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Kafili-Hajlari T, Naseri A, Ansarin A, Rasoulzadeh F. Technical approaches for breath aldehyde biomarker detection and disease diagnosis: A review. Anal Biochem 2025; 702:115841. [PMID: 40113023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2025.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis holds promise as a non-invasive approach for disease diagnosis. Aldehydes represent a class of volatile organic compounds with diagnostic potential as breath biomarkers for cancers and other conditions. However, aldehydes exist at low concentrations in breath and have stability challenges. This review summarizes recent studies on breath aldehyde analysis, focusing on sample collection methodology, analytical techniques implemented, and key findings regarding aldehyde alterations in disease. Breath collection methods examined include commercial bags, end-tidal sampling devices, condensates, and direct analysis. Analytical techniques evaluated gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and microextraction approaches. Emerging microextraction and sensing technologies are advancing real-time, non-invasive aldehyde detection. Overall, breath aldehyde biomarkers offer immense potential for diagnosis and screening, but continued research is needed to address current limitations. This review provides insights to guide future efforts focused on exhaled aldehyde analysis and disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Kafili-Hajlari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabri, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabri, Iran; Research Center of New Material and Green Chemistry, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street Baku, AZ1096, Azerbaijan.
| | - Atefeh Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Rasoulzadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Azorín C, López-Juan AL, Aparisi F, Benedé JL, Chisvert A. Determination of hexanal and heptanal in saliva samples by an adapted magnetic headspace adsorptive microextraction for diagnosis of lung cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1271:341435. [PMID: 37328243 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an analytical method for the determination of two endogenous aldehydes (hexanal and heptanal) as lung cancer biomarkers in saliva samples is presented for the first time. The method is based on a modification of magnetic headspace adsorptive microextraction (M-HS-AME) followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, an external magnetic field generated by a neodymium magnet is used to hold the magnetic sorbent (i.e., CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles embedded into a reversed-phase polymer) in the headspace of a microtube to extract the volatilized aldehydes. Subsequently, the analytes are desorbed in the appropriate solvent and the extract is injected into the GC-MS system for separation and determination. Under the optimized conditions, the method was validated and showed good analytical features in terms of linearity (at least up to 50 ng mL-1), limits of detection (0.22 and 0.26 ng mL-1 for hexanal and heptanal, respectively), and repeatability (RSD ≤12%). This new approach was successfully applied to saliva samples from healthy volunteers and those with lung cancer, obtaining notably differences between both groups. These results reveal the prospect of the method as potential diagnostic tool for lung cancer by saliva analysis. This work contributes to the Analytical Chemistry field presenting a double novelty: on the one hand, the use of M-HS-AME in bioanalysis is unprecedentedly proposed, thus expanding the analytical potential of this technique, and, on the other hand, the determination of hexanal and heptanal is carried out in saliva samples for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Azorín
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu L López-Juan
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Aparisi
- Medical Oncology service. Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit (UBYMP). La Fe Hospital. La Fe Health Research Institute (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan L Benedé
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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MOF-199-based coatings as SPME fiber for measurement of volatile organic compounds in air samples: Optimization of in situ deposition parameters. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hao QL, Yu LQ, Yang XQ, Xu RT, Lv YK. Two-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from g-C 3N 4 /ZIF-8 for Solid-Phase Microextraction in Exhalation of Esophageal Cancer Patients. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5990-5997. [PMID: 36689469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, two-dimensional (2D) nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CNSs) were prepared through carbonizing MOFs (ZIF-8) in-situ grown using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a template. The developed ZIF-8 CNS was then used as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating for beneficiation of five biomarkers in exhalation of patients with esophageal cancer and in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination. The ZIF-8 CNS fiber exhibits satisfactory enrichment factors (3490-5631), wide linearity (5-1000 μg L-1), and low detection limits (0.26-0.96 μg L-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for six replicate extractions of the same ZIF-8 CNS fiber were between 2.0-3.9% (intra-day) and 2.8-5.2% (inter-day). The reproducibility of three fibers prepared by the same approach was in the range 6.8-12.3% (RSD). The developed ZIF-8 CNS fiber can persist in 120 SPME cycles with no prominent loss of extraction efficiency and precision. The high enrichment factors of the 2D ZIF-8 CNS coatings are attributed to the high specific surface area, ultrathin thickness, and nano-pore or interlayer channels; moreover, nitrogen doping also endows the π system with a strong electron absorption ability, which will enhance the π-π interaction between the ZIF-8 CNS and the aromatic ring. Ultimately, the self-made ZIF-8 CNS-coated SPME fiber was applied to the analysis of exhaled breath samples. The recoveries of spiked analytes are between 84 and 105%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Li-Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Rui-Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Jiang XX, Sun YN, Zhang C, Yang Z, Yu LQ, Lv YK. Synthesis of SiO2@MOF-199 as a Fiber Coating for Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalates in Plastic Bottled Milk. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gashimova EM, Temerdashev AZ, Porkhanov VA, Polyakov IS, Perunov DV. Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Biomarkers of Lung Cancer: Advances and Potential Problems. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482207005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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A review on preparation methods and applications of metal–organic framework-based solid-phase microextraction coatings. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Soufi G, Bagher H, Yeganeh Rad L, Minaeian S. Perylene diimide-POSS network for semi selective solid-phase microextraction of lung cancer biomarkers in exhaled breath. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jiang XX, Yu LQ, Sun YN, Li Y, Li HM, Lv YK. Hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 coated stainless steel fiber for solid phase microextraction of volatile biomarkers in headspace gas of breast cancer cell lines. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338901. [PMID: 34556209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we reported the preparation of the hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 (ZIF-7) via etching ZIF-7 with tannic acid, and further fabricated the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber for the solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the five volatile biomarkers (acetone, isopropanol, hexanal, hexanol and decanal) generated from breast cancer cell lines. The hollow structure not only endowed higher extraction performance for the SPME of analytes, but also improved the diffusion rate of the analytes inside the hollow ZIF-7. Under the optimal conditions, the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber offered high extraction capacity (25-153 mg g-1) and enhancement factors (EFs, 2023-11250) for the five biomarkers, good linearity (R2 > 0.9918) of acetone and isopropanol (2.5-500 μg L-1) and hexanol, hexanal, and decanal (1.0-100 μg L-1), low limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.07-0.53 μg L-1 and the limit of quantifications (LOQs, S/N = 10) of 0.23-1.76 μg L-1. The precisions (RSDs, %) for intra-day (n = 6), inter-day (n = 5) and fiber-to-fiber (n = 6) were 2.8-7.5%, 4.3-8.5%, and 4.2-14.6%, respectively. The high EFs of the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber for the five biomarkers resulted from the integrated effects of the large surface area, the unique porous structure, hydrophobic interaction, gate-opening effect, and enhanced properties after etching including faster mass transport, multiple active components, and more exposed active sites. The fabricated hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber lasted at least 140 cycles of extraction/desorption/aging without obvious decrease of extraction ability and no change of crystal structure. Finally, the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber combined with GC-FID had been successfully used to detect the five biomarkers in the headspace gas of human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and normal mammary cell lines (CCD-1095Sk) with the recoveries of 84-105%. These results revealed the prospect of hollow MOFs as efficient adsorbents for sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Li-Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Yue-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Ma MY, Yu LQ, Wang SW, Meng Y, Lv YK. Hybrid ZIF-8-90 for Selective Solid-Phase Microextraction of Exhaled Breath from Gastric Cancer Patients. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3608-3613. [PMID: 35014446 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new kind of microporous materials whose unique properties make them promising as coatings for solid phase microextraction (SPME). However, previous MOF coatings for SPME exclusively focus on single-linker MOFs, and the selective enrichment of polar or nonpolar targets depends on the polarity of linker on the surface of MOFs, which greatly limits the application of MOF coating for SPME in real samples. Here, we report a hybrid MOF-coated stainless steel fiber for SPME of biomarkers in exhaled breath from gastric cancer patients. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-90 (ZIF-8-90) possesses the aldehyde groups and methyl groups in the framework as a model MOF, and eight biomarkers (ethanol, acetone, hexanal, hexanol, nonane, isoprene, heptane, and decane) were used as the target analytes. The ZIF-8-90-coated fiber shows high enrichment efficiency for hydrophilic targets and hydrophobic targets, wide linearity (three orders of magnitude), and low detection limits (0.82-2.64 μg L-1). The ZIF-8-90-coated fiber exhibited higher enrichment performance for all the investigated analytes as a result of the synergy of methyl and aldehyde groups, the porous structure, and the suitable pore size of ZIF-8-90 (4-5 Å). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of six repetitions for extractions using the same ZIF-8-90-coated fiber ranged from 2.5 to 7.3%. The reproducibility between the three fibers prepared in parallel varied in the range of 4.8-12% (RSD). The fabricated ZIF-8-90-coated fiber lasted for at least 120 cycles of extraction/desorption/conditioning without an obvious reduction in extraction efficiency and precision. Finally, the developed ZIF-8-90-coated SPME fiber has been successfully used for the analysis of exhaled breath samples from gastric patients with satisfied recoveries (88-106%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Li-Qing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ying Meng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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Feng J, Feng J, Ji X, Li C, Han S, Sun H, Sun M. Recent advances of covalent organic frameworks for solid-phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Rodas M, Fikarová K, Pasanen F, Horstkotte B, Maya F. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in analytical sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:1203-1219. [PMID: 33369090 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks are a class of metal-organic frameworks that are topologically isomorphic with zeolites. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks are composed of tetrahedrally coordinated metal ions connected by imidazolate linkers and have a high porosity and chemical stability. Here, we summarize the progress made in the application of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in sample preparation for analytical purposes. This review is focused on analytical methods based on liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis, where the use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks has contributed to increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of the method. While bulk zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have been directly used in analytical sample preparation protocols, a variety of strategies for their magnetization or their incorporation into sorbent particles, monoliths, fibers, stir bars, or thin films, have been developed. These modifications have facilitated the handling and application of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for a number of analytical sample treatments including magnetic solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, or thin film microextraction, among other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Rodas
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kateřina Fikarová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Finnian Pasanen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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14
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Lan H, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML. Miniaturised air sampling techniques for analysis of volatile organic compounds in air. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Xie R, Liu Y, Yang P, Huang L, Zou X, Liu J, Ren Q, Tao J, Zhao P. “French fries”-like luminescent metal organic frameworks for the fluorescence determination of cytochrome c released by apoptotic cells and screening of anticancer drug activity. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:221. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ghosh C, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Recent advances in breath analysis to track human health by new enrichment technologies. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:226-240. [PMID: 31826324 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers in exhaled breath has been gaining increasing attention as a tool for diagnosis of specific diseases. However, rapid and accurate quantification of biomarkers associated with specific diseases requires the use of analytical methods capable of fast sampling and preconcentration from breath matrix. In this regard, solid phase microextraction and needle trap technology are becoming increasingly popular in the field of breath analysis due to the unique benefits imparted by such methods, such as the integration of sampling, extraction, and preconcentration in a single step. This review discusses recent advances in breath analysis using these sample preparation techniques, providing a summary of recent developments of analytical methods based on breath volatile organic compounds analysis, including the successful identification of various biomarkers related to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted recently considerable attention in analytical sample preparation, particularly when used as novel sorbent materials in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). MOFs are highly ordered porous crystalline structures, full of cavities. They are formed by inorganic centers (metal ion atoms or metal clusters) and organic linkers connected by covalent coordination bonds. Depending on the ratio of such precursors and the synthetic conditions, the characteristics of the resulting MOF vary significantly, thus drifting into a countless number of interesting materials with unique properties. Among astonishing features of MOFs, their high chemical and thermal stability, easy tuneability, simple synthesis, and impressive surface area (which is the highest known), are the most attractive characteristics that makes them outstanding materials in SPME. This review offers an overview on the current state of the use of MOFs in different SPME configurations, in all cases covering extraction devices coated with (or incorporating) MOFs, with particular emphases in their preparation.
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Kumar S, Panwar S, Kumar S, Augustine S, Malhotra BD. Biofunctionalized Nanostructured Yttria Modified Non-Invasive Impedometric Biosensor for Efficient Detection of Oral Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1190. [PMID: 31443571 PMCID: PMC6780737 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report results of the studies relating to the development of an efficient biosensor for non-invasive detection of CYFRA-21-1 cancer biomarker. We used a low dielectric constant material (nanostructured yttrium oxide, nY2O3) for the fabrication of the biosensing platform. The nY2O3 was synthesized via solvothermal process and functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the functionalized nanomaterial (APTES/nY2O3) onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode was conducted at a DC potential of 50V for 60s. The EDC-NHS chemistry was used for covalent immobilization of -COOH bearing monoclonal anti-CYFRA-21-1 onto -NH2 groups of APTES/nY2O3/ITO electrode. To avoid the non-specific interaction on the anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nY2O3/ITO immunoelectrode, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized for structural and morphological studies, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the bonding analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used for electrochemical characterization and response studies of fabricated electrodes. The fabricated immunosensor (BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nY2O3/ITO) exhibited linearity in the range of 0.01-50 ng·mL-1, sensitivity of 226.0 Ω·mL·ng-1, and lower detection limit of 0.01·ng·mL-1. A reasonable correlation was observed between the results obtained using this biosensor and concentration of CYFRA-21-1 measured through ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique in salivary samples of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveen Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi110007, India
| | - Shweta Panwar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Shine Augustine
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India.
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Hasanli F, Bahmaei M, Mohammadiazar S, Sharif AAM. Electroless deposition of silver nanofractals on copper wire by galvanic displacement as a simple technique for preparation of porous solid-phase microextraction fibers. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3110-3118. [PMID: 31364241 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel and porous solid-phase microextraction fiber was prepared by quick and simple galvanic displacement reaction and applied to the determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sunflower oil. The parameters affecting the porosity and thickness of the fiber, and parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the extraction time, temperature, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. The morphology of prepared fiber was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and thermal and chemical stabilities of the fiber were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection ranged between 0.1 ng/mL for pyrene to 1.2 ng/mL for anthracene, and LOQ ranged between 0.3 ng/mL for pyrene to 3.6 ng/mL for anthracene. The relative standard deviations, including repeatability (within fibers) and reproducibility (between fibers), varied between 3.2-8.9 and 5.6-9.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Hasanli
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manochehr Bahmaei
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirwan Mohammadiazar
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Metal-organic frameworks for the sorption of acetone and isopropanol in exhaled breath of diabetics prior to quantitation by gas chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:588. [PMID: 31367797 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for non-invasive glucose monitoring of diabetics by means of breath analysis. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) ZIF-7, UiO-66 and MOF-5 were chosen as sorbents in packed tubes for sampling and preconcentration of acetone and isopropanol which are established diabetes biomarkers. The MOF UiO-66 was found to be the most appropriate sorbent. Following thermal desorption, acetone and isopropanol where quantified by GC. The method has low limits of detection (0.79-0.84 μg·L-1) and wide linear ranges (5-2000 μg·L-1). It is assumed that the good performance of UiO-66 as a sorbent results from its large surface area and unique porous structure, and from van der Waals interactions. The relative standard deviation for six replicate cycles of sampling and preconcentration using one 50 mg UiO-66 packed tube ranged between 2.3 and 6.7% for intra-day assays, and from 2.7 to 4.3% for inter-day assays. A tube packed with 50 mg of UiO-66 packed tube can be used in over 120 cycles of adsorption/desorption without significant loss of collection efficiency. The GC method has been applied for the analysis of diabetic breath samples, and the recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 89.1 to 107.6%. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of metal-organic frameworks as sorbents combined with thermal desorption-gas chromatography for the determination of acetone and isopropanol in exhaled breath of diabetics.
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Maya F, Ghani M. Ordered macro/micro-porous metal-organic framework of type ZIF-8 in a steel fiber as a sorbent for solid-phase microextraction of BTEX. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E. Recent developments and applications of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation approach for mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A selective chemiresistive sensor for the cancer-related volatile organic compound hexanal by using molecularly imprinted polymers and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:137. [PMID: 30707323 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A chemiresistive sensor is described for the lung cancer biomarker hexanal. A composite consisting of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was used in the sensor that is typically operated at a voltage of 4 V and is capable of selectively sensing gaseous hexanal at room temperature. It works in the 10 to 200 ppm concentration range and has a 10 ppm detection limit (at S/N = 3). The sensor signal recovers to a value close to its starting value without the need for heating even after exposure to relatively high levels of hexanal. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a chemiresistive sensor for detection of hexanal, a cancer biomarker. The hexanal-imprinted polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized, mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and coated on the surface of an interdigitated electrode to produce a nanocomposite chemiresistor gas sensor for hexanal.
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Wingelaar TT, van Ooij PJAM, Brinkman P, van Hulst RA. Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Navy Divers: A Crossover Study Using Exhaled Breath Analysis After a One-Hour Air or Oxygen Dive at Nine Meters of Sea Water. Front Physiol 2019; 10:10. [PMID: 30740057 PMCID: PMC6355711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions can lead to pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Although a decrease in vital capacity has long been the gold standard, newer diagnostic modalities may be more accurate. In pulmonary medicine, much research has focussed on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with inflammation in exhaled breath. In previous small studies after hyperbaric hyperoxic exposure several methyl alkanes were identified. This study aims to identify which VOCs mark the development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Methods: In this randomized crossover study, 12 divers of the Royal Netherlands Navy made two dives of one hour to 192.5 kPa (comparable to a depth of 9 msw) either with 100% oxygen or compressed air. At 30 min before the dive, and at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-dive, exhaled breath was collected and followed by pulmonary function tests (PFT). Exhaled breath samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). After univariate tests and correlation of retention times, ion fragments could be identified using a standard reference database [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)]. Using these fragments VOCs could be reconstructed, which were then tested longitudinally with analysis of variance. Results: After GC–MS analysis, seven relevant VOCs (generally methyl alkanes) were identified. Decane and decanal showed a significant increase after an oxygen dive (p = 0.020 and p = 0.013, respectively). The combined intensity of all VOCs showed a significant increase after oxygen diving (p = 0.040), which was at its peak (+35%) 3 h post-dive. Diffusion capacity of nitric oxide and alveolar membrane capacity showed a significant reduction after both dives, whereas no other differences in PFT were significant. Discussion: This study is the largest analysis of exhaled breath after in water oxygen dives to date and the first to longitudinally measure VOCs. The longitudinal setup showed an increase and subsequent decrease of exhaled components. The VOCs identified suggest that exposure to a one-hour dive with a partial pressure of oxygen of 192.5 kPa damages the phosphatidylcholine membrane in the alveoli, while the spirometry and diffusion capacity show little change. This suggests that exhaled breath analysis is a more accurate method to measure pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs T Wingelaar
- Diving Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, Netherlands.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob A van Hulst
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sajid M, Khaled Nazal M, Rutkowska M, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J, Płotka-Wasylka J. Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:271-288. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1517035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Khaled Nazal
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Ozone-induction coupled with plasma assistance to enhance cataluminescence for monitoring of volatile organic compounds. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:531. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Maya F, Palomino Cabello C, Figuerola A, Turnes Palomino G, Cerdà V. Immobilization of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Supports for Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Separation. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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