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Gambaro K, Quinn MCJ, Cáceres-Gorriti KY, Shapiro RS, Provencher D, Rahimi K, Mes-Masson AM, Tonin PN. Low levels of IGFBP7 expression in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is associated with patient outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:135. [PMID: 25886299 PMCID: PMC4381406 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been suggested to act as a tumour suppressor gene in various human cancers, yet its role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not yet been investigated. We previously observed that IGFBP7 was one of several genes found significantly upregulated in an EOC cell line model rendered non-tumourigenic as consequence of genetic manipulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of IGFBP7 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC), the most common type of EOC. METHODS We analysed IGFBP7 gene expression in 11 normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (NOSE), 79 high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC), and seven EOC cell lines using a custom gene expression array platform. IGFBP7 mRNA expression profiles were also extracted from publicly available databases. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of 175 HGSC and 10 normal fallopian tube samples using tissue microarray and related to disease outcome. We used EOC cells to investigate possible mechanisms of gene inactivation and describe various in vitro growth effects of exposing EOC cell lines to human recombinant IGFBP7 protein and conditioned media. RESULTS All HGSCs exhibited IGFBP7 expression levels that were significantly (p = 0.001) lower than the mean of the expression value of NOSE samples and that of a whole ovary sample. IGFBP7 gene and protein expression were lower in tumourigenic EOC cell lines relative to a non-tumourigenic EOC cell line. None of the EOC cell lines harboured a somatic mutation in IGFBP7, although loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the IGFBP7 locus and epigenetic methylation silencing of the IGFBP7 promoter was observed in two of the cell lines exhibiting loss of gene/protein expression. In vitro functional assays revealed an alteration of the EOC cell migration capacity. Protein expression analysis of HGSC samples revealed that the large majority of tumour cores (72.6%) showed low or absence of IGFBP7 staining and revealed a significant correlation between IGFBP7 protein expression and a prolonged overall survival (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION The low levels of IGFPB7 in HGSC relative to normal tissues, and association with survival are consistent with a purported role in tumour suppressor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gambaro
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Katia Y Cáceres-Gorriti
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada. .,Department of Obstetric-Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2L 4M1, Canada.
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Patricia N Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Site Glen Pavillion Block E, Cancer Research Program E026217 (cubicle E), Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Zhu S, Xu F, Zhang J, Ruan W, Lai M. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:23-32. [PMID: 24513543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) belongs to the IGFBP family whose members have a conserved structural homology. It has a low affinity for IGFs and a high affinity for insulin, suggesting that IGFBP-rP1 may have a biological function distinct from other members of the family. IGFBP-rP1 is ubiquitously expressed in normal human tissues and has diverse biological functions, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and senescence; it may also have a key role in vascular biology. Increasing evidence suggests that IGFBP-rP1 acts as a tumor suppressor. It elicits its biological effects by both insulin/IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure and regulation of IGFBP-rP1 and its various biological functions in cancer, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fangying Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjing Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchundong Road, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China.
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IGFBP7 is associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and is regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:775-82. [PMID: 24357797 PMCID: PMC3915137 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether silencing of IGFBP7 was associated with survival in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Protein expression of IGFBP7 was determined using immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray representing tumours from 65 patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma who had not had neoadjuvant therapy. DNA methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was determined with the melt curve analysis in cell lines and patient tissues. RESULTS Expression of IGFBP7 was observed in the oesophageal adenocarcinoma of 34 out of 65 (52%) patients and was associated with significantly reduced median (11 vs 92 months) and 5-year survival (25% vs 52%). Multivariate analysis identified expression as an independent prognostic indicator for survival (hazard ratio=3.24, 95% confidence interval=1.58-6.67, P-value=0.0014). Hypermethylation of IGFBP7 was associated with silencing of gene expression in cell lines and patient tissues (P-value=0.0225). Methylation was observed in the squamous mucosa of 2 out of 15 (13%) patients with Barrett's oesophagus and 3 out of 17 (18%) with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methylation was observed in 14 out of 18 (78%) of biopsies of Barrett's mucosa and 23 out of 34 (68%) patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Reduced IGFBP7 protein expression was associated with longer survival in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was associated with silencing of gene expression and was frequent in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Pen A, Moreno MJ, Durocher Y, Deb-Rinker P, Stanimirovic DB. Glioblastoma-secreted factors induce IGFBP7 and angiogenesis by modulating Smad-2-dependent TGF-beta signaling. Oncogene 2008; 27:6834-44. [PMID: 18711401 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a selective biomarker of glioblastoma (GBM) vessels, strongly expressed in tumor endothelial cells and vascular basement membrane. IGFBP7 gene regulation and its potential role in tumor angiogenesis remain unclear. Mechanisms of IGFBP7 induction and its angiogenic capacity were examined in human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) exposed to tumor-like conditions. HBEC treated with GBM cell (U87MG)-conditioned media (-CM) exhibited fourfold upregulation of IGFBP7 mRNA and protein compared to control cells. IGFBP7 gene regulation in HBEC was methylation independent. U87MG-CM analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay contained approximately 5 pM transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, a concentration sufficient to stimulate IGFBP7 in HBEC to similar levels as U87MG-CM. Both pan-TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody (1D11) and the TGF-beta1 receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) antagonist, SB431542, blocked U87MG-CM-induced IGFBP7 expression in HBEC, indicating that TGF-beta1 is an important tumor-secreted effector capable of IGFBP7 induction in endothelial cells. HBEC exposed to either U87MG-CM or IGFBP7 protein exhibited increased capillary-like tube (CLT) formation in Matrigel. Both TGF-beta1- and U87MG-CM-induced Smad-2 phosphorylation and U87MG-CM-induced CLT formation in HBEC were inhibited by the ALK5 antagonist, SB431542. These data suggest that proangiogenic IGFBP7 may be induced in brain endothelial cells by TGF-betas secreted by GBM, most likely through TGF-beta1/ALK5/Smad-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pen
- Cerebrovascular Research Group, Neurobiology Program, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sato Y, Chen Z, Miyazaki K. Strong suppression of tumor growth by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 1/tumor-derived cell adhesion factor/mac25. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1055-63. [PMID: 17465992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) has been shown to induce cellular senescence or apoptosis of breast and prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. To examine whether IGFBP-rP1 acts as a tumor-suppressive protein in vivo, we established two model systems. Expression of IGFBP-rP1 in the human bladder carcinoma cell line EJ-1 was blocked by RNA interference. Human colon cancer cell line DLD-1, which did not express endogenous IGFBP-rP1, was transfected with an IGFBP-rP1 expression vector. When injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously into nude mice, the IGFBP-rP1-expressing EJ-1 and DLD-1 cell lines grew poorly, whereas the IGFBP-rP1 non-producers grew rapidly and produced large tumors. In monolayer culture the IGFBP-rP1 producers and non-producers grew similarly in each model, whereas in soft agar culture the former produced far less colonies than the latter. The IGFBP-rP1 producers had IGFBP-rP1 bound to the cell surface, and adhered more efficiently to fibronectin and laminin-5 than the respective non-producers. Expression of IGFBP-rP1 did not affect the efficiency of insulin signaling. These results demonstrate that IGFBP-rP1 strongly suppresses tumor growth by an insulin-independent or insulin-like growth factor-independent mechanism. Cell surface IGFBP-rP1 may reduce the anchorage-independent growth ability, leading to the marked loss of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Sato
- Division of Cell Biology, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
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Ye F, Chen Y, Knösel T, Schlüns K, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, Deutschmann N, Lai M, Petersen I. Decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 in human colorectal carcinoma is related to DNA methylation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 133:305-14. [PMID: 17136345 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) is considered a tumor suppressor in various cancers, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. The aims of this study were to analyze the IGFBP-7 expression, and explore the mechanism responsible for the inactivation of IGFBP-7 in CRC. METHODS mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis of cultured cells. Methylation status was analyzed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine followed by sequencing of PCR products of sodium bisulfite-treated genomic DNA. IGFBP-7 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays. RESULTS mRNA expression was lost in six out of eight CRC cell lines as compared to normal colon cells. DNA methylation was found in the region of exon 1 and intron 1 of IGFBP-7. In tumor tissue, 107 out of 279 samples showed a negative expression of IGFBP-7 by IHC, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis. The analysis of 37 paired cancerous and normal mucosa samples confirmed the downregulation in the tumors, but revealed variable basal expression levels of IGFBP-7 in normal mucosal samples. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation is a mechanism responsible for IGFBP-7 gene silencing providing a target for therapeutic intervention of this tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine Berlin-Campus Mitte, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Nasrallah R, Hébert RL. Prostacyclin signaling in the kidney: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289:F235-46. [PMID: 16006589 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00454.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor pathways is key to the maintenance of homeostasis and the outcome of disease. In the kidney, prostaglandins (PGs) uphold this balance and regulate renal function: hemodynamics, renin secretion, growth responses, tubular transport processes, and cell fate. With the advent of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors, targeted deletions in mice (COX knockouts, PG receptor knockouts), and the discovery of intracrine signaling options for PGs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and perinuclear PGE2receptors: EP1,3,4), many advances have been made in the study of arachidonic acid metabolites. Although prostacyclin (PGI2) is a major product of the COX pathway, there is very little emphasis on its importance to the kidney. This review will discuss PGI2biology and its relevance to different aspects of renal disease (growth, fibrosis, apoptosis), highlighting the most significant research from the past decade of PGI2literature, what we have learned from other organ systems, while stressing the significance of cross talk between various PGI2signaling pathways and its implications for renal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nasrallah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Chakrabarti R, Robles LD, Gibson J, Muroski M. Profiling of differential expression of messenger RNA in normal, benign, and metastatic prostate cell lines. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 139:115-25. [PMID: 12550771 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand the phenotypic changes associated with prostate cancer development and metastasis, we investigated differential gene expression in primary and established prostate cell lines used as models. We have used a differential display of messenger RNA (DDRT-PCR) technique using 168 primer combinations and total RNA from BPH-1, LNCaP, and PC3 cells to identify filter-based cDNA microarrays containing 18,376 nonredundant clones of genes and expressed sequence tags (EST) using mRNA from PrEC and MDAPCa2a cells to identify genes that are differentially expressed in normal, benign, and cancerous prostate cell lines. Twenty-five cDNA with a significant difference in expression of 76 candidate cDNA, as identified by DDRT-PCR and confirmed by slot-blot analysis, were selected for sequence analysis. Of these, 14 cDNA were further confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Analysis of the cDNA microarray data showed that a variety of genes/EST were up- or down-regulated in the metastatic prostate tumor cells and a majority of these genes encode cytoskeletal proteins and proteins with regulatory function. Expression profile of two EST was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also have identified a number of genes exhibiting differential expression in prostate cancer cells, which were not known earlier to be involved in prostate cancer. This report provides a comparative analysis of differential gene expression between normal prostatic epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells, and a foundation to facilitate in-depth studies on the mechanism of prostate cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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Adachi Y, Itoh F, Yamamoto H, Arimura Y, Kikkawa-Okabe Y, Miyazaki K, Carbone DP, Imai K. Expression of angiomodulin (tumor-derived adhesion factor/mac25) in invading tumor cells correlates with poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2001; 95:216-22. [PMID: 11400113 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20010720)95:4<216::aid-ijc1037>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Angiomodulin (tumor-derived adhesion factor/mac25/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7), a cell-adhesive glycoprotein, is secreted by cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. It may be involved in angiogenesis and modulation of the vascular functions necessary for tumor development. Although angiomodulin is expressed in colon cancer, there is limited information on it concerning cancer progression. In the present immunohistochemical study, we examined expression of angiomodulin in human colorectal cancer and its relationship with prognosis. A group of 89 surgically resected colorectal cancers was investigated immunohistochemically. In 37 cases (41.6%), angiomodulin was expressed in invading cancer cells. Early recurrence within 12 months after surgery was higher in patients with angiomodulin-expressing cancer than in those without (p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier life table revealed that patients with angiomodulin-positive tumor cells had a shorter survival time than those with negative cells (p < 0.01). The prognosis of patients with Dukes' C and angiomodulin-positive cells was apparently worse than that of patients with Dukes' D and angiomodulin-negative cells. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression indicated that only angiomodulin expression in cancer cells, lymph node metastasis and age remained significant prognostic variables for survival (p < 0.05). Angiomodulin showed correlations with poor prognosis, indicating that it may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Adachi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Hata Y, Clermont A, Yamauchi T, Pierce EA, Suzuma I, Kagokawa H, Yoshikawa H, Robinson GS, Ishibashi T, Hashimoto T, Umeda F, Bursell SE, Aiello LP. Retinal expression, regulation, and functional bioactivity of prostacyclin-stimulating factor. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:541-50. [PMID: 10953029 PMCID: PMC380244 DOI: 10.1172/jci8338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/1999] [Accepted: 07/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin-stimulating factor (PSF) acts on vascular endothelial cells to stimulate the synthesis of the vasodilatory molecule prostacyclin (PGI2). We have examined the expression, regulation, and hemodynamic bioactivity of PSF both in whole retina and in cultured cells derived from this tissue. PSF was expressed in all retinal cell types examined in vitro, but immunohistochemical analysis revealed PSF mainly associated with retinal vessels. PSF expression was constitutive in retinal pericytes (RPCs) but could be modulated in bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (RECs) by cell confluency, hypoxia, serum starvation, high glucose concentrations, or inversely by soluble factors present in early vs. late retinopathy, such as TGF-beta, VEGF, or bFGF. In addition, RPC-conditioned media dramatically increased REC PGI2 production, a response inhibited by blocking PSF with a specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). In vivo, PGI2 increased retinal blood flow (RBF) in control and diabetic animals. Furthermore, the early drop in RBF during the initial weeks after inducing diabetes in rats, as well as the later increase in RBF, both correlated with levels of retinal PSF. RBF also responded to treatment with RPC-conditioned media, and this effect could be partially blocked using the antisense PSF ODN. We conclude that PSF expressed by ocular cells can induce PGI2, retinal vascular dilation, and increased retinal blood flow, and that alterations in retinal PSF expression may explain the biphasic changes in RBF observed in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hata
- Research Division, Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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