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Fang C, Fu W, Liu N, Zhao H, Zhao C, Yu K, Liu C, Yin Z, Xu L, Xia N, Wang W, Cheng T. Investigating the virulence of coxsackievirus B6 strains and antiviral treatments in a neonatal murine model. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105781. [PMID: 38097049 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B6 (CVB6), a member of the human enterovirus family, is associated with severe diseases such as myocarditis in children. However, to date, only a limited number of CVB6 strains have been identified, and their characterization in animal models has been lacking. To address this gap, in this study, a neonatal murine model of CVB6 infection was established to compare the replication and virulence of three infectious-clone-derived CVB6 strains in vivo. The results showed that following challenge with a lethal dose of CVB6 strains, the neonatal mice rapidly exhibited a series of clinical signs, such as weight loss, limb paralysis, and death. For the two high-virulence CVB6 strains, histological examination revealed myocyte necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of CVB6 viral protein in these tissues. Real-time PCR assay also revealed higher viral loads in the skeletal and cardiac muscle than in other tissues at different time points post infection. Furthermore, the protective effect of passive immunization with antisera and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against CVB6 infection was evaluated in the neonatal mouse model. This study should provide insights into the pathogenesis of CVB6 and facilitate further research in the development of vaccines and antivirals against CVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Wenkun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Nanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Canyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
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Zhang X, Hao J, Sun C, Du J, Han Q, Li Q. Total astragalosides decrease apoptosis and pyroptosis by inhibiting enterovirus 71 replication in gastric epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:237. [PMID: 35222714 PMCID: PMC8815049 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the primary pathogens involved in severe hand, foot and mouth disease in children. EV71 infection causes various types of programmed cell death. However, there are currently no clinically approved specific antiviral drugs for control of EV71 infection. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), a Traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in antiviral therapy in China. The aim of the present study was to determine whether total astragalosides (ASTs), bioactive components of AM, protect against EV. DAPI nuclear staining was used to observe morphological changes of the nucleus and the protective effect of ASTs, which revealed that the nucleus shrank following EV71 infection, while ASTs reversed it. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay found that human normal gastric epithelial cell (GES-1 cell) viability decreased following EV71 infection, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay showed that EV71 infection induced GES-1 cell damage. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of apoptosis and pyroptosis marker protein to determine whether EV71 infection induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in GES-1 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the anti-EV71 effect of ASTs. The results showed that ASTs protected GES-1 cells from EV71-induced cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. Furthermore, the present data demonstrated that the protective effect of ASTs was exerted by suppressing EV71 replication and release. These findings suggested that ASTs may represent a potential antiviral agent for the treatment of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Hao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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