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Ravindra Babu M, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Dua K, Kumar Singh S. Harnessing the role of microneedles as sensors: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104030. [PMID: 38762087 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have been transformed to serve a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Their role as sensors in wearable devices has provided an alternative to blood-based monitoring of health and diagnostic methods. Hence, they have become a topic of research interest for several scientists working in the biomedical field. These MNs as sensors offer the continuous monitoring of biomarkers like glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides and electrolyte ions, which can therefore screen for and diagnose disease conditions in humans. The present review focuses on types of MN sensors and their applications. Various clinical trials and bottlenecks of MN R&D are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia.
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2
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Jia B, Xia T, Wang X, Xu Y, Li B. Investigation of biosensing properties in magnetron sputtered metallized UV-curable polymer microneedle electrodes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1008-1030. [PMID: 38386313 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2314360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Direct management and assessment of metal film properties applied to polymer microneedle (MN) biosensors remains difficult due to constraints inherent to their morphology. By simplifying the three-dimensional structure of MNs and adjusting the deposition time, different thicknesses of Au films were deposited on the UV-cured polymer planar and MN substrates. Several properties relevant to the biosensing of the Au films grown on the polymer surfaces were investigated. The results demonstrate the successful deposition of pure and stable Au nanoparticles onto the surface of UV-curable polymer materials. Initially, Au islands formed within the first minute of deposition; however, as the sputtering time extended, these islands transformed into Au nanoparticle films and disappeared. The hydrophilicity of the surface remains unchanged, while the surface resistance of the thin film decreases with increasing thickness, and the adhesion to the substrate decreases as the thickness increases. In short, a sputtering time of 5-6 min results in Au films with a thickness of 100-200 nm, which exhibit exceptional comprehensive biosensing performance. Additionally, MNs made of Au/UV-curable polymers and produced using magnetron sputtering maintain their original shape, enhance their mechanical characteristics, and gain new functionalities. The Au/UV-curable polymer MNs exhibited remarkable electrode performance despite being soaked in a 37 °C PBS solution for 14 days. These discoveries have important implications in terms of decreasing the dependence on valuable metals in MN biosensors, lowering production expenses, and providing guidance for the choice and design of materials for UV-curable polymer MN metallization films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiandong Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangtao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Reza MS, Seonu S, Abu Zahed M, Asaduzzaman M, Song H, Hoon Jeong S, Park JY. Reduced graphene oxide-functionalized polymer microneedle for continuous and wide-range monitoring of lactate in interstitial fluid. Talanta 2024; 270:125582. [PMID: 38176248 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite substantial developments in minimally invasive lactate monitoring microneedle electrodes, most such electrode developments have focused on either sensitivity or invasiveness while ignoring a wide range of detection, which is the most important factor in measuring the normal range of lactate in interstitial fluid (ISF). Herein, we present a polymer-based planar microneedle electrode fabrication using microelectromechanical and femtosecond laser technology for the continuous monitoring of lactate in ISF. The microneedle is functionalized with two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and electrochemically synthesized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). A particular quantity of Nafion (1.25 wt%) is applied on top of the lactate enzyme to create a diffusion-controlled membrane. Due to the combined effects of the planar structure of the microneedle, rGO, and membrane, the biosensor exhibited excellent linearity up to 10 mM lactate with a limit of detection of 2.04 μM, high sensitivity of 43.96 μA mM-1cm-2, a reaction time of 8 s and outstanding stability, selectivity, and repeatability. The feasibility of the microneedle is evaluated by using it to measure lactate concentrations in artificial ISF and human serum. The results demonstrate that the microneedle described here has great potential for use in real-time lactate monitoring for use in sports medicine and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Selim Reza
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookyeong Seonu
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Song
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
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M R K, Panicker LR, Narayan R, Kotagiri YG. Biopolymer-protected graphene-Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite based wearable microneedle sensor: toward real-time continuous monitoring of dopamine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7131-7141. [PMID: 38414985 PMCID: PMC10898425 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders can occur in the human body as a result of nano-level variations in the neurotransmitter levels. Patients affected by neuropsychiatric disorders, that are chronic require continuous monitoring of these neurotransmitter levels for effective disease management. The current work focus on developing a highly sensitive and personalized sensor for continuous monitoring of dopamine. Here we propose a wearable microneedle-based electrochemical sensor, to continuously monitor dopamine in interstitial fluid (ISF). A chitosan-protected hybrid nanomaterial Fe3O4-GO composite has been used as a chemical recognition element protected by Nafion antifouling coating layer. The morphological and physiochemical characterizations of the nanocomposite were carried out with XRD, XPS, FESEM, EDAX and FT-IR. The principle of the developed sensor relies on orthogonal detection of dopamine with square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometric techniques. The microneedle sensor array exhibited an attractive analytical performance toward detecting dopamine in phosphate buffer and artificial ISF. The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed sensor was observed to be low, 90 nM in square wave voltammetry and 0.6 μM in chronoamperometric analysis. The practical applicability of the microneedle sensor array has been demonstrated on a skin-mimicking phantom gel model. The microneedle sensor also exhibited good long-term storage stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity. All of these promising results suggest that the proposed microneedle sensor array could be reliable for the continuous monitoring of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthanaa M R
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Roger Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Yugender Goud Kotagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
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Iftikhar T, Iftikhar N, Chi G, Qiu W, Xie Y, Liang Z, Huang C, Su L. Unlocking the future of brain research: MOFs, TMOs, and MOFs/TMOs for electrochemical NTMs detection and analysis. Talanta 2024; 267:125146. [PMID: 37688896 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system relies heavily on neurotransmitters (NTMs), and NTM imbalances have been linked to a wide range of neurological conditions. Thus, the development of reliable detection techniques is essential for advancing brain studies. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), transition metal oxides (TMOs), and MOFs-derived TMOs (MOFs/TMOs) as materials for electrochemical (EC) sensors targeting the detection of key NTMs, specifically dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and serotonin (SR). The unique properties and diverse families of MOFs and TMOs, along with their nanostructured hybrids, are discussed in the context of EC sensing. The review also addresses the challenges in detecting NTMs and proposes a systematic approach to tackle these obstacles. Despite the vast amount of research on MOFs and TMOs-based EC sensors for DA detection, the review highlights the gaps in the literature for MOFs/TMOs-based EC sensors specifically for EP and SR detection, as well as the limited research on microneedles (MNs)-based EC sensors modified with MOFs, TMOs, and MOFs/TMOs for NTMs detection. This review serves as a foundation to encourage researchers to further explore the potential applications of MOFs, TMOs, and MOFs/TMOs-based EC sensors in the context of neurological disorders and other health conditions related to NTMs imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Iftikhar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Nishwa Iftikhar
- Department of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Guilin Chi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Yuanting Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Cibo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Su M, Cao X, Gao H, Zhu C, Peng W, Jiang Q, Yu C. Honeycomb-like nickel oxide-reduced graphene oxide based sensor for the electrochemical tracking of norepinephrine in neuronal cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1262:341247. [PMID: 37179062 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific detection and monitoring of trace norepinephrine (NE) in biological fluids and neuronal cell lines is essential for the investigation of pathogenesis of certain neurological diseases. Herein, we constructed a novel electrochemical sensor for real-time monitoring of NE released by PC12 cells based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with honeycomb-like nickel oxide (NiO)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite. The synthesized NiO, RGO and the NiO-RGO nanocomposite were characterized using X-ray diffraction spectrogram (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porous three-dimensional honeycomb-like structure of NiO and high charge transfer kinetics of RGO endowed the nanocomposite with excellent electrocatalytic activity, large surface area and good conductivity. The developed sensor exhibited superior sensitivity and specificity towards NE in a wide linear range from 20 nM to 14 μM and 14 μM-80 μM, with a low detection limit of 5 nM. The performances of the sensor in terms of excellent biocompatibility and high sensitivity allow it to be successfully employed in the tracking of NE release from PC12 cells under the stimulation of K+, providing an effective strategy for the real-time monitoring of cellular NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Su
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Cailing Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
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Yang J, Luo R, Yang L, Wang X, Huang Y. Microneedle-Integrated Sensors for Extraction of Skin Interstitial Fluid and Metabolic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9882. [PMID: 37373027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) has emerged as a fungible biofluid sample for blood serum and plasma for disease diagnosis and therapy. The sampling of skin ISF is highly desirable considering its easy accessibility, no damage to blood vessels, and reduced risk of infection. Particularly, skin ISF can be sampled using microneedle (MN)-based platforms in the skin tissues, which exhibit multiple advantages including minimal invasion of the skin tissues, less pain, ease of carrying, capacity for continuous monitoring, etc. In this review, we focus on the current development of microneedle-integrated transdermal sensors for collecting ISF and detecting specific disease biomarkers. Firstly, we discussed and classified microneedles according to their structural design, including solid MNs, hollow MNs, porous MNs, and coated MNs. Subsequently, we elaborate on the construction of MN-integrated sensors for metabolic analysis with highlights on the electrochemical, fluorescent, chemical chromogenic, immunodiagnostic, and molecular diagnostic MN-integrated sensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future direction for developing MN-based platforms for ISF extraction and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ruiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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VURAL B, ULUDAĞ İ, İNCE B, ÖZYURT C, ÖZTÜRK F, SEZGİNTÜRK MK. Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:944-967. [PMID: 38173754 PMCID: PMC10760819 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfin VURAL
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - İnci ULUDAĞ
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Bahar İNCE
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Canan ÖZYURT
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Funda ÖZTÜRK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Kemal SEZGİNTÜRK
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
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Ma S, Li J, Pei L, Feng N, Zhang Y. Microneedle-based interstitial fluid extraction for drug analysis: Advances, challenges, and prospects. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:111-126. [PMID: 36908860 PMCID: PMC9999301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to blood, interstitial fluid (ISF) contains exogenous drugs and biomarkers and may therefore substitute blood in drug analysis. However, current ISF extraction techniques require bulky instruments and are both time-consuming and complicated, which has inspired the development of viable alternatives such as those relying on skin or tissue puncturing with microneedles. Currently, microneedles are widely employed for transdermal drug delivery and have been successfully used for ISF extraction by different mechanisms to facilitate subsequent analysis. The integration of microneedles with sensors enables in situ ISF analysis and specific compound monitoring, while the integration of monitoring and delivery functions in wearable devices allows real-time dose modification. Herein, we review the progress in drug analysis based on microneedle-assisted ISF extraction and discuss the related future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Tackling the challenges of developing microneedle-based electrochemical sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070519. [PMID: 35884322 PMCID: PMC9313403 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase (Tyr)-based biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) for total catecholamine (CA) detection in human urine samples. ChitNPs were synthetized according to an ionic gelation process and successively characterized by SEM and EDX techniques. The screen-printed graphene electrode was prepared by a two-step drop-casting method of: (i) ChitNPS; and (ii) Tyr enzyme. Optimization of the electrochemical platform was performed in terms of the loading method of Tyr on ChitNPs (nanoprecipitation and layer-by-layer), enzyme concentration, and enzyme immobilization with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. The Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, as evidenced by its high biocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, EP, and NEP to the relative o-quinone derivatives electrochemically reduced at the modified electrode. The resulting Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs-based biosensor performs interference-free total catecholamine detection, expressed as a DA concentration, with a very low LOD of 0.17 μM, an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 μA μM−1 cm−2, good stability, and a fast response time (3 s). The performance of the biosensor was successively assessed in human urine samples, showing satisfactory results and, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for analyzing total CA in physiological samples.
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