1
|
Olech M. Current State of Molecular and Serological Methods for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101074. [PMID: 36297131 PMCID: PMC9612268 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of an acute and devastating enteric disease that causes moderate-to-high mortality in suckling piglets. The accurate and early detection of PEDV infection is essential for the prevention and control of the spread of the disease. Many molecular assays have been developed for the detection of PEDV, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. Additionally, several serological methods have been developed and are widely used for the detection of antibodies against PEDV. Some of them, such as the immunochromatography assay, can generate results very quickly and in field conditions. Molecular assays detect viral RNA in clinical samples rapidly, and with high sensitivity and specificity. Serological assays can determine prior immune exposure to PEDV, can be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination strategies and may help to predict the duration of immunity in piglets. However, they are less sensitive than nucleic acid-based detection methods. Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow the analysis of PEDV cDNA or RNA sequences, and thus, provide highly specific results. Furthermore, NGS based on nonspecific DNA cleavage in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas systems promise major advances in the diagnosis of PEDV infection. The objective of this paper was to summarize the current serological and molecular PEDV assays, highlight their diagnostic performance and emphasize the advantages and drawbacks of the application of individual tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olech
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma L, Lian K, Zhu M, Tang Y, Zhang M. Visual detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstrip. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:140. [PMID: 35436883 PMCID: PMC9013981 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the most important enteric viruses causing diarrhea in pigs. The establishment of a rapid detection method applicable in field conditions will be conducive to early detection of pathogen and implementation of relevant treatment. A novel nucleic acid amplification method, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), has been widely used for infectious disease diagnosis. Results In the present study, a reverse transcription (RT)-RPA assay combined with lateral flow dipstrip (LFD) was established for the visual detection of PEDV by targeting the N gene. The RT-RPA-LFD assay detected as low as 102 copies/µL of PEDV genomic RNA standard. Moreover, the novel RT-RPA-LFD assay did not show cross-reactivity with common swine pathogens, demonstrating high specificity. The performance of the assay for detection of clinical samples was also evaluated. A total number of 86 clinical samples were tested by RT-RPA-LFD and RT-PCR. The detection results of RT-RPA-LFD were compared with those of RT-PCR, with a coincidence rate of 96.5%. Conclusion The newly established RT-RPA-LFD assay in our study had high sensitivity and specificity, with a potential to use in resource-limited areas and countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China. .,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang, China.
| | - Kaiqi Lian
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang, China
| | - Yajie Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China. .,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahimpour E, Lotfipour F, Jouyban A. A minireview on nanoparticle-based sensors for the detection of coronaviruses. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1837-1850. [PMID: 34463130 PMCID: PMC8407278 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a class of viruses that cause respiratory tract infections in birds and mammals. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome are pathogenic human viruses. The ongoing coronavirus causing a pandemic of COVID-19 is a recently identified virus from this group. The first step in the control of spreading the disease is to detect and quarantine infected subjects. Consequently, the introduction of rapid and reliable detection methods for CoVs is crucial. To date, several methods were reported for the detection of coronaviruses. Nanoparticles play an important role in detection tools, thanks to their high surface-to-volume ratio and exclusive optical property enables the development of susceptible analytical nanoparticle-based sensors. The studies performed on using nanoparticles-based (mainly gold) sensors to detect CoVs in two categories of optical and electrochemical were reviewed here. Details of each reported sensor and its relevant analytical parameters are carefully provided and explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
- Food & Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Food & Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
- Biotecnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO box 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su Y, Chu H, Tian J, Du Z, Xu W. Insight into the nanomaterials enhancement mechanism of nucleic acid amplification reactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Qin T, Wang J, Cui SJ. Development of a nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay to distinguish canine coronaviruses I and II. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:104-107. [PMID: 33350347 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720974114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nanoPCR) is a novel method for the simple, rapid, and specific detection of viruses. We developed a nanoPCR method to detect and differentiate canine coronavirus I (CCoV I) and II (CCoV II). Primer pairs were designed against the M gene conserved region of CCoV I and CCoV II, producing specific fragments of 239 bp (CCoV I) and 105 bp (CCoV II). We optimized the annealing temperature and primer concentrations for the CCoV nanoPCR assay and assessed its sensitivity and specificity. Under optimized nanoPCR reaction conditions, the detection limits were 6.47 × 101 copies/μL for CCoV I and 6.91 × 102 copies/μL for CCoV II. No fragments were amplified using other canine viruses as templates. The sensitivity of the nanoPCR assay was 100-fold higher than that of a conventional RT-PCR assay. Among 60 clinical samples collected from Beijing, China, the assay detected 12% positive for CCoV I and 48% positive for CCoV II. Our nanoPCR method is an effective method to rapidly detect CCoV I and CCoV II alone, or as a mixed infection, in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Jin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alphandéry E. The Potential of Various Nanotechnologies for Coronavirus Diagnosis/Treatment Highlighted through a Literature Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1873-1882. [PMID: 32639742 PMCID: PMC7359670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current COVID-19 outbreak, it has become essential to develop efficient methods for the treatment and detection of this virus. Among the new approaches that could be tested, that relying on nanotechnology finds one of its main grounds in the similarity between nanoparticle (NP) and coronavirus (COV) sizes, which promotes NP-COV interactions. Since COVID-19 is very recent, most studies in this field have focused on other types of coronavirus than COVID-19, such as those involved in MERS or SARS diseases. Although their number is limited, they have led to promising results on various COV using a wide range of different types of nanosystems, e.g., nanoparticles, quantum dos, or nanoassemblies of polymers/proteins. Additional efforts deserve to be spent in this field to consolidate these findings. Here, I first summarize the different nanotechnology-based methods used for COV detection, i.e., optical, electrical, or PCR ones, whose sensitivity was improved by the presence of nanoparticles. Furthermore, I present vaccination methods, which comprise nanoparticles used either as adjuvants or as active principles. They often yield a better-controlled immune response, possibly due to an improved antigen presentation/processing than in non-nanoformulated vaccines. Certain antiviral approaches also took advantage of nanoparticle uses, leading to specific mechanisms such as the blocking of virus replication at the cellular level or the reduction of a COV induced apoptotic cellular death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Paris Sorbonne
Université, Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de
Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de
Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France
- Nanobacterie
SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris,
France
- Institute of Anatomy, UZH
University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190,
CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Zhang L, Shang Y, Tan R, Ji M, Yue X, Wang N, Liu J, Wang C, Li Y, Zhou T. Emergence and evolution of highly pathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by natural recombination of a low pathogenic vaccine isolate and a highly pathogenic strain in the spike gene. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa049. [PMID: 32913664 PMCID: PMC7474927 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of a new variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) at the end of 2010 have raised interest in the mutation and recombination of PEDV. A PEDV strain (CN/Liaoning25/2018) isolated from a clinical outbreak of piglet diarrhea contained a 49-bp deletion in the ORF3 gene. This deletion is considered a genetic characteristic of low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains. However, CN/Liaoning25/2018 was highly pathogenic. Complete genome sequencing, identity analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and recombination analysis showed that this virus was a recombinant strain containing the Spike (S) gene from the highly pathogenic CN/GDZQ/2014 strain and the remaining genomic regions from the low pathogenic vaccine isolate SQ2014. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that this strain was highly pathogenic and indicated that intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation was positively correlated with the intensity and density of PEDV antigens. A new natural recombination model for PEDV was identified. Our results suggest that new highly pathogenic recombinant strains in the field may be generated by recombination between low pathogenic attenuated live PEDV vaccines and pathogenic circulating PEDV strains. Our findings also highlight that the 49-bp deletion of the ORF3 gene in low pathogenic attenuated vaccine strains will no longer be a reliable standard to differentiate the classical vaccine attenuated from the field strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yuanbin Shang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Rongrong Tan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingxiang Ji
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xinliang Yue
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Beijing Institude of Feed Conrrol, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uskoković V. Why have nanotechnologies been underutilized in the global uprising against the coronavirus pandemic? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1719-1734. [PMID: 32462968 PMCID: PMC7265684 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research on nanotechnologies in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections is reviewed. Gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots in colorimetric and immunochromatographic assays, silica nanoparticles in the polymerase chain reaction and spike protein nanospheres as antigen carriers and adjuvants in vaccine formulations present notable examples in diagnostics and prevention, while uses of nanoparticles in coronavirus infection treatments have been merely sporadic. The current absence of antiviral therapeutics that specifically target human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, might be largely due to the underuse of nanotechnologies. Elucidating the interface between nanoparticles and coronaviruses is timely, but presents the only route to the rational design of precisely targeted therapeutics for coronavirus infections. Such a fundamental approach is also a viable prophylaxis against future pandemics of this type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Li X, Shang Y, Wu J, Dong Z, Cao X, Liu Y, Lan X. Rapid differentiation of PEDV wild-type strains and classical attenuated vaccine strains by fluorescent probe-based reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:208. [PMID: 32571305 PMCID: PMC7306936 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an intestinal coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea and high mortality in suckling piglets, can result in high economic losses in the swine industry. In recent years, despite the use of China’s current vaccine immunization strategy, multiple types of PEDV strains were still found in immunized swine herds. Our research aims to explore a new rapid differentiation method to distinguish the different types of PEDV strains and assess the safety evaluation of classical attenuated vaccine strains in swine herds. Results In the study, a differential one-step quantitative real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time RT-RPA) method based on the PEDV universal real-time RT-RPA assay was established according to the ORF1 deletion sequences of three classical attenuated vaccine strains (PEDV attenuated vaccine KC189944, attenuated CV777 and DR13) and five Vero cell-adapted isolates (JS2008, SDM, SQ2014, SC1402, HLJBY), which could effectively differentiate PEDV classical attenuated vaccine strains from wild-type strains (PEDV classical wild strains and variant strains). The detection limits of PEDV RNA in the both PEDV real-time RT-RPA assays were 300 copies within 20 min at 39 °C, and the detection limits of classical attenuated vaccine strain CV777, Vero-cell-adapted isolate JS2008, and PEDV wild-type strain DX were 100.5 TCID50/100 μL, 101.1 TCID50/100 μL, and 101.2 TCID50/100 μL, respectively. Both assays were highly specific for PEDV, showing no cross-reactivity with other enteral viruses. Conclusion This RPA method we developed is simple, time-effective, and safe and provides a reliable technical tool for the differential diagnosis and clinical epidemic surveillance of PEDV classical attenuated vaccine strains and wild-type strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xuerui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rapid and efficient detection methods of pathogenic swine enteric coronaviruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6091-6100. [PMID: 32430534 PMCID: PMC7235545 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Porcine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) cause highly contagious enteric diarrhea in suckling piglets. These COV infections are characterized by clinical signs of vomiting, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high morbidity and mortality, resulting in significant economic losses and tremendous threats to the pig farming industry worldwide. Because the clinical manifestations of pigs infected by different CoVs are similar, it is difficult to differentiate between the specific pathogens. Effective high-throughput detection methods are powerful tools used in the prevention and control of diseases. The immune system of piglets is not well developed, so serological methods to detect antibodies against these viruses are not suitable for rapid and early detection. This paper reviews various PCR-based methods used for the rapid and efficient detection of these pathogenic CoVs in swine intestines. Key points Swine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) emerged and reemerged in past years. Enteric CoVs infect pigs at all ages with high mortality rate in suckling pigs. Rapid and efficient detection methods are needed and critical for diagnosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding G, Fu Y, Li B, Chen J, Wang J, Yin B, Sha W, Liu G. Development of a multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of major diarrhoeal viruses in pig herds in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:678-685. [PMID: 31597013 PMCID: PMC7168528 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The major enteric RNA viruses in pigs include porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus A (PRV‐A), porcine kobuvirus (PKV), porcine sapovirus (PSaV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). For differential diagnosis, a multiplex RT‐PCR method was established on the basis of the N genes of TGEV, PEDV and PDCoV, the VP7 gene of PRV‐A, and the polyprotein genes of PKV and PSaV. This multiplex RT‐PCR could specifically detect TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, PRV‐A, PKV and PSaV without cross‐reaction to any other major viruses circulating in Chinese pig farms. The limit of detection of this method was as low as 100–101 ng cDNA of each virus. A total of 398 swine faecal samples collected from nine provinces of China between October 2015 and April 2017 were analysed by this established multiplex RT‐PCR. The results demonstrated that PDCoV (144/398), PSaV (114/398), PEDV (78/398) and PRV‐A (70/398) were the main pathogens, but TGEV was not found in the pig herds in China. In addition, dual infections, for example, PDCoV + PSaV, PDCoV + PRV‐A, PRA‐V + PSaV and PEDV + PDCoV, and triple infections, for example, PDCoV + PRV‐A + PSaV and PEDV + PDCoV + PKV, were found among the collected samples. The multiplex RT‐PCR provided a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis of swine enteric viruses circulating in Chinese pig farms and will facilitate the prevention and control of swine diarrhoea in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Wanli Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He D, Chen F, Ku X, Yu X, Li B, Li Z, Sun Q, Fan S, He Q. Establishment and application of a multiplex RT-PCR to differentiate wild-type and vaccine strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 272:113684. [PMID: 31288038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and the wide use of attenuated live vaccine, both wild-type and vaccine strains (CV777) are believed to circulate in Chinese pig farms. Thus, identification of different PEDV strains is of epidemiological importance. In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR method was established based on the sequence features of spike (S) gene and ORF3 gene of PEDVs. The method could identify PEDV variant strains, classical wild-type strains and classical vaccine strains. The limit of detection of the RT-PCR was 1.51 × 104 copies/uL for plasmids and 1 × 101.7 TCID50/100 u L for PEDV, respectively. There were no cross-detections among three different PEDVs and no false detections among six swine pathogens. This assay was used to test 940 samples from China of which 303 samples were PEDV positive, and 289, 5, 10 were positive for variant, classical wild, classical vaccine, respectively. One sample was positive for both variant and classical vaccine PEDV. The variant PEDVs could be detected in samples from 13 provinces, while classical PEDVs were detected from nine provinces, supporting the prevalence of variant PEDV in China. In summary, this multiplex RT-PCR was a useful tool for the clinical detection and epidemiological survey of PEDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xugang Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengxian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in China detected by duplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|