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Hsu JW, Chen LC, Bai YM, Tsai SJ, Chen MH. Distinct effects of psychiatric disorder diagnoses and severe emotional dysregulation on matrix metalloproteinase-9, proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibitory control function in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or first-episode major affective disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2025; 28:pyaf024. [PMID: 40219625 PMCID: PMC12076074 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaf024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe emotional dysregulation (SED) may represent an endophenotype of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major affective disorders. However, the specific effects of SED and related psychiatric disorders, including ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), proinflammatory cytokine levels, and inhibitory control function remain unclear. METHODS This study included 48 adolescents with ADHD, 39 with first-episode BD, 53 with first-episode MDD, and 46 healthy adolescents. SED was defined according to total T scores ≥210 on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile. Levels of MMP-9, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Inhibitory control was assessed using the go/no-go task. RESULTS Generalized linear models adjusted for demographic and clinical data revealed significant main effects of diagnoses on MMP-9 (P = .009), CRP (P < .001), and IL-6 (P = .029) levels and on the standard deviation of mean response time on the go/no-go task (P = .004). A significant main effect of SED on MMP-9 levels (P = .048) was also observed. Adolescents with BD exhibited the highest MMP-9 and CRP levels and the poorest performance on the go/no-go task compared with the other groups. Adolescents with SED had significantly elevated MMP-9 levels than did those without SED. DISCUSSION Diagnoses of adolescent psychiatric disorder were associated with increased MMP-9, IL-6, and CRP levels and with inhibitory control dysfunction. In particular, SED was associated with elevated MMP-9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yadav SS, Srinivasan K, Sharma SS, Datusalia AK. Decoding the Nectin Interactome: Implications for Brain Development, Plasticity, and Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2025; 16:1000-1020. [PMID: 40025835 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
The nectin family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) comprising nectins and nectin-like molecules has emerged as a key regulator of various pivotal neural processes, including neuronal development, migration, synapse formation, and plasticity. Nectins engage in homophilic and heterophilic interactions to mediate cell-cell adhesion, contributing to the establishment and maintenance of neural circuits. Their extracellular domains facilitate trans-synaptic interactions, while intracellular domains participate in signaling cascades influencing cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic function. The exhibition of distinct localization patterns in neurons, astrocytes, and the blood-brain barrier underscores their diverse roles in the brain. The dysregulation of nectins has been implicated in several neurological disorders, such as neurodevelopmental disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. This review examines the structural and functional characteristics of nectins and their distribution and molecular mechanisms governing neural connectivity and cognition. It further discusses experimental studies unraveling nectin-mediated pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions targeting nectin-related pathways. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis highlights the significance of nectins in brain development, function, and disorders, paving the way for future research directions and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Santosh Yadav
- Molecular NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Molecular NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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Mokhtar HI, Abd El-Fadeal NM, El-Sayed RM, Hegazy A, El-Kherbetawy MK, Hamad AG, ElSayed MH, Zaitone SA. Computational Analysis and Experimental Data Exploring the Role of Hesperetin in Ameliorating ADHD and SIRT1/Nrf2/Keap1/OH-1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9284. [PMID: 39273230 PMCID: PMC11395673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests as poor attention, hyperactivity, as well as impulsive behaviors. Hesperetin (HSP) is a citrus flavanone with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to test hesperetin efficacy in alleviating experimental ADHD in mice and its influence on hippocampal neuron integrity and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling. An in silico study was performed to test the related proteins. Groups of mice were assigned as control, ADHD model, ADHD/HSP (25 mg/kg), and ADHD/HSP (50 mg/kg). ADHD was induced by feeding with monosodium glutamate (0.4 g/kg, for 8 weeks) and assessed by measuring the motor and attentive behaviors (open filed test, Y-maze test, and marble burying test), histopathological examination of the whole brain tissues, and estimation of inflammatory markers. The in-silico results indicated the putative effects of hesperetin on ADHD by allowing the integration and analysis of large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The in vivo results showed that ADHD model mice displayed motor hyperactivity and poor attention in the behavioral tasks and shrank neurons at various hippocampal regions. Further, there was a decline in the mRNA expression and protein levels for SIRT1, the erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) and hemeoxygenase-1 (OH-1) proteins. Treatment with HSP normalized the motor and attentive behaviors, prevented hippocampal neuron shrinkage, and upregulated SIRT1/Nrf2/Keap1/OH-1 proteins. Taken together, HSP mainly acts by its antioxidant potential. However, therapeutic interventions with hesperetin or a hesperetin-rich diet can be suggested as a complementary treatment in ADHD patients but cannot be suggested as an ADHD treatment per se as it is a heterogeneous and complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem I. Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abd El-Fadeal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rehab M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Ann Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed G. Hamad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. ElSayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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Bekheet MHY, Mansour LA, Elkaffas RH, Kamel MA, Elmonem MA. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP) as potential biomarkers in children with Fragile-X syndrome: A cross sectional study. Clin Biochem 2023; 121-122:110659. [PMID: 37797798 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fragile-X syndrome(FXS) is a neurological disease caused by abnormal repeats in the 5'untranslated region of the FMR1 gene leading to a defective fragile-X-messenger-ribonucleoprotein-1 (FMRP). Although relatively common in children, it is usually under-diagnosed especially in developing countries where genetic screening is not routinely practiced. So far, FXS lacks a laboratory biomarker that can be used for screening, severity scoring or therapeutic monitoring of potential new treatments. METHODS 110 subjects were recruited; 80 male children with suspected FXS and 30 matched healthy children. We evaluated the clinical utility of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9) and amyloid-beta protein precursor(APP) as potential biomarkers for FXS. RESULTS Out of 80 suspected children, 14 had full mutation, 8 had the premutation and 58 children had normal genotypes. No statistically-significant difference was detected between children with different genotypes concerning age of onset(P = 0.658), main clinical presentation(P = 0.388), clinical severity-score(P = 0.799), patient's disease-course(P = 0.719) and intellectual disability(P = 0.351). Both MMP9 and APP showed a statistically significant difference when comparing different genotype subgroups(P = 0.019 and < 0.001, respectively). Clinically, MMP9 levels were highest in children presenting with language defects, while APP was highest in children with neurodevelopmental delay. In receiver operating curve analysis, comparing full and premutation with the normal genotype group, MMP9 has an area-under-the-curve of 0.701(95 % CI 0.557-0.845), while APP was marginally better at 0.763(95 % CI 0.620-0.906). When combined together, elevated MMP9 or APP had excellent sensitivity > 95 % for picking-up FXS cases in the clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS Screening for circulating biomarkers in the absence of FXS genetic diagnosis is justified. Our study is the first to evaluate both MMP9 and APP in FXS suspected children in a clinical setting and to assess their correlation with disease presentation and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Y Bekheet
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Mansour
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Elkaffas
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Kamel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Poudineh M, Parvin S, Omidali M, Nikzad F, Mohammadyari F, Sadeghi Poor Ranjbar F, Rasouli F, Nanbakhsh S, Olangian-Tehrani S. The Effects of Vitamin Therapy on ASD and ADHD: A Narrative Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:711-735. [PMID: 35585808 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220517205813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a sufficient amount of vitamins and nutrients on the proper function of the nervous system have always been regarded by scientists. In recent years, many studies have been done on controlling or improving the symptoms of neurological and behavioral disorders created by changes in the level of vitamins and other nutrition, such as omega-3 and iron supplements. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts individual communication, especially in social interactions. Its symptoms include anxiety, violence, depression, self-injury, trouble with social contact and pervasive, stereotyped, and repetitive behavior. ASD is most noticeable in early childhood. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lasting pattern of inattention with or without hyperactivity that causes functional disruption in daily life. ADHD symptoms included; impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, restlessness, talkativeness, excessive fidgeting in situations such as sitting, meetings, lectures, or at the movies, boredom, inability to make decisions, and procrastination. The exact etiology of ADHD has not yet been found, but several observations have assumed the reduced function of the brain leads to deficits in motor planning and cognitive processing. It has been shown that Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers could be increased in both ASD and ADHD. Several studies have been done to illustrate if vitamins and other dietary supplements are effective in treating and preventing ASD and ADHD. In this review, we aim to evaluate the effects of vitamins and other dietary supplements (e.g., melatonin, zinc supplements, magnesium supplements) on ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaf Parvin
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnia Omidali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikzad
- Student Research Committee, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fayaz Rasouli
- Department of Medicine, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Nanbakhsh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Olangian-Tehrani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Avicennet, Tehran, Iran
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Mercan Isik C, Uzun Cicek A, Ulger D, Bakir S. SIRT1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in children with specific learning disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:352-359. [PMID: 35785578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a common developmental and neurobiological disorder of childhood characterized by impairment of functionality in one or more areas such as reading, writing, mathematics, listening, speaking, and reasoning. The etiology of SLD is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate children with SLD to investigate the potential role of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and SIRT-1, which have important roles in synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, learning and memory, and are known to be associated with various psychiatric disorders. METHODS The study was conducted with 44 outpatients aged 8-14 years who were diagnosed with SLD according to DSM-5 in the outpatient clinic and a control group of 44 age, gender and education level-matched healthy children. The groups were compared in respect of serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and SIRT-1, evaluated using the ELISA method. RESULTS Serum MMP-9 levels were significantly lower in children in the SLD group than in the control group, while TIMP-1 was higher. No difference was determined between the groups in respect of the SIRT1 levels. SLD severity was negatively correlated with MMP-9 levels and positively correlated with TIMP-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 appear to contribute to hippocampal-dependent memory and learning by modulating long-term synaptic plasticity. The findings of this study also reinforce the idea that deregulation of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio may impact learning and play a role in SLD. These findings will help to elucidate the etiology of SLD. Furthermore, understanding molecular pathways can contribute to the discovery of certain biomarkers in SLD pathogenesis and the development of new treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Mercan Isik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Uzun Cicek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Ulger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Sevtap Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
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Chen DTL, Chang JPC, Cheng SW, Chang HC, Hsu JH, Chang HH, Chiu WC, Su KP. Kawasaki disease in childhood and psychiatric disorders: A population-based case-control prospective study in Taiwan. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:105-111. [PMID: 34848339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common childhood acute inflammatory disease and potentially triggers a chronic inflammation. Although some researches have investigated neurodevelopmental consequences following KD, the findings have been inconsistent. This is the first population-based study targeted on KD and common psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between KD and psychiatric disorders and hypothesized that standard anti-inflammatory treatment by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may protect against development of psychiatric disorders. METHOD We retrieved data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research database (NHIRD). Patients (n = 282,513) with psychiatric disorders (the case group) during 1997-2013 were included, and the control group was matched with age, sex, income and urbanization (1:1). We calculated the prevalence of KD in both groups and estimated odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the subgroup analyses for KD in conditions of age, severity, and common psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS Numbers of patients with KD were 460 in the cases and 380 in the controls (p = .006), and the crude OR of KD was 1.21 times greater (95% CI = 1.06-1.39, p = .006) in the case than the control groups. KD patients without IVIG treatment (n = 126) were higher in the cases than those in the controls (n = 54), with the OR of 2.33 (95% CI = 1.70-3.21, p < .0001). Subgroup analyses showed that KD survivors were at significant risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.27-3.65; p = .005) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02-1.39; p = 0.03), and a trend of increased risk for anxiety disorders (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 0.99-1.86; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with KD were more likely to have comorbid psychiatric disorders, including ASD and ADHD. Moreover, anti-inflammatory treatment with IVIG may have potential prophylactic effects against the development of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tzu-Li Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Shtaif B, Hornfeld SH, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. Anxiety and Cognition in Cre- Collagen Type II Sirt1 K/O Male Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:756909. [PMID: 34867800 PMCID: PMC8641514 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.756909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we studied the role of Sirt1 in nutritional induced catch up growth (CUG) and we found that these mice have a less organized growth plate and reduced efficiency of CUG. In addition, we noted that they weigh more than control (CTL) mice. Studying the reason for the increased weigh, we found differences in activity and brain function. Methods Several tests for behavior and activity were used: open field; elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and home cage running wheels. The level of Glu- osteocalcin, known to connect bone and brain function, was measured by Elisa; brain Sirt1 was analyzed by western blot. Results We found that CKO mice had increased anxiety, with less spatial memory, learning capabilities and reduced activity in their home cages. No significant differences were found between CKO and CTL mice in Glu- osteocalcin levels; nor in the level of brain SIRT1. Discussion/Conclusion Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we found a close connection between linear growth and brain function. Using a collagen type II derived system we affected a central regulatory mechanism leading to hypo activity, increased anxiety, and slower learning, without affecting circadian period. As children with idiopathic short stature are more likely to have lower IQ, with substantial deficits in working memory than healthy controls, the results of the current study suggest that SIRT1 may be the underlying factor connecting growth and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biana Shtaif
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shay Henry Hornfeld
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Sari SA, Ulger D, Ersan S, Bakir D, Uzun Cicek A, Ismailoglu F. Effects of agmatine, glutamate, arginine, and nitric oxide on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1675-1684. [PMID: 33026491 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of agmatine, nitric oxide (NO), arginine, and glutamate, which are the metabolites in the polyamine pathway, on the performance of executive functions (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ADHD group included 35 treatment-naive children (6-14 years old) who were ewly diagnosed with ADHD. The control group consisted of 35 healthy children with the same age and sex, having no previous psychiatric disorders. In the study groups, Stroop test (ST) and trail making test (TMT) were used to monitor EF, and blood samples were collected to measure agmatine with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and NO, glutamate, and arginine with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The EFs were significantly impaired in the ADHD group. The agmatine and arginine levels of the ADHD group were significantly higher than their peers. The NO and glutamate levels were also higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Children with ADHD had more difficulties during EF tasks compared to healthy children. The elevated NO and glutamate levels may be related with the impairment during EF tasks. Therefore, agmatine and arginine may increase to improve EF tasks through its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of NO and glutamate. Further studies are needed about polyamine pathway molecules to shed light on the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Aybuke Sari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Imaret Village, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Ulger
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serpil Ersan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halis University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Deniz Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayla Uzun Cicek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Imaret Village, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Firat Ismailoglu
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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