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Xue G, Zhang R, Chen Y, Xu W, Zhang C. Glucose Sensor Design Based on Monte Carlo Simulation. BIOSENSORS 2025; 15:17. [PMID: 39852068 PMCID: PMC11763743 DOI: 10.3390/bios15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring based on the minimally invasive implantation of glucose sensor is characterized by high accuracy and good stability. At present, glucose concentration monitoring based on fluorescent glucose capsule sensor is a new development trend. In this paper, we design a fluorescent glucose capsule sensor with a design optimization study. The motion trajectory of incident light in the fluorescent gel layer is simulated based on the Monte Carlo method, and the cloud maps of light intensity with the light intensity distribution at the light-receiving layer are plotted. Altering the density of fluorescent molecules, varying the thickness of tissue layers, and adjusting the angle of incidence deflection, the study investigates the influence of these parameter changes on the optimal position of reflected light at the bottom. Finally, the simulation results were utilized to design and fabricate a fluorescent glucose capsule sensor. Rabbit subcutaneous tissue glucose level tests and real-time glucose solution concentration monitoring experiments were performed. This work contributes to the real-time monitoring of glucose levels and opens up new avenues for research on fabricating glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (G.X.); (W.X.)
- Intelligent Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (R.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (R.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (G.X.); (W.X.)
- Intelligent Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Changxing Zhang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (G.X.); (W.X.)
- Intelligent Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Daikuzono CM, Delaney C, Morrin A, Diamond D, Florea L, Oliveira ON. Paper based electronic tongue - a low-cost solution for the distinction of sugar type and apple juice brand. Analyst 2019; 144:2827-2832. [PMID: 30887969 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a low cost microfluidic electronic tongue (e-tongue) made with carbon interdigitated electrodes, printed on paper, and coated with boronic acid-containing hydrogels. Using capacitance measurements, the e-tongue was capable of distinguishing between different types of sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose and sucrose), in addition to distinguishing between commercial brands of apple juice using a small volume of sample (6 μL). The channels of the microfluidic e-tongue were made using a wax printer, and were modified with hydrogels containing acrylamide copolymerized with 5 or 20 mol% 3-(acrylamido) phenyl boronic acid (Am-PBA), or a crosslinked homopolymeric hydrogel based on N-(2-boronobenzyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate (DMA-PBA). Such hydrogels, containing a phenyl boronic acid (PBA) moiety, can bind saccharides. Combining various hydrogels of this nature in an e-tongue device enabled discrimination between apple juices, which are known to contain higher amounts of fructose compared to glucose or sucrose. Changes in capacitance were captured with impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz for solutions with varying concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose (from 0 to 0.056 g mL-1). The capacitance data were treated with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Interactive Document Map (IDMAP), which then correlated overall sugar content from different brands of apple juice. This low-cost, easy-to-use, disposable e-tongue offers great potential in the routine analysis of food and beverages, while offering comparative performance to alternatives in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane M Daikuzono
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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3
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Song ZL, Dai X, Li M, Teng H, Song Z, Xie D, Luo X. Biodegradable nanoprobe based on MnO2 nanoflowers and graphene quantum dots for near infrared fluorescence imaging of glutathione in living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:485. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Badugu R, Reece EA, Lakowicz JR. Glucose-sensitive silicone hydrogel contact lens toward tear glucose monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 29774672 PMCID: PMC5956140 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.057005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and reliable monitoring of blood glucose is needed for the treatment of diabetes, which has many challenges, including lack of patient compliance. Measuring tear glucose is an alternative to traditional finger-stick tests used to track blood sugar levels, but glucose sensing using tears has yet to be achieved. We report a methodology for possible tear glucose monitoring using glucose-sensitive silicone hydrogel (SiHG) contact lenses, the primary type of lenses available in today's market. Initially, we assessed the interpenetrating polymer network, with nearly pure silicone and water regions, existing in the SiHGs using a polarity-sensitive probe Prodan. We then synthesized a glucose-sensitive fluorophore Quin-C18 with a hydrophobic side chain for localization of probe at the interfacial region. Using our glucose-sensing contact lens, we were able to measure varying concentrations of glucose in an in-vitro system. The Quin-C18 strongly bound to the lenses with insignificant leaching even after multiple rinses. The lenses displayed a similar response to glucose after three months of storage in water. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to develop a contact lens for continuous glucose monitoring in the near term, using our concept of fluorophore binding at the silicone-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandram Badugu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Edward Albert Reece
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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5
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Yan Z, Xue M, He Q, Lu W, Meng Z, Yan D, Qiu L, Zhou L, Yu Y. A non-enzymatic urine glucose sensor with 2-D photonic crystal hydrogel. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8317-8323. [PMID: 27682838 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) sensing material for the detection of urine glucose was developed by embedding a two-dimensional (2-D) polystyrene crystalline colloidal array (CCA) in 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (3-APBA)-functionalized hydrogel. After adjusting the cross-linker concentration, this material showed significant sensitivity for glucose under lab conditions, the particle spacing of the PCCA changed from 917 to 824 nm (93 nm) within 3 min as the glucose concentration increased from 0 to 10 mM, and the structural color of the PCCA changed from red through orange, to green, and finally, to cyan. In further experiments, this material was used to semi-quantitatively detect glucose in 20 human urine (HU) samples. Compared with the traditional dry-chemistry method, which was applied widely in clinical diagnosis, the PCCA method was more accurate and cost-effective. Moreover, this method can efficiently avoid the errors induced by most of the urine-interfering elements like vitamin C and ketone body. With a homemade portable optical detector, this low-cost intelligent sensing material can provide a more convenient and efficient strategy for the urine glucose detection in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710004, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lijun Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street 5, Beijing, 100081, China
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6
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Li H, Sentic M, Ravaine V, Sojic N. Antagonistic effects leading to turn-on electrochemiluminescence in thermoresponsive hydrogel films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32697-32702. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Collapse of thermoresponsive films enhances the electrochemiluminescence signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- University of Bordeaux
- ISM
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Bordeaux INP
- Pessac
| | - Milica Sentic
- University of Bordeaux
- ISM
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Bordeaux INP
- Pessac
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux
- ISM
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Bordeaux INP
- Pessac
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7
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Vancoillie G, Hoogenboom R. Synthesis and polymerization of boronic acid containing monomers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the most commonly used methods for the synthesis of phenylboronic acid-(co)polymers ranging from simple straightforward polymerization to complex post-polymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan Vancoillie
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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8
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Denisov SA, Pinaud F, Chambaud M, Lapeyre V, Catargi B, Sojic N, McClenaghan ND, Ravaine V. Saccharide-induced modulation of photoluminescence lifetime in microgels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16812-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-responsive microgels based on boronic acid derivative and incorporating [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a luminescent reporter, exhibit very long lifetimes and unusually high quantum yields, which decrease upon saccharide addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Denisov
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - F. Pinaud
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - M. Chambaud
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - V. Lapeyre
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - B. Catargi
- University of Bordeaux
- CBMN Department
- Pessac
- France
| | - N. Sojic
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - N. D. McClenaghan
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - V. Ravaine
- University of Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- 33607 Pessac
- France
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9
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Pinaud F, Millereux R, Vialar-Trarieux P, Catargi B, Pinet S, Gosse I, Sojic N, Ravaine V. Differential Photoluminescent and Electrochemiluminescent Behavior for Resonance Energy Transfer Processes in Thermoresponsive Microgels. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12954-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pinaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Romain Millereux
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Vialar-Trarieux
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bogdan Catargi
- CBMN UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Allée de Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sandra Pinet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Gosse
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Ravaine
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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10
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11
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Zhang X, Gao C, Lü S, Duan H, Jing N, Dong D, Shi C, Liu M. Anti-photobleaching flower-like microgels as optical nanobiosensors with high selectivity at physiological conditions for continuous glucose monitoring. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5452-5460. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chen CY, Chen CT. Reaction-based and single fluorescent emitter decorated ratiometric nanoprobe to detect hydrogen peroxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:16050-7. [PMID: 24123627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel reaction-based cross-linked polymeric nanoprobe with a self-calibrating ratiometric fluorescence readout to selectively detect H2O2 is reported. The polymeric nanoprobe is fabricated by using hydrophobic H2O2-reactive boronic ester groups, crosslinker units, and environmentally sensitive 3-hydroxyflavone fluorophores through a miniemulsion polymerization. On treatment with H2O2, the boronic esters in the polymer are cleaved to form hydrophilic alcohols and subsequently lead to a hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition. Covalently linked 3-hydroxyflavones manifest the change in polarity as a ratiometric transition from green to blue, accompanied by a 500-fold increase in volume. Furthermore, this nanoprobe has been used for ratiometric sensing of glucose by monitoring the H2O2 generated during the oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase, and thus successfully distinguished between normal and pathological levels of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 2-23636359
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13
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Guan Y, Zhang Y. Boronic acid-containing hydrogels: synthesis and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8106-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Carbohydrate biomarkers play very important roles in a wide range of biological and pathological processes. Compounds that can specifically recognize a carbohydrate biomarker are useful for targeted delivery of imaging agents and for development of new diagnostics. Furthermore, such compounds could also be candidates for the development of therapeutic agents. A tremendous amount of active work on synthetic lectin mimics has been reported in recent years. Amongst all the synthetic lectins, boronic-acid-based lectins (boronolectins) have shown great promise. Along this line, four classes of boronolectins including peptide-, nucleic-acid-, polymer-, and small-molecule-based ones are discussed with a focus on the design principles and recent advances. We hope that by presenting the potentials of this field, this review will stimulate more research in this area.
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Roy D, Sumerlin BS. Glucose-Sensitivity of Boronic Acid Block Copolymers at Physiological pH. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:529-532. [PMID: 35607054 DOI: 10.1021/mz300047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined boronic acid block copolymers were demonstrated to exhibit glucose-responsive disassembly at physiological pH. A boronic acid-containing acrylamide monomer with an electron-withdrawing substituent on the pendant phenylboronic acid moiety was polymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to yield a polymer with a boronic acid pKa = 8.2. Below this value, a block copolymer of this monomer with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) self-assembled into aggregates. Addition of base to yield a pH > pKa or addition of glucose at pH = 7.4 resulted in aggregate dissociation that may prove promising for controlled delivery applications under physiological relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue,
Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue,
Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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Bratlie KM, York RL, Invernale MA, Langer R, Anderson DG. Materials for diabetes therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:267-84. [PMID: 23184741 PMCID: PMC3899887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the materials and methods used to fabricate closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy. Herein, we give a brief overview of current methods used for patient care and discuss two types of possible treatments and the materials used for these therapies-(i) artificial pancreases, comprised of insulin producing cells embedded in a polymeric biomaterial, and (ii) totally synthetic pancreases formulated by integrating continuous glucose monitors with controlled insulin release through degradable polymers and glucose-responsive polymer systems. Both the artificial and the completely synthetic pancreas have two major design requirements: the device must be both biocompatible and be permeable to small molecules and proteins, such as insulin. Several polymers and fabrication methods of artificial pancreases are discussed: microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets. We also review the two components of a completely synthetic pancreas. Several types of glucose sensing systems (including materials used for electrochemical, optical, and chemical sensing platforms) are discussed, in addition to various polymer-based release systems (including ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, and phenylboronic acid containing hydrogels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger L. York
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A. Invernale
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Building E25-342, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Building E25-342, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Ancla C, Lapeyre V, Gosse I, Catargi B, Ravaine V. Designed glucose-responsive microgels with selective shrinking behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12693-12701. [PMID: 21892832 DOI: 10.1021/la202910k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of various glucose-responsive microgels based on N-alkylacrylamide derivatives and phenylboronic acid (PBA) as a glucose sensing moiety. Depending on their chemical composition, the microgels exhibit opposite behaviors in response to glucose concentration increase: they can either swell or shrink, using two different mechanisms for glucose recognition. Both behaviors may be suitable for glucose sensing and insulin delivery. When glucose binds a single boronate receptor, the microgel swells as glucose concentration increases. This mechanism can be used to deliver a drug by diffusion through the network. In other cases, glucose binds specifically to two boronates, which creates additional cross-links within the network and provokes shrinkage. Such systems are promising for the development of sensors with improved selectivity and also as potential "intelligent" valves in microfabricated delivery systems. By a rational choice of the constituting units of the network structure, we show how to favor one or the other type of response to glucose variation. Therefore, glucose-swelling microgels operating under physiological conditions have been obtained by copolymerization with an appropriate choice of alkylacrylamide monomer and boronate derivative. At a pH above the pK(a) of the boronic acid derivative, the same structures shrink in response to glucose concentration. The nature of the cross-linker is a key parameter to enable this dual behavior. In other microgels, an amine group is introduced in the vicinity of the boronic acid, which lowers its pK(a) and favors microgel contraction at physiological pH. This work has allowed us to give some general rules to control the swelling/shrinking behavior of glucose-responsive microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ancla
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ENSCBP, Université Bordeaux, 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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18
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Egawa Y, Seki T, Takahashi S, Anzai JI. Electrochemical and optical sugar sensors based on phenylboronic acid and its derivatives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wu Q, Wang L, Yu H, Wang J, Chen Z. Organization of glucose-responsive systems and their properties. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7855-75. [PMID: 21902252 DOI: 10.1021/cr200027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Thammakhet C, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. Development of an on-column affinity smart polymer gel glucose sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 695:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Wang D, Liu T, Yin J, Liu S. Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescent Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels Labeled with Phenylboronic Acid Moieties as Multifunctional Ratiometric Probes for Glucose and Temperatures. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Cash KJ, Clark HA. Nanosensors and nanomaterials for monitoring glucose in diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:584-93. [PMID: 20869318 PMCID: PMC2996880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes is a rapidly growing problem that is managed at the individual level by monitoring and controlling blood glucose levels to minimize the negative effects of the disease. Because of limitations in diagnostic methods, significant research efforts are focused on developing improved methods to measure glucose. Nanotechnology has impacted these efforts by increasing the surface area of sensors, improving the catalytic properties of electrodes and providing nanoscale sensors. Here, we discuss developments in the past several years on both nanosensors that directly measure glucose and nanomaterials that improve glucose sensor function. Finally, we discuss challenges that must be overcome to apply these developments in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Cash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Heather A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
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23
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Injectable hydrogel microbeads for fluorescence-based in vivo continuous glucose monitoring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17894-8. [PMID: 20921374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006911107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent microbeads hold great promise for in vivo continuous glucose monitoring with wireless transdermal transmission and long-lasting activity. The full potential of fluorescent microbeads has yet to be realized due to insufficient intensity for transdermal transmission and material toxicity. This paper illustrates the highly-sensitive, biostable, long-lasting, and injectable fluorescent microbeads for in vivo continuous glucose monitoring. We synthesized a fluorescent monomer composed of glucose-recognition sites, a fluorogenic site, spacers, and polymerization sites. The spacers are designed to be long and hydrophilic for increasing opportunities to bind glucose molecules; consequently, the fluorescent monomers enable high-intensive responsiveness to glucose. We then fabricated injectable-sized fluorescent polyacrylamide hydrogel beads with high uniformity and high throughput. We found that our fluorescent beads provide sufficient intensity to transdermally monitor glucose concentrations in vivo. The fluorescence intensity successfully traced the blood glucose concentration fluctuation, indicating our method has potential uses in highly-sensitive and minimally invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring.
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