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Alijani Mamaghani N, Masiello M, Somma S, Moretti A, Saremi H, Haidukowski M, Altomare C. Endophytic Alternaria and Fusarium species associated to potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in Iran and their capability to produce regulated and emerging mycotoxins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26385. [PMID: 38434378 PMCID: PMC10907534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live inside virtually every plant species, without causing any apparent disease or damage to the host. Nevertheless, under particular conditions, mutualistic lifestyle of endophytes may change to pathogenic. In this study, the biodiversity of Alternaria and Fusarium species, the two most abundant endophytic fungi isolated from healthy potato plants in two climatically different regions of Iran, Ardebil in the north-west and Kerman in the south-east, was investigated. Seventy-five Fusarium strains and 83 Alternaria strains were molecularly characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing. Alternaria strains were characterized by the sequences of gpd and caM gene fragments and the phylogenetic tree was resolved in 3 well-separated clades. Seventy-three strains were included in the clade A, referred as Alternaria section, 6 strains were included in clade B, referred as Ulocladioides section, and 4 strains were included in clade C, referred as Infectoriae section. Fusarium strains, identified by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic regions, were assigned to 13 species, viz. F. brachygibosum, F. clavum, F. equiseti, F. flocciferum, F. incarnatum, F. nirenbergiae, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. thapsinum. Twenty-six selected strains, representative of F. equiseti, F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum, and F. sambucinum, were also tested for production of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2), beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), fumonisins (FBs), fusaric acid (FA) and moniliformin (MON). None of the tested strains produced trichothecene toxins (DON, NIV, DAS and T-2). Two out of 2 F. equiseti isolates, 1/6 F. oxysporum, 1/3 F. proliferatum, and 1/9 F. nygamai did not produce any of the tested toxins; the rest of strains produced one or more BEA, ENNs, FBs, FA and MON toxins. The most toxigenic strain, F. nygamai ITEM-19012, produced the highest quantities of FBs (7946, 4693 and 4333 μg/g of B1, B2, and B3 respectively), along with the highest quantities of both BEA (4190 μg/g) and MON (538 μg/g). These findings suggest that contamination of potato tubers with mycotoxins in the field or at post-harvest, due to a change in lifestyle of endophytic microflora, should be carefully considered and furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Alijani Mamaghani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mario Masiello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Somma
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Hossein Saremi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Lopez-Jimenez J, Herrera J, Alzate JF. Expanding the knowledge frontier of mitoviruses in Cannabis sativa. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105523. [PMID: 37940011 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitoviruses were initially known for their presence in the mitochondria of fungi and were considered exclusive to these organisms. However, recent studies have shown that they are also present in a large number of plant species. Despite the potential impact that mitoviruses might have on the mitochondria of plant cells, there is a lack of information about these ancient RNA viruses, especially within the Cannabaceae family. Cannabis sativa has been in the spotlight in recent years due to the growing industrial applications of plant derivatives, such as fiber and secondary metabolites. Given the importance of Cannabis in today's agriculture, our study aimed to expand the knowledge frontier of Mitoviruses in C. sativa by increasing the number of reference genomes of CasaMV1 available in public databases and representing a larger number of crops in countries where its industrial-scale growth is legalized. To achieve this goal, we used transcriptomics to sequence the first mitoviral genomes of Colombian crops and analyzed RNA-seq datasets available in the SRA databank. Additionally, the evolutionary analysis performed using the mitovirus genomes revealed two main lineages of CasaMV1, termed CasaMV1_L1 and CasaMV1_L2. These mitoviral lineages showed strong clustering based on the geographic location of the crops and differential expression intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lopez-Jimenez
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Herrera
- Fábrica de Plantas y Semillas de Antioquia S.A.S. - FASPLAN, El Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Fábrica de Plantas y Semillas de Antioquia S.A.S. - FASPLAN, El Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia, Colombia; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Fu Y, Wang T, Zhou S, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Chen D, Zheng L. A novel narnavirus isolated from Colletotrichum curcumae strain 780-2T. Arch Virol 2023; 168:226. [PMID: 37561160 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The complete genome of a novel mycovirus, Colletotrichum curcumae narnavirus 1 (CcNV1), derived from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum curcumae strain 780-2T, was sequenced and analyzed. The full sequence of CcNV1 is 3,374 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 1,087 amino acids with a molecular mass of 124.2 kDa that shares the closest similarity with that of Monilinia narnavirus H (53.02% identity). RdRp phylogeny analysis showed that CcNV1 is a new member of the proposed genus "Betanarnavirus" within the family Narnaviridae. This is the first report of a novel narnavirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus C. curcumae, the causal agent of leaf blight of Curcuma wenyujin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Fu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Daipeng Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Novel Mycoviruses Discovered from a Metatranscriptomics Survey of the Phytopathogenic Alternaria Fungus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112552. [PMID: 36423161 PMCID: PMC9693364 DOI: 10.3390/v14112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria fungus can cause notable diseases in cereals, ornamental plants, vegetables, and fruits around the world. To date, an increasing number of mycoviruses have been accurately and successfully identified in this fungus. In this study, we discovered mycoviruses from 78 strains in 6 species of the genus Alternaria, which were collected from 10 pear production areas using high-throughput sequencing technology. Using the total RNA-seq, we detected the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 19 potential viruses and the coat protein of two potential viruses. We successfully confirmed these viruses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with RNA as the template. We identified 12 mycoviruses that were positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, 5 double-strand RNA (dsRNA) viruses, and 4 negative single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses. In these viruses, five +ssRNA and four -ssRNA viruses were novel mycoviruses classified into diverse the families Botourmiaviridae, Deltaflexivirus, Mymonaviridea, and Discoviridae. We identified a novel -ssRNA mycovirus isolated from an A. tenuissima strain HB-15 as Alternaria tenuissima negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (AtNSRV2). Additionally, we characterized a novel +ssRNA mycovirus isolated from an A. tenuissima strain SC-8 as Alternaria tenuissima deltaflexivirus 1 (AtDFV1). According to phylogenetic and sequence analyses, we determined that AtNSRV2 was related to the viruses of the genus Sclerotimonavirus in the family Mymonaviridae. We also found that AtDFV1 was related to the virus family Deltaflexivirus. This study is the first to use total RNA sequencing to characterize viruses in Alternaria spp. These results expand the number of Alternaria viruses and demonstrate the diversity of these mycoviruses.
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Fetters AM, Cantalupo PG, Wei N, Robles MTS, Stanley A, Stephens JD, Pipas JM, Ashman TL. The pollen virome of wild plants and its association with variation in floral traits and land use. Nat Commun 2022; 13:523. [PMID: 35082293 PMCID: PMC8791949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen is a unique vehicle for viral spread. Pollen-associated viruses hitchhike on or within pollen grains and are transported to other plants by pollinators. They are deposited on flowers and have a direct pathway into the plant and next generation via seeds. To discover the diversity of pollen-associated viruses and identify contributing landscape and floral features, we perform a species-level metagenomic survey of pollen from wild, visually asymptomatic plants, located in one of four regions in the United States of America varying in land use. We identify many known and novel pollen-associated viruses, half belonging to the Bromoviridae, Partitiviridae, and Secoviridae viral families, but many families are represented. Across the regions, species harbor more viruses when surrounded by less natural and more human-modified environments than the reverse, but we note that other region-level differences may also covary with this. When examining the novel connection between virus richness and floral traits, we find that species with multiple, bilaterally symmetric flowers and smaller, spikier pollen harbored more viruses than those with opposite traits. The association of viral diversity with floral traits highlights the need to incorporate plant-pollinator interactions as a driver of pollen-associated virus transport into the study of plant-viral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Fetters
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Paul G Cantalupo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, OH, 44094, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Sáenz Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Amber Stanley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jessica D Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Biology, Westfield State University, 577 Western Avenue, Westfield, MA, 01086, USA
| | - James M Pipas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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Uchida K, Sakuta K, Ito A, Takahashi Y, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Mizutani T, Arie T, Komatsu K, Fukuhara T, Uematsu S, Okada R, Moriyama H. Two Novel Endornaviruses Co-infecting a Phytophthora Pathogen of Asparagus officinalis Modulate the Developmental Stages and Fungicide Sensitivities of the Host Oomycete. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633502. [PMID: 33633714 PMCID: PMC7902037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel endornaviruses, Phytophthora endornavirus 2 (PEV2) and Phytophthora endornavirus 3 (PEV3) were found in isolates of a Phytophthora pathogen of asparagus collected in Japan. A molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that PEV2 and PEV3 belong to the genus Alphaendornavirus. The PEV2 and PEV3 genomes consist of 14,345 and 13,810 bp, and they contain single open reading frames of 4,640 and 4,603 codons, respectively. Their polyproteins contain the conserved domains of an RNA helicase, a UDP-glycosyltransferase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which are conserved in other alphaendornaviruses. PEV2 is closely related to Brown algae endornavirus 2, whereas PEV3 is closely related to Phytophthora endornavirus 1 (PEV1), which infects a Phytophthora sp. specific to Douglas fir. PEV2 and PEV3 were detected at high titers in two original Phytophthora sp. isolates, and we found a sub-isolate with low titers of the viruses during subculture. We used the high- and low-titer isolates to evaluate the effects of the viruses on the growth, development, and fungicide sensitivities of the Phytophthora sp. host. The high-titer isolates produced smaller mycelial colonies and much higher numbers of zoosporangia than the low-titer isolate. These results suggest that PEV2 and PEV3 inhibited hyphal growth and stimulated zoosporangium formation. The high-titer isolates were more sensitive than the low-titer isolate to the fungicides benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, famoxadone, and chlorothalonil. In contrast, the high-titer isolates displayed lower sensitivity to the fungicide metalaxyl (an inhibitor of RNA polymerase I) when compared with the low-titer isolate. These results indicate that persistent infection with PEV2 and PEV3 may potentially affect the fungicide sensitivities of the host oomycete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Uchida
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakuta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Aori Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yumi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Seiji Uematsu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Hu Z, Guo J, Da Gao B, Zhong J. A novel mycovirus isolated from the plant-pathogenic fungus Alternaria dianthicola. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2105-2109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A novel narnavirus isolated from the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1011-1014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ma G, Zhang X, Hua H, Zhou T, Wu X. Molecular and biological characterization of a novel strain of Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1 identified from the pathogen Alternaria tenuissima causing watermelon leaf blight. Virus Res 2020; 280:197904. [PMID: 32105762 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leaf blight caused by the genus Alternaria is one of the most epidemic diseases on watermelon, and A. tenuissima is the dominant pathogenic species in China. Mycoviruses are found ubiquitously in filamentous fungi, and an increasing number of novel mycoviruses infecting the genus Alternaria have been reported. In this study, a mycovirus from A. tenuissima strain SD-BZF-12 was identified and characterized, whose genome size was very similar with Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1-N18 (AaCV1-N18). The dsRNA1- and dsRNA2-encoded proteins of the virus had 99 % identities with counterparts of AaCV1-N18; and the dsRNA3- and dsRNA4-encoded proteins of the virus showed the 80 % and 94 % sequence identities with proteins deduced from dsRNA4 and dsRNA3 of AaCV1-N18, respectively. Intriguingly, dsRNA5 of the virus encoded a truncated protein with 68 amino acids (aa) by comparing with 115 aa of AaCV1-N18 dsRNA5. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain suggested that the virus clustered together with AaCV1-N18. Based on these characteristics, the mycovirus was identified to be a novel strain of AaCV1 and designated as AaCV1-AT1. In addition, no obvious differences were observed on colony morphology between AaCV1-AT1-infected and virus-cured strains of A. tenuissima; however, AaCV1-AT1 infection reduced colony growth rate and spore production ability on host fungus, and increased the median effective concentration of difenoconazole or tebuconazole on its host. This is the first report of AaCV1-AT1 associated with A. tenuissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Huihui Hua
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Jamal A, Sato Y, Shahi S, Shamsi W, Kondo H, Suzuki N. Novel Victorivirus from a Pakistani Isolate of Alternaria alternata Lacking a Typical Translational Stop/Restart Sequence Signature. Viruses 2019; 11:E577. [PMID: 31242660 PMCID: PMC6631646 DOI: 10.3390/v11060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Totiviridae currently contains five genera Totivirus, Victorivirus, Leishmavirus, Trichomonasvirus, and Giardiavirus. Members in this family generally have a set of two-open reading frame (ORF) elements in their genome with the 5'-proximal ORF (ORF1) encoding a capsid protein (CP) and the 3'-proximal one (ORF2) for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). How the downstream open reading frames (ORFs) are expressed is genus-specific. All victoriviruses characterized thus far appear to use the stop/restart translation mechanism, allowing for the expression of two separate protein products from bicitronic genome-sized viral mRNA, while the totiviruses use a -1 ribosomal frame-shifting that leads to a fusion product of CP and RdRp. We report the biological and molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus termed Alternaria alternata victorivirus 1 (AalVV1) isolated from Alternaria alternata in Pakistan. The phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed AalVV1 to be distinct from previously reported victoriviruses. AalVV1 appears to have a sequence signature required for the -1 frame-shifting at the ORF1/2 junction region, rather than a stop/restart key mediator. By contrast, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses of purified virion preparations suggested the expression of two protein products, not a CP-RdRp fusion product. How these proteins are expressed is discussed in this study. Possible effects of infection by this virus were tested in two fungal species: A. alternata and RNA silencing proficient and deficient strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, a model filamentous fungus. AalVV1 showed symptomless infection in all of these fungal strains, even in the RNA silencing deficient C. parasitica strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Jamal
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
| | - Yukiyo Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Sabitree Shahi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Wajeeha Shamsi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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Shamsi W, Sato Y, Jamal A, Shahi S, Kondo H, Suzuki N, Bhatti MF. Molecular and biological characterization of a novel botybirnavirus identified from a Pakistani isolate of Alternaria alternata. Virus Res 2019; 263:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Complete genome sequence of a novel mitovirus from the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis. Arch Virol 2019; 164:897-901. [PMID: 30600350 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome of a novel mycovirus, Puccinia striiformis mitovirus 1 (PsMV1), derived from the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis strain SCSN-10, was sequenced and analyzed. The full-length cDNA sequence is 2496 bp in length with a predicted AU content of 57.65% in the genomic RNA. Sequence analysis indicated that a single large open reading frame (ORF) is present on the positive strand when the fungal mitochondrial genetic code is used. The single ORF encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 743 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.9 kDa that shares the closest similarity with the corresponding proteins of Cronartium ribicola mitovirus 5 and Helicobasidium mompa mitovirus 1-18 (34% and 35% aa sequence identity, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that PsMV1 is a new member of the genus Mitovirus within the family Narnaviridae. This is the first report of the full-length nucleotide sequence of a novel mitovirus, PsMV1, from the causal agent of wheat stripe rust.
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Botella L, Hantula J. Description, Distribution, and Relevance of Viruses of the Forest Pathogen Gremmeniella abietina. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110654. [PMID: 30463286 PMCID: PMC6267220 DOI: 10.3390/v10110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The European race of the ascomycetous species Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerberg) Morelet includes causal agents of shoot blight and stem canker of several conifers in Europe and North America, which are known to host a diverse virome. GaRV6 is the latest and sixth mycovirus species reported within G. abietina. Before its description, one victorivirus and one gammapartitivirus species were described in biotype A, two mitoviruses in both biotypes A and B and a betaendornavirus in biotype B. Possible phenotypic changes produced by mycoviruses on G. abietina mycelial growth have been reported in Spanish mitovirus-free and GaRV6-hosting G. abietina isolates, which had higher growth rates at the optimal temperature of 15 °C, but no other major differences have been observed between partitivirus-like dsRNA and dsRNA-free isolates. In this review, we reappraise the diversity of viruses found in G. abietina so far, and their relevance in clarifying the taxonomy of G. abietina. We also provide evidence for the presence of two new viruses belonging to the families Fusariviridae and Endornaviridae in Spanish isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Botella
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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Okada R, Ichinose S, Takeshita K, Urayama SI, Fukuhara T, Komatsu K, Arie T, Ishihara A, Egusa M, Kodama M, Moriyama H. Molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus in Alternaria alternata manifesting two-sided effects: Down-regulation of host growth and up-regulation of host plant pathogenicity. Virology 2018; 519:23-32. [PMID: 29631173 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was detected in a strain of Alternaria alternata showing impaired growth phenotypes. The A. alternata strain is the Japanese pear pathotype, which produces a host-specific AK-toxin. Sequence analysis of the viral genome dsRNAs revealed that this mycovirus consists of five dsRNAs and is evolutionarily related to members of the family Chrysoviridae; the virus was named Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1 (AaCV1). AaCV1-ORF2 protein accumulated in dsRNA-high-titer sub-isolates with severely impaired phenotypes; heterologous AaCV1-ORF2 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused growth inhibition. In contrast to this yeast growth inhibition phenomenon, the dsRNA-high-titer isolates displayed enhanced pathogenicity against Japanese pear plants, in accordance with a 13-fold increase in AK-toxin level in one such isolate. These findings indicated that AaCV1 is a novel mycovirus that exhibits two contrasting effects, impairing growth of the host fungus while rendering the host 'hypervirulent' to the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shun Ichinose
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kana Takeshita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egusa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Motoichiro Kodama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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A mitovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2869-2874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marais A, Nivault A, Faure C, Theil S, Comont G, Candresse T, Corio-Costet MF. Determination of the complete genomic sequence of Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1 (NLMV1), a novel mitovirus associated with a phytopathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2477-2480. [PMID: 28451899 PMCID: PMC5506512 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neofusicoccum luteum species belongs to the Botryosphaeriaceae family and is involved in grapevine wood decay diseases. The present study reports the discovery and the molecular characterization of a novel mitovirus infecting this fungus. Double-stranded RNAs were purified from cultivated N. luteum and analysed by next generation sequencing. Using contigs showing BlastX homology with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of various members of the family Narnaviridae, a single contig of approximately 1.2 kb was constructed. The genomic sequence was completed and phylogenetic analyses indicated that this virus represents a new member of the genus Mitovirus, for which the name of "Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1" is proposed. The genome is 2,389 nucleotides long and, based on the fungal mitochondrial genetic code, it encodes a putative protein of 710 amino acids, homologous to the RdRps of members of the Narnaviridae family. The neofusicoccum luteus mitovirus 1 (NLMV1) RdRp contains the six conserved motifs previously reported for mitoviral RdRps. Our findings represent the first evidence that a mycovirus can infect N. luteum, an important pathogenic fungus of grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Marais
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélia Nivault
- UMR 1035 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Faure
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Theil
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Comont
- UMR 1035 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-France Corio-Costet
- UMR 1035 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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