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Prpić J, Keros T, Božiković M, Kamber M, Jemeršić L. Current Insights into Porcine Bocavirus (PBoV) and Its Impact on the Economy and Public Health. Vet Sci 2024; 11:677. [PMID: 39729017 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective control of animal infectious diseases is crucial for maintaining robust livestock production systems worldwide. Porcine meat constitutes approximately 35-40% of global meat production with the largest producers being China and the European Union (EU). Emerging viral pathogens in swine, like porcine bocavirus (PBoV), have not garnered significant attention, leaving their pathogenic characteristics largely unexplored. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on PBoV. We explore the virus's genome structure, discovery, classification, detection methods, pathogenesis, and its potential public health implications. Additionally, we discuss the distribution and economic impact of PBoV, which includes potential losses due to decreased productivity, increased veterinary costs, and trade restrictions. By highlighting the current state of knowledge, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of PBoV, thereby aiding in its prevention and control, and mitigating its economic impact on the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Prpić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Magda Kamber
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Jemeršić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gong C, He H, Fu Y, Li B, Yang B, Li J, He X, Han J, Zhang Y, Liu G, Guo Q. Development of a Synthetic VP1 Protein Peptide-Based ELISA to Detect Antibodies Against Porcine Bocavirus Group 3. Viruses 2024; 16:1946. [PMID: 39772251 PMCID: PMC11680204 DOI: 10.3390/v16121946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine bocavirus (PBoV), classified within the genus Bocaparvovirus, has been reported worldwide. PBoV has been divided into group 1, group 2, and group 3. PBoV group 3 (G3) viruses are the most prevalent in China. Currently, effective serological methods for the detection of antibodies against PBoV G3 are limited. In this study, we developed an indirect ELISA using a synthetic VP1 peptide designed on the basis of the conserved region of the PBoV VP1 protein as a coating antigen. Through matrix titration, the optimal coating concentration of the VP1 peptide (0.5 μg/mL), serum dilution (1:200), and working concentration of the secondary antibody (1:50,000) were determined. The cutoff value of this developed ELISA was set as 0.4239. Further investigations revealed that this developed ELISA had no cross-reactivity with positive serum antibodies against FMDV-O, FMDV-A, PRV, ASFV, SF, PCV2, PEDV, and TGEV. The detection limit of the method was a 1:1600 dilution of standard positive serum against PBoV G3. The coefficients of variation for both the intra- and interassay data were lower than 10%. A total of 1373 serum samples collected from 12 provinces in China between 2022 and 2023 were subjected to indirect ELISA. The results showed that 47.56% of the samples were PBoV G3 positive. These results reveal that peptide-based ELISA is a reliable and cost-effective method for detecting PBoV G3 antibodies. It also facilitates the investigation of the prevalence and distribution of PBoV G3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hui He
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuguang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.F.); (B.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.F.); (B.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.F.); (B.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jianlong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong He
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Juncheng Han
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.F.); (B.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Qingyong Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (C.G.); (H.H.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
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Aryal M, Liu G. Porcine Bocavirus: A 10-Year History since Its Discovery. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1261-1272. [PMID: 33909219 PMCID: PMC8080206 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) is a single-stranded DNA virus, belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus of family Parvoviridae. It was discovered along with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2) and torque tenovirus (TTV) in the lymph nodes of pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Sweden in 2009. PBoV has been reported throughout the world, mostly in weaning piglets, and has a broad range of tissue tropism. Since PBoV is prevalent in healthy as well as clinically infected pigs and is mostly associated with coinfection with other viruses, the pathogenic nature of PBoV is still unclear. Currently, there are no cell lines available for the study of PBoV, and animal model experiments have not been described. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about PBoV, including the epidemiology, evolution analysis, detection methods, pathogenesis and public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Aryal
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Development of SYBR Green I-based polymerase chain reaction for feline bocavirus 1 detection. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:61. [PMID: 33457175 PMCID: PMC7799429 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline bocavirus 1 (FBoV-1) may be associated with diarrhea in cats. In this study, a SYBR Green I-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was established to detect FBoV-1. The melting curve showed a single melting peak at 83.0 ℃. The results of sensitivity showed that the detection limit of the qPCR was 3.87 × 101 copies/μL. Of note, the detection limit of the conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) was 3.87 × 103 copies/μL. The highest intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) were 0.98% and 1.42%, respectively. The positive detection rate of 128 clinical samples using the qPCR and the cPCR was 7.0% (9/128) and 4.7% (6/128), respectively. Taken together, these results indicated that the established qPCR assay has good sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility. Therefore, it could provide support for the rapid and efficient clinical detection of FBoV-1.
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