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Bagheri R, Alikhani S, Miri-Moghaddam E. Fabrication of conductive Ag/AgCl/Ag nanorods ink on Laser-induced graphene electrodes on flexible substrates for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20898. [PMID: 38017145 PMCID: PMC10684547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual strategy was designed to fabricate conductive patterns for flexible surfaces, which were utilized for non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensors. The Ag/AgCl/Ag quasi-reference ink formulation utilized two reducing agents, NaBH[Formula: see text] and ethylene glycol. The parameters of the ink, such as sintering time and temperature, NaBH[Formula: see text] concentration, and layer number of coatings on flexible laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes were investigated. The conductive Ag/AgCl/Ag ink was characterized using electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. The electrocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl/Ag NRs can be attributed to their high surface area, which offer numerous active sites for catalytic reactions. The selectivity and sensitivity of the electrodes for glucose detection were investigated. The XRD analysis showed (200) oriented AgCl on covered Ag NRs, and with the addition of NaBH[Formula: see text], the intensity of the peaks of the Ag NRs increased. The wide linear range of non-enzymatic sensors was attained from 0.003 to 0.18 mM and 0.37 to 5.0 mM, with a low limit of detection of 10 [Formula: see text]M and 20 [Formula: see text]M, respectively.The linear range of enzymatic sensor in real sample was determined from 0.040 to 0.097 mM with a detection limit of 50 [Formula: see text]M. Furthermore, results of the interference studies demonstrated excellent selectivity of the Ag/AgCl/Ag NRs/LIG electrode. The Ag/AgCl/Ag NRs on the flexible LIG electrode exhibited excellent sensitivity,long-time stablity,and reproducibility. The efficient electroactivity were deemed suitable for various electrochemical applications and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 9717853577, Iran
- Nanofanavaran partopooyesh Company, Science and Technology Park of South Khorasan, Birjand, 9718643683, Iran
| | - Saeid Alikhani
- Nanofanavaran partopooyesh Company, Science and Technology Park of South Khorasan, Birjand, 9718643683, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 9717853577, Iran.
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Downing JR, Diaz-Arauzo S, Chaney LE, Tsai D, Hui J, Seo JWT, Cohen DR, Dango M, Zhang J, Williams NX, Qian JH, Dunn JB, Hersam MC. Centrifuge-Free Separation of Solution-Exfoliated 2D Nanosheets via Cross-Flow Filtration. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2212042. [PMID: 36934307 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed graphene is a promising material for numerous high-volume applications including structural composites, batteries, sensors, and printed electronics. However, the polydisperse nature of graphene dispersions following liquid-phase exfoliation poses major manufacturing challenges, as incompletely exfoliated graphite flakes must be removed to achieve optimal properties and downstream performance. Incumbent separation schemes rely on centrifugation, which is highly energy-intensive and limits scalable manufacturing. Here, cross-flow filtration (CFF) is introduced as a centrifuge-free processing method that improves the throughput of graphene separation by two orders of magnitude. By tuning membrane pore sizes between microfiltration and ultrafiltration length scales, CFF can also be used for efficient recovery of solvents and stabilizing polymers. In this manner, life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis reveal that CFF reduces greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy usage, water consumption, and specific production costs of graphene manufacturing by 57%, 56%, 63%, and 72%, respectively. To confirm that CFF produces electronic-grade graphene, CFF-processed graphene nanosheets are formulated into printable inks, leading to state-of-the-art thin-film conductivities exceeding 104 S m-1 . This CFF methodology can likely be generalized to other van der Waals layered solids, thus enabling sustainable manufacturing of the diverse set of applications currently being pursued for 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Santiago Diaz-Arauzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Daphne Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Janan Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jung-Woo T Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Michael Dango
- Cytiva, 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Justin H Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Gamba L, Johnson ZT, Atterberg J, Diaz-Arauzo S, Downing JR, Claussen JC, Hersam MC, Secor EB. Systematic Design of a Graphene Ink Formulation for Aerosol Jet Printing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3325-3335. [PMID: 36608034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol jet printing is a noncontact, digital, additive manufacturing technique compatible with a wide variety of functional materials. Although promising, development of new materials and devices using this technique remains hindered by limited rational ink formulation, with most recent studies focused on device demonstration rather than foundational process science. In the present work, a systematic approach to formulating a polymer-stabilized graphene ink is reported, which considers the effect of solvent composition on dispersion, rheology, wetting, drying, and phase separation characteristics that drive process outcomes. It was found that a four-component solvent mixture composed of isobutyl acetate, diglyme, dihydrolevoglucosenone, and glycerol supported efficient ink atomization and controlled in-line drying to reduce overspray and wetting instabilities while maintaining high resolution and electrical conductivity, thus overcoming a trade-off in deposition rate and resolution common to aerosol jet printing. Biochemical sensors were printed for amperometric detection of the pesticide parathion, exhibiting a detection limit of 732 nM and a sensitivity of 34 nA μM-1, demonstrating the viability of this graphene ink for fabricating functional electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Gamba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Zachary T Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Jackie Atterberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Santiago Diaz-Arauzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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Jafarpour M, Nüesch F, Heier J, Abdolhosseinzadeh S. Functional Ink Formulation for Printing and Coating of Graphene and Other 2D Materials: Challenges and Solutions. Small Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafarpour
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Frank Nüesch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jakob Heier
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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