tumor toxicity of G-protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D-targeting T-cell-redirecting therapies, and d) infectious prophylaxis, with a focus on infections during T-cell-redirecting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Pan D, Richter J. Management of Toxicities Associated with BCMA, GPRC5D, and FcRH5-Targeting Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024; 19:237-245. [PMID: 39145912 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-024-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The introduction of bispecific antibodies is one of the most significant recent advances in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. This review will summarize the management of the toxicities associated with newly approved T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies and those which may be approved in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous trials have shown that bispecific antibodies can be both effective and tolerable when adverse events are properly managed. Cytokine release syndrome and increased infections are observed across all bispecific antibodies. Additional adverse events are target-specific, such as the more severe hypogammaglobulinemia and infections of BCMA bispecific antibodies and the dysgeusia, nail dystrophy, and skin changes of GPRC5D bispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies will surely become a mainstay of multiple myeloma therapy given their efficacy and accessibility. Their unique toxicities must be carefully considered and managed to ensure they are utilized safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Pan
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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van de Donk NW, Rasche L, Sidana S, Zweegman S, Garfall AL. T Cell-Redirecting Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Optimal Dosing Schedule and Duration of Treatment. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:388-399. [PMID: 39321136 PMCID: PMC11528190 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-24-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) induce significant responses in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma. BsAbs are currently administered in a dose-dense manner until disease progression. However, continuous therapy is associated with safety concerns, including a high risk of infections and high costs. In addition, chronic exposure to BsAbs, and thus long-term T-cell stimulation, induces T-cell exhaustion, which may contribute to relapse. There is increasing evidence that the strategy of induction treatment followed by maintenance with longer intervals between BsAb doses, or limited treatment duration with cessation of therapy in patients who achieve deep remission, improves the balance between toxicity and efficacy. Significance: There is increasing evidence that after initial debulking, less-frequent BsAb administration mitigates T-cell exhaustion and minimizes the potential for chronic or cumulative toxicity while maintaining durable clinical responses. In addition, specific patient subsets may experience an extended treatment-free period following fixed-duration treatment. Fixed-duration treatment may, therefore, decrease cumulative toxicities and the burden on patients and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels W.C.J. van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Rasche
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Surbhi Sidana
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred L. Garfall
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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An JY, Pan MM, Ouyang HY, Mi JQ. [Research progress in targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2024; 45:883-888. [PMID: 39414618 PMCID: PMC11518913 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20240322-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by the abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells, accounting for 10% of all hematologic cancers. In recent years, with the development and application of targeted drugs, a significant progress has been observed in the treatment methods of MM, but patients still face the challenges of relapse and drug resistance. Moreover, G protein-coupled receptor class C Group 5 member D (GPRC5D) is highly expressed in MM cells independently of B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and is a highly promising target following BCMA. Aside from emphasizing the therapeutic efficacy and safety of targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of MM, this study also provides a prospective view on the mechanisms of drug resistance and relapse associated with GPRC5D-targeted therapies, as well as the timing of sequential or combined treatment strategies involving the dual targeting of both GPRC5D and BCMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y An
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - M M Pan
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H Y Ouyang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J Q Mi
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai 200025, China
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Mansilla-Polo M, Martín-Torregrosa D, Martínez-Cozar V, Arnao-Herraiz M, Botella-Estrada R. Dermatological toxicities of talquetamab, a new bispecific antibody: case series and literature review. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:1282-1286. [PMID: 39094121 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mansilla-Polo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Martín-Torregrosa
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mario Arnao-Herraiz
- Hematology Department. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Botella-Estrada
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Heerma van Voss MR, Molenaar RJ, Korst CLBM, Bartelink IH, Baglio SR, Kruyswijk S, de Ruijter M, Zweegman S, Kuipers MT, van de Donk NWCJ. T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody treatment in multiple myeloma: current knowledge and future strategies for sustained T-cell engagement. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:889-901. [PMID: 39185748 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2397436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) or G-protein - coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), are efficacious new agents for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory MM. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety profile of T-cell redirecting BsAbs in MM, with a special focus on their optimal dosing schedule, resistance mechanisms and future strategies to enhance efficacy, reduce toxicity, and maximize duration of response. EXPERT OPINION To further improve the efficacy of BsAbs, ongoing studies are investigating whether combination therapy can enhance depth and duration of response. An important open question is also to what extent response to BsAbs can be improved when these agents are used in earlier lines of therapy. In addition, more evidence is needed on rational de-intensification strategies of BsAb dosing upon achieving a sufficient response, and if (temporary) treatment cessation is possible in patients who have achieved a deep remission (e.g. complete response or minimal residual disease-negative status).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise R Heerma van Voss
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L B M Korst
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imke H Bartelink
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena R Baglio
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Kruyswijk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Ruijter
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T Kuipers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Braun A, Gouni S, Pulles A, Strati P, Minnema MC, Budde LE. Bispecific Antibody Use in Patients With Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e433516. [PMID: 38935881 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_433516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This article endeavors to navigate the clinical journey of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), from elucidating common toxicities and management strategies to examining novel agents and broadening access in community health care. These drugs, commonly through T-cell activation, result in shared adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Variations in target antigens and designs, however, might introduce unique toxicities for different BsAbs, warranting specific management approaches. Recent US Food and Drug Administration approvals of BsAbs targeting CD3+ T cells linked to CD20 for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and to B-cell maturation antigen or GPRC5D for multiple myeloma have transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. Emerging new agents promise further enhancement and safety, exploring novel antigen targets, innovative structures such as trispecific antibodies, and the engagement of diverse immune cells. Simultaneously, the expansion of BsAbs into community practices is underway, demanding a multifaceted strategy that encompasses educational initiatives, operational adaptations, and collaborative frameworks. This ensures comprehensive treatment access, allowing every patient, irrespective of geographical or socioeconomic status, to benefit from these advancements in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Braun
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Astrid Pulles
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Strati
- MD Anderson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chen LY, Kothari J. Supportive care measures for bispecific T-cell engager therapies in haematological malignancies. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:92-99. [PMID: 38652455 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bispecific T-cell engager (TCE) therapies are revolutionising the treatment of several haematological malignancies, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, various subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Due to their unique mode of action in activating endogenous T cells, they are associated with several important early side effects, including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. In addition, TCEs can cause target-specific toxicities and carry a significant risk of infection. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, supportive care measures for TCEs have largely been inferred from other T-cell therapies, such as CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor) therapy. Further research into TCE-specific supportive care measures is needed to improve the tolerability of these therapies for patients. A key question moving forward is understanding how to predict and minimise early toxicity (cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome). Associated infection risk is a significant cause of patient morbidity, therefore a better understanding of how to optimise TCE-dosing and prophylactic measures, such as intravenous immunoglobulin and antimicrobials, will be crucial to achieving an improved balance of toxicity and efficacy. Enabling early outpatient delivery of these therapies to select patients at lower risk of toxicity may also help to improve patient experience and quality of life. SUMMARY Here we review up-to-date guidance and literature on existing supportive care measures for bispecific TCE therapy-related toxicities. We highlight both unique and serious side effects of TCE therapies that require improved management strategies to enable more patients to benefit from these efficacious drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Y Chen
- Department of Haematology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford
- Haematology Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaimal Kothari
- Haematology Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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