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Jiang J, Yu E, Nihranz CT, Prakash V, Varsani S, Casteel CL. Engineering aphid transmission of foxtail mosaic virus in the presence of potyvirus helper component proteinase through coat protein modifications. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37053090 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotechnologies that use plant viruses as plant enhancement tools have shown great potential to flexibly engineer crop traits, but field applications of these technologies are still limited by efficient dissemination methods. Potyviruses can be rapidly inoculated into plants by aphid vectors due to the presence of the potyviral helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), which binds to the DAG motif of the coat protein (CP) of the virion. Previously it was determined that a naturally occurring DAG motif in the non-aphid-transmissible potexvirus, potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV), is functional when a potyviral HC-Pro is provided to aphids in plants. The DAG motif of PAMV was successfully transferred to the CP of another non-aphid-transmissible potexvirus, potato virus X, to convey aphid transmission capabilities in the presence of HC-Pro. Here, we demonstrate that DAG-containing segments of the CP from two different potyviruses (sugarcane mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus), and from the previously used potexvirus, PAMV, can make the potexvirus, foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), aphid-transmissible when fused with the FoMV CP. We show that DAG-containing FoMVs are transmissible by aphids that have prior access to HC-Pro through potyvirus-infected plants or ectopic expression of HC-Pro. The transmission efficiency of the DAG-containing FoMVs varied from less than 10 % to over 70 % depending on the length and composition of the surrounding amino acid sequences of the DAG-containing segment, as well as due to the recipient plant species. Finally, we show that the engineered aphid-transmissible FoMV is still functional as a plant enhancement resource, as endogenous host target genes were silenced in FoMV-infected plants after aphid transmission. These results suggest that aphid transmission could be engineered into non-aphid-transmissible plant enhancement viral resources to facilitate their field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chad T Nihranz
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ved Prakash
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suresh Varsani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clare L Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Sareli K, Winter S, Chatzivassiliou EΚ, Knierim D, Margaria P. High molecular diversity of full-length genome sequences of zucchini yellow fleck virus from Europe. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2305-2310. [PMID: 35941394 PMCID: PMC9556397 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV), genus Potyvirus, is the causal agent of a disease of cucurbits. The genome sequences of seven ZYFV isolates of different origin were determined, two of which were reconstructed from a squash (Cucurbita sp.) collected in 2017 in Greece, while the others, accessions from the DSMZ Plant Virus Collection, were from samples collected in Italy, Greece, and France in the 1980s and 1990s. A high level of molecular diversity, well dispersed along the genome, was observed, but this was within the limits for assignment of the virus isolates to the same species. P1 was the most diverse gene, and isolates from squash contained an insertion in this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Sareli
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephan Winter
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elisavet Κ Chatzivassiliou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dennis Knierim
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paolo Margaria
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Lindenau S, Winter S, Margaria P. The Amino-Proximal Region of the Coat Protein of Cucumber Vein Yellowing Virus (Family Potyviridae) Affects the Infection Process and Whitefly Transmission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122771. [PMID: 34961241 PMCID: PMC8706179 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses rely on vector transmission for their spread and specific interactions between vector and virus have evolved to regulate this relationship. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci- transmitted cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV; genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae) is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin, where it causes significant losses in cucurbit crops. In this study, the role of the coat protein (CP) of CVYV for B. tabaci transmission and plant infection was investigated using a cloned and infectious CVYV cDNA and a collection of point and deletion mutants derived from this clone. Whitefly transmission of CVYV was abolished in a deletion mutant lacking amino acids in position 93-105 of the CP. This deletion mutant caused more severe disease symptoms compared to the cDNA clone representing the wild-type (wt) virus and movement efficiency was likewise affected. Two virus mutants carrying a partially restored CP were transmissible and showed symptoms comparable to the wt virus. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the N-terminus of the CVYV CP is a determinant for transmission by the whitefly vector and is involved in plant infection and symptom expression.
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Khanal V, Ali A. High Mutation Frequency and Significant Population Differentiation in Papaya Ringspot Virus-W Isolates. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101278. [PMID: 34684227 PMCID: PMC8537659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 101 papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W) isolates were collected from five different cucurbit hosts in six counties of Oklahoma during the 2016–2018 growing seasons. The coat protein (CP) coding region of these isolates was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and 370 clones (3–5 clones/isolate) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three phylogroups while host, location, and collection time of isolates had minimal impact on grouping pattern. When CP gene sequences of these isolates were compared with sequences of published PRSV isolates (both P and W strains), they clustered into four phylogroups based on geographical location. Oklahoman PRSV-W isolates formed one of the four distinct major phylogroups. The permutation-based tests, including Ks, Ks *, Z *, Snn, and neutrality tests, indicated significant genetic differentiation and polymorphisms among PRSV-W populations in Oklahoma. The selection analysis confirmed that the CP gene is undergoing purifying selection. The mutation frequencies among all PRSV-W isolates were within the range of 1 × 10−3. The substitution mutations in 370 clones of PRSV-W isolates showed a high proportion of transition mutations, which gave rise to higher GC content. The N-terminal region of the CP gene mostly contained the variable sites with numerous mutational hotspots, while the core region was highly conserved.
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Mondal S, Wintermantel WM, Gray SM. Virus and helper component interactions favour the transmission of recombinant potato virus Y strains. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34161221 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several recombinant strains of potato virus Y, notably PVYNTN and PVYN:O have displaced the ordinary strain, PVYO, and emerged as the predominant strains affecting the USA potato crop. Previously we reported that recombinant strains were transmitted more efficiently than PVYO when they were acquired sequentially, regardless of acquisition order. In another recent study, we showed that PVYNTN binds preferentially to the aphid stylet over PVYO when aphids feed on a mixture of PVYO and PVYNTN. To understand the mechanism of this transmission bias as well as preferential virus binding, we separated virus and active helper component proteins (HC), mixed them in homologous and heterologous combinations, and then fed them to aphids using Parafilm sachets. Mixtures of PVYO HC with either PVYN:O or PVYNTN resulted in efficient transmission. PVYN:O HC also facilitated the transmission of PVYO and PVYNTN, albeit with reduced efficiency. PVYNTN HC failed to facilitate transmission of either PVYO or PVYN:O. When PVYO HC or PVYN:O HC was mixed with equal amounts of the two viruses, both viruses in all combinations were transmitted at high efficiencies. In contrast, no transmission occurred when combinations of viruses were mixed with PVYNTN HC. Further study evaluated transmission using serial dilutions of purified virus mixed with HCs. While PVYNTN HC only facilitated the transmission of the homologous virus, the HCs of PVYO and PVYN:O facilitated the transmission of all strains tested. This phenomenon has likely contributed to the increase in the recombinant strains affecting the USA potato crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
- Present address: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, CA 93905, Salinas, USA
| | | | - Stewart M Gray
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
- USDA-ARS, Emerging Pests and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
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Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070773. [PMID: 32708998 PMCID: PMC7411817 DOI: 10.3390/v12070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission, and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid-transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.
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Martínez-Turiño S, García JA. Potyviral coat protein and genomic RNA: A striking partnership leading virion assembly and more. Adv Virus Res 2020; 108:165-211. [PMID: 33837716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Potyvirus genus clusters a significant and expanding number of widely distributed plant viruses, responsible for large losses impacting most crops of economic interest. The potyviral genome is a single-stranded, linear, positive-sense RNA of around 10kb that is encapsidated in flexuous rod-shaped filaments, mostly made up of a helically arranged coat protein (CP). Beyond its structural role of protecting the viral genome, the potyviral CP is a multitasking protein intervening in practically all steps of the virus life cycle. In particular, interactions between the CP and the viral RNA must be tightly controlled to allow the correct assignment of the RNA to each of its functions through the infection process. This review attempts to bring together the most relevant available information regarding the architecture and modus operandi of potyviral CP and virus particles, highlighting significant discoveries, but also substantial gaps in the existing knowledge on mechanisms orchestrating virion assembly and disassembly. Biotechnological applications based on potyvirus nanoparticles is another important topic addressed here.
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Figueira ADR, Geraldino-Duarte PS, Pinzón Nuñez AM, Lent JV, Galvino-Costa SBF, Farman M, Goodin MM. Characterization of Soybean yellow shoot virus, a New Member of the Family Potyviridae Infecting Soybean Plants in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1172-1180. [PMID: 30907693 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1067-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new virus species, belonging to the family Potyviridae and capable of infecting most of the soybean cultivars grown in Brazil, was collected in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and named Soybean yellow shoot virus (SoyYSV). In this study, the complete 9,052-nucleotide genome of SoyYSV was determined and the structural, biological, and molecular properties of the virus were investigated. The SoyYSV genome encoded a single polyprotein that could be subsequently cleaved, generating 11 proteins. The SoyYSV genome shared 49% nucleotide and 36% amino acid sequence identity with Blackberry virus Y. However, the P1 protein of SoyYSV was much smaller and lacked the ALK1 domain characteristic of the genus Brambyvirus. Electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous virus particles, 760 to 780 nm in length, and cytoplasmic inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected with Potyviridae species. In addition to soybean, SoyYSV infected species in the Amaranthaceae, Caricaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families. Among the most common potyviruses present in Brazil, only SoyYSV induced local necrotic lesions in Carica papaya L. SoyYSV was transmissible by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii but lacked the HC-Pro domain required for aphid transmission in other potyviruses. No seed transmission in soybean was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Dos Reis Figueira
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jan van Lent
- 2 Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Suellen B F Galvino-Costa
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M Farman
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Michael M Goodin
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
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9
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Valli AA, Gallo A, Rodamilans B, López‐Moya JJ, García JA. The HCPro from the Potyviridae family: an enviable multitasking Helper Component that every virus would like to have. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:744-763. [PMID: 28371183 PMCID: PMC6638112 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses have very compact genomes and so provide a unique opportunity to study how evolution works to optimize the use of very limited genomic information. A widespread viral strategy to solve this issue concerning the coding space relies on the expression of proteins with multiple functions. Members of the family Potyviridae, the most abundant group of RNA viruses in plants, offer several attractive examples of viral factors which play roles in diverse infection-related pathways. The Helper Component Proteinase (HCPro) is an essential and well-characterized multitasking protein for which at least three independent functions have been described: (i) viral plant-to-plant transmission; (ii) polyprotein maturation; and (iii) RNA silencing suppression. Moreover, multitudes of host factors have been found to interact with HCPro. Intriguingly, most of these partners have not been ascribed to any of the HCPro roles during the infectious cycle, supporting the idea that this protein might play even more roles than those already established. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to summarize our current knowledge about HCPro and its already attributed and putative novel roles, and to discuss the similarities and differences regarding this factor in members of this important viral family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Araiz Gallo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)Madrid28049Spain
| | | | - Juan José López‐Moya
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG‐CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UB), Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
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10
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Ateka E, Alicai T, Ndunguru J, Tairo F, Sseruwagi P, Kiarie S, Makori T, Kehoe MA, Boykin LM. Unusual occurrence of a DAG motif in the Ipomovirus Cassava brown streak virus and implications for its vector transmission. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187883. [PMID: 29155849 PMCID: PMC5695790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is the main staple food for over 800 million people globally. Its production in eastern Africa is being constrained by two devastating Ipomoviruses that cause cassava brown streak disease (CBSD); Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV), with up to 100% yield loss for smallholder farmers in the region. To date, vector studies have not resulted in reproducible and highly efficient transmission of CBSV and UCBSV. Most virus transmission studies have used Bemisia tabaci (whitefly), but a maximum of 41% U/CBSV transmission efficiency has been documented for this vector. With the advent of next generation sequencing, researchers are generating whole genome sequences for both CBSV and UCBSV from throughout eastern Africa. Our initial goal for this study was to characterize U/CBSV whole genomes from CBSD symptomatic cassava plants sampled in Kenya. We have generated 8 new whole genomes (3 CBSV and 5 UCBSV) from Kenya, and in the process of analyzing these genomes together with 26 previously published sequences, we uncovered the aphid transmission associated DAG motif within coat protein genes of all CBSV whole genomes at amino acid positions 52-54, but not in UCBSV. Upon further investigation, the DAG motif was also found at the same positions in two other Ipomoviruses: Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), Coccinia mottle virus (CocMoV). Until this study, the highly-conserved DAG motif, which is associated with aphid transmission was only noticed once, in SqVYV but discounted as being of minimal importance. This study represents the first comprehensive look at Ipomovirus genomes to determine the extent of DAG motif presence and significance for vector relations. The presence of this motif suggests that aphids could potentially be a vector of CBSV, SqVYV and CocMov. Further transmission and ipomoviral protein evolutionary studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ateka
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ndunguru
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fred Tairo
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Samuel Kiarie
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Makori
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Monica A. Kehoe
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, DPIRD Diagnostic Laboratory Services, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura M. Boykin
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Mondal S, Gray SM. Sequential acquisition of Potato virus Y strains by Myzus persicae favors the transmission of the emerging recombinant strains. Virus Res 2017; 241:116-124. [PMID: 28666897 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade recombinant strains of Potato virus Y (PVY) have overtaken the ordinary strain, PVYO, as the predominant viruses affecting the US seed potato crop. Aphids may be a contributing factor in the emergence of the recombinant strains, but studies indicate that differences in transmission efficiency of individual PVY strains either from single or mixed infections, although variable, are not generally significant. Multiple strains of PVY are present in all potato production areas and common in many potato fields. Therefore, it is likely that individual alate aphids moving through a potato field will sequentially encounter multiple strains as they "taste test" multiple potato plants while looking for a suitable host. This study examined the transmission likelihood and efficiency of three common PVY strains when acquired sequentially by individual aphids. Green peach aphids (Myzus persicae, Sulzer) were allowed a 2-3min acquisition access period (AAP) on potato leaves infected with PVYO, PVYN:O or PVYNTN, followed by another 2-3min AAP on a second potato leaf infected with a different PVY strain before being transferred to healthy potato seedlings for a 24h inoculation access period. All possible combinations of the three strains were tested. Strain-specific infection of the recipient plants was determined by TAS-ELISA and RT-PCR 3-4wk post-inoculation. The recombinant strains, PVYN:O and PVYNTN, were transmitted more efficiently than PVYO when they were sequentially acquired regardless of the order acquired. PVYN:O and PVYNTN were transmitted with similar efficiencies when they were sequentially acquired regardless of the order. The recombinant strains appear to preferentially bind to the aphid stylet over PVYO or they may be preferentially released during inoculation. This may contribute to the increased incidence of the recombinant strains over PVYO in fields or production regions where multiple PVY strains are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University,Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, United States
| | - Stewart M Gray
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University,Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, United States; USDA-ARS, Emerging Pests and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, United States.
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12
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Iranian johnsongrass mosaic virus: the complete genome sequence, molecular and biological characterization, and comparison of coat protein gene sequences. Virus Genes 2016; 53:77-88. [PMID: 27632283 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iranian johnsongrass mosaic virus (IJMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses causing maize mosaic disease in Iran. An IJMV isolate, Maz-Bah, was obtained from the maize showing mosaic symptoms in Mazandaran, north of Iran. The complete genomic sequence of Maz-Bah is 9544 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail. It contains one single open reading frame of 9165 nucleotides and encodes a large polyprotein of 3054 amino acids, flanked by a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 143 nucleotides and a 3'-UTR of 236 nucleotides. The entire genomic sequence of Maz-Bah isolate shares identities of 84.9 and 94.2 % with the IJMV (Shz) isolate, the lone complete genome sequence available in the GenBank at the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. The whole genome sequences share identities of 51.5-69.8 and 44.9-74.3 % with those of other Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) subgroup potyviruses at nt and aa levels, respectively. In phylogenetic trees based on the multiple alignments of the entire nt and aa sequences, IJMV isolates formed a separate sublineage of the tree with potyviruses infecting monocotyledons of cereals, indicating that IJMV is a member of SCMV subgroup of potyviruses. IJMV is most closely related to Sorghum mosaic virus and Maize dwarf mosaic virus and less closely related to the Johnsongrass mosaic virus and Cocksfoot streak virus. To further investigate the genetic relationship of IJMV, 9 other isolates from different hosts were cloned and sequenced. The identity of IJMV CP nt and aa sequences of 11 Iranian isolates ranged from 86.4 to 99.8 % and 90.5 to 99.7 %, respectively, indicating a high nt variability in CP gene. Furthermore, in the CP-based phylogenetic tree, IJMV isolates were clustered together with a maize potyvirus described as Zea mosaic virus from Israel (with 86-89 % nt identity), indicating that both isolates probably are the strains of the same virus.
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13
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Lowery DT, Vickers PM, Bittner LA, Stobbs LW, Foottit RG. Aphid Transmission of the Ontario Isolate of Plum Pox Virus. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2168-2173. [PMID: 26453705 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of timed virus acquisition access probes in studies of plum pox virus (PPV) transmission by aphids demonstrated that endemic species transmitted the virus readily from plum, Prunus domestica (L.) Batsch; peach, P. persica (L.); or dwarf flowering almond, P. glandulosa Thunberg., to peach seedlings. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was shown to be the most efficient vector. Acquisition of virus by green peach aphids from infected peach leaves resulted in 18-28% infected peach seedlings, while aphids previously fed on infected leaves of plum transferred virus to 36% of peach seedlings. Although the spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola (Patch), was a less efficient vector than M. persicae it is perhaps more important for the spread of PPV due to its greater abundance and occurrence earlier in the season when peach trees are thought to be more susceptible to infection. Virus transmission rates varied depending on the virus source and healthy test plant species. In contrast to many previous studies, aphid inoculation of the experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana Domin occurred at a low rate, never exceeding 4%. Acquisition of PPV by M. persicae from infected peach fruit was greatly reduced compared with acquisition from leaves. The results of this research indicate that the Ontario isolate of PPV-D is readily transmissible by aphids to peach and natural spread of the virus needs to be considered in future management or eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thomas Lowery
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Box 5000, 4200 Hwy. 97, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada.
| | - Patricia M Vickers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, 4902 Victoria Ave. N, Box 6000, Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Lori A Bittner
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, 4902 Victoria Ave. N, Box 6000, Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Lorne W Stobbs
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, 4902 Victoria Ave. N, Box 6000, Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Robert G Foottit
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, National Environmental Health Program, Invertebrate Biodiversity, K. W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
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Chauhan RP, Rajakaruna P, Verchot J. Complete genome sequence of nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus reveals its relationship to the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) subgroup of potyviruses. Arch Virol 2015; 160:837-44. [PMID: 25567205 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Complete genome sequences were obtained from nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus (CaYSV). CaYSV belongs to the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) subgroup of potyviruses with johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) as its closest relative. Multiple sequence alignments showed a pattern of amino acid substitutions in the CP sequences, which enabled us to relate these isolates to South East Asian or European isolates. Biological characterization of CaYSV identified Nicotiana benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa and Phaseolus vulgaris as experimental hosts. Given the popularity and global trade of cannas, a clear picture of the genetic diversity of CaYSV is critical to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravendra P Chauhan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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15
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Abstract
Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are also seed transmitted. As important pathogens, potyviruses are much more studied than other plant viruses belonging to other genera and their study covers many aspects of plant virology, such as functional characterization of viral proteins, molecular interaction with hosts and vectors, structure, taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Biotechnological applications of potyviruses are also being explored. During this last decade, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular biology of these viruses and the functions of their various proteins. After a general presentation on the family Potyviridae and the potyviral proteins, we present an update of the knowledge on potyvirus multiplication, movement, and transmission and on potyvirus/plant compatible interactions including pathogenicity and symptom determinants. We end the review providing information on biotechnological applications of potyviruses.
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16
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Dombrovsky A, Reingold V, Antignus Y. Ipomovirus--an atypical genus in the family Potyviridae transmitted by whiteflies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1553-67. [PMID: 24464680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ipomoviruses (genus Ipomovirus) are whitefly-transmitted viruses assigned to the family Potyviridae. They are characterised by filamentous flexible particles and a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. The viral genome is translated into a polyprotein precursor, which is processed into mature proteins and a short overlapping open reading frame. The genus Ipomovirus contains four accepted species and one unapproved species, and two other tentative members have recently been characterised. Ipomoviruses cause serious economic losses in many important crops, including cassava, sweet potato, cucurbits, tomato and aubergine. These viruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a non-circulative, semi-persistent manner, the virions being retained on the external surface of the vectors' mouthparts for a few days or weeks. Comparison of the available complete genome sequences of different ipomoviruses revealed differences in their genome organisation and a considerable variation in their proteins and conserved motifs that may reflect functional differences. This review summarises the current knowledge of the members within the genus Ipomovirus, focusing on genome organisation, taxonomic classification and the mechanism by which they are transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan, Israel
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17
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Jossey S, Hobbs HA, Domier LL. Role of soybean mosaic virus-encoded proteins in seed and aphid transmission in soybean. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 103:941-8. [PMID: 23927427 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-12-0248-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near the carboxyl terminus, significantly reduced seed transmission. The Q-to-P substitution in SMV 413 also abolished virus-induced seed-coat mottling in plant introduction 68671. This is the first report associating P1, CP, and the DAG motif with seed transmission of a potyvirus and suggests that HC-Pro interactions with CP are important for multiple functions in the virus infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Jossey
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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18
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Complete genome sequence of keunjorong mosaic virus, a potyvirus from Cynanchum wilfordii. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1817-20. [PMID: 23504105 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the complete genome sequence of keunjorong mosaic virus (KjMV). The KjMV genome is composed of 9,611 nucleotides, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. It contains two open reading frames (ORFs), with the large one encoding a polyprotein of 3,070 amino acids and the small overlapping ORF encoding a PIPO protein of 81 amino acids. The KjMV genome shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (57.5 %) with pepper mottle virus and freesia mosaic virus, two members of the genus Potyvirus. Based on the phylogenetic relatedness to known potyviruses, KjMV appears to be a member of a new species in the genus Potyvirus.
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19
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Sochor J, Babula P, Adam V, Krska B, Kizek R. Sharka: the past, the present and the future. Viruses 2012; 4:2853-901. [PMID: 23202508 PMCID: PMC3509676 DOI: 10.3390/v4112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are quite necessary for the proposal the new antiviral strategies. This review brings to view the members of Potyviridae family with respect to plum pox virus. The genome of potyviruses is discussed with respect to protein products of its expression and their function. Plum pox virus distribution, genome organization, transmission and biochemical changes in infected plants are introduced. In addition, techniques used in PPV detection are accentuated and discussed, especially with respect to new modern techniques of nucleic acids isolation, based on the nanotechnological approach. Finally, perspectives on the future of possibilities for nanotechnology application in PPV determination/identification are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sochor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Moury B, Simon V. dN/dS-based methods detect positive selection linked to trade-offs between different fitness traits in the coat protein of potato virus Y. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2707-17. [PMID: 21498601 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dN/dS ratio between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates has been used extensively to identify codon positions involved in adaptive processes. However, the accuracy of this approach has been questioned, and very few studies have attempted to validate experimentally its predictions. Using the coat protein (CP) of Potato virus Y (PVY; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) as a case study, we identified several candidate positively selected codon positions that differed between clades. In the CP of the N clade of PVY, positive selection was detected at codon positions 25 and 68 by both the softwares PAML and HyPhy. We introduced nonsynonymous substitutions at these positions in an infectious cDNA clone of PVY and measured the effect of these mutations on virus accumulation in its two major cultivated hosts, tobacco and potato, and on its efficiency of transmission from plant to plant by aphid vectors. The mutation at codon position 25 significantly modified the virus accumulation in the two hosts, whereas the mutation at codon position 68 significantly modified the virus accumulation in one of its hosts and its transmissibility by aphids. Both mutations were involved in adaptive trade-offs. We suggest that our study was particularly favorable to the detection of adaptive mutations using dN/dS estimates because, as obligate parasites, viruses undergo a continuous and dynamic interaction with their hosts that favors the recurrent selection of adaptive mutations and because trade-offs between different fitness traits impede (or at least slow down) the fixation of these mutations and maintain polymorphism within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Moury
- UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montfavet, France.
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21
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Choi HI, Lim HR, Song YS, Kim MJ, Choi SH, Song YS, Bae SC, Ryu KH. The complete genome sequence of freesia mosaic virus and its relationship to other potyviruses. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1183-5. [PMID: 20401501 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have completed the genomic sequence of a potyvirus, freesia mosaic virus (FreMV), and compared it to those of other known potyviruses. The full-length genome sequence of FreMV consists of 9,489 nucleotides. The large protein contains 3,077 amino acids, with an AUG start codon and UAA stop codon, containing one open reading frame typical of a potyvirus polyprotein. The polyprotein of FreMV-Kr gives rise to eleven proteins (P1, HC-pro, P3, PIPO, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa, NIb and CP), and putative cleavage sites of each protein were identified by sequence comparison to those of other known potyviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein revealed that FreMV-Kr was most closely related to PeMoV and was related to BtMV, BaRMV and PeLMV, which belong to the BCMV subgroup. This is the first information on the complete genome structure of FreMV, and the sequence information clearly supports the status of FreMV as a member of a distinct species in the genus Potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Choi
- Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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22
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Seo JK, Kang SH, Seo BY, Jung JK, Kim KH. Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component-proteinase of Soybean mosaic virus involved in aphid transmission. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:265-76. [PMID: 20447275 PMCID: PMC6640531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. It has been well documented that the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) plays a role as a 'bridge' between virion particles and aphid stylets in the aphid transmission of potyviruses. Several motifs, including the KITC and PTK motifs on HC-Pro and the DAG motif on the coat protein (CP), have been found to be involved in aphid transmission. Previously, we have shown strong interaction between SMV CP and HC-Pro in a yeast two-hybrid system (YTHS). In this report, we further analysed this CP-HC-Pro interaction based on YTHS and an in vivo binding assay to identify crucial amino acid residues for this interaction. Through this genetic approach, we identified two additional amino acid residues (H256 on CP and R455 on HC-Pro), as well as G12 on the DAG motif, crucial for the CP-HC-Pro interaction. We introduced mutations into the identified residues using an SMV infectious clone and showed that these mutations affected the efficiency of aphid transmission of SMV. We also investigated the involvement of the PTK and DAG motifs in the CP-HC-Pro interaction and aphid transmission of SMV. Our results support the concept that physical interaction between CP and HC-Pro is important for potyviral aphid transmission. Based on the combination of our current results with previous findings, the possibility that aphid transmission may be regulated by more complex molecular interactions than the simple involvement of HC-Pro as a bridge is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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23
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Tugume AK, Mukasa SB, Kalkkinen N, Valkonen JPT. Recombination and selection pressure in the ipomovirus sweet potato mild mottle virus (Potyviridae) in wild species and cultivated sweetpotato in the centre of evolution in East Africa. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:1092-108. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.016089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Yakoubi S, Lecoq H, Desbiez C. Algerian watermelon mosaic virus (AWMV): a new potyvirus species in the PRSV cluster. Virus Genes 2008; 37:103-9. [PMID: 18484176 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A potyvirus was isolated from a naturally infected squash plant in Algeria in 1986. Biological and serological data have revealed that the virus, initially described as H4, is related to other cucurbit-infecting potyviruses, particularly Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). To establish unequivocally the taxonomic status of H4, its full-length genome sequence was established. H4 shared identities of 70% and 65% at the amino acid level with MWMV and PRSV, respectively, indicating that H4 is a distinct species of the PRSV cluster. The name Algerian watermelon mosaic virus (AWMV) is proposed for this new potyvirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Yakoubi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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25
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Siddiqui SA, Sarmiento C, Truve E, Lehto H, Lehto K. Phenotypes and functional effects caused by various viral RNA silencing suppressors in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:178-87. [PMID: 18184062 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-2-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing suppressor genes derived from six virus genera were transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum plants. These suppressors were P1 of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), P1 of Cocksfoot mottle virus, P19 of Tomato bushy stunt virus, P25 of Potato virus X, HcPro of Potato virus Y (strain N), 2b of Cucumber mosaic virus (strain Kin), and AC2 of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). HcPro caused the most severe phenotypes in both Nicotiana spp. AC2 also produced severe effects in N. tabacum but a much milder phenotype in N. benthamiana, although both HcPro and AC2 affected the leaf tissues of the two Nicotiana spp. in similar ways, causing hyperplasia and hypoplasia, respectively. P1-RYMV caused high lethality in the N. benthamiana plants but only mild effects in the N. tabacum plants. Phenotypic alterations produced by the other transgenes were minor in both species. Interestingly, the suppressors had very different effects on crucifer-infecting Tobamovirus (crTMV) infections. AC2 enhanced both spread and brightness of the crTMV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) lesions, whereas 2b and both P1 suppressors enhanced spread but not brightness of these lesions. P19 promoted spread of the infection into new foci within the infiltrated leaf, whereas HcPro and P25 suppressed the spread of crTMV-GFP lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Aslam Siddiqui
- 1Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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26
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Biological characterization and complete nucleotide sequence of a Tunisian isolate of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2007; 153:117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Massey B, Cui X, Hiebert E, Elliott MS, Waipara N, Hayes L, Charudattan R. Partial sequencing of the genomic RNA of Araujia mosaic virus and comparison of the coat protein sequence with those of other potyviruses. Arch Virol 2007; 152:2125-9. [PMID: 17701024 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Massey
- Landcare Research, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Desbiez C, Justafre I, Lecoq H. Molecular evidence that zucchini yellow fleck virus is a distinct and variable potyvirus related to papaya ringspot virus and Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2006; 152:449-55. [PMID: 16969629 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV, genus Potyvirus) infects cultivated or wild cucurbits in the Mediterranean basin and occasionally causes severe damage in crops. Biological and serological data tend to indicate that ZYFV is related to other cucurbit-infecting potyviruses, mainly papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV). In order to establish unambiguously the taxonomic status of ZYFV, the sequence of the 3' part of the genome - encompassing the CP coding region - of two ZYFV strains originating from Italy and France was obtained and compared with other potyviruses. The results obtained indicate that ZYFV belongs to a distinct potyvirus species, related to but different from PRSV and MWMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desbiez
- INRA, Station de Pathologie Vegetale, Domaine Saint Maurice, Montfavet, France.
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29
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Farreyrol K, Pearson MN, Grisoni M, Cohen D, Beck D. Vanilla mosaic virus isolates from French Polynesia and the Cook Islands are Dasheen mosaic virus strains that exclusively infect vanilla. Arch Virol 2006; 151:905-19. [PMID: 16421638 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sequence was determined for the coat protein (CP) gene and 3' non-translated region (3'NTR) of two vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) isolates from Vanilla tahitensis, respectively from the Cook Islands (VanMV-CI) and French Polynesia (VanMV-FP). Both viruses displayed distinctive features in the N-terminal region of their CPs; for VanMV-CI, a 16-amino-acid deletion including the aphid transmission-related DAG motif, and for VanMV-FP, a stretch of GTN repeats that putatively belongs to the class of natively unfolded proteins. VanMV-FP CP also has a novel DVG motif in place of the DAG motif, and an uncommon Q//V protease cleavage site. The sequences were compared to a range of Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) strains and to potyviruses infecting orchids. Identity was low to DsMV strains across the entire CP coding region and across the 3'NTR, but high across the CP core and the CI-6K2-NIa region. In accordance with current ICTV criteria for species demarcation within the family Potyviridae, VanMV-CI and VanMV-FP are strains of DsMV that exclusively infect vanilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Farreyrol
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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30
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Ng JCK, Falk BW. Virus-vector interactions mediating nonpersistent and semipersistent transmission of plant viruses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2006; 44:183-212. [PMID: 16602948 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses are absolutely dependent on a vector for plant-to-plant spread. Although a number of different types of organisms are vectors for different plant viruses, phloem-feeding Hemipterans are the most common and transmit the great majority of plant viruses. The complex and specific interactions between Hemipteran vectors and the viruses they transmit have been studied intensely, and two general strategies, the capsid and helper strategies, are recognized. Both strategies are found for plant viruses that are transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. Evidence suggests that these strategies are found also for viruses transmitted in a semipersistent manner. Recent applications of molecular and cell biology techniques have helped to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the vector transmission of several plant viruses. This review examines the fundamental contributions and recent developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C K Ng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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31
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Kang SH, Lim WS, Hwang SH, Park JW, Choi HS, Kim KH. Importance of the C-terminal domain of soybean mosaic virus coat protein for subunit interactions. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:225-229. [PMID: 16361435 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potyvirus coat protein (CP) is involved in aphid transmission, cell-to-cell movement and virus assembly, not only by binding to viral RNA, but also by self-interaction or interactions with other factors. In this study, a number of CP mutants of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) containing deletions and site-directed mutations were generated and cloned into yeast two-hybrid vectors. Interaction was confirmed by the expression of reporter genes, including HIS3, ADE2 and MEL1, in yeast strain AH109. Deletion of the C-terminal region of the CP caused loss of the CP-CP self-interaction ability detected in CP mutants with the C-terminal region. Alanine substitution at the amino acid positions R190, E191, E212, R245, H246 and R249 disrupted CP-CP interaction, whereas substitutions at the amino acid positions R188, D189, D198, K205, K218 and D250 did not. These results indicate that the C-terminal region of SMV CP may contain a domain(s) or amino acids required for CP-CP interaction and virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- S Urcuqui-Inchima
- Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu-Tour 43, 75251 Cedex 05, Paris, France
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33
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Power AG. Insect transmission of plant viruses: a constraint on virus variability. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 3:336-40. [PMID: 10873852 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity in viruses is shaped by high rates of recombination and is constrained by host defenses and the requirements of transmission. Recent studies of insect-transmitted plant viruses demonstrate highly conserved molecular motifs in viral genomes that regulate the specificity of insect transmission. In contrast, advances in our understanding of host plant response to virus infection reveal some generalized patterns of host defense to a diversity of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Power
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, USA.
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Fedorkin ON, Merits A, Lucchesi J, Solovyev AG, Saarma M, Morozov SY, Mäkinen K. Complementation of the movement-deficient mutations in potato virus X: potyvirus coat protein mediates cell-to-cell trafficking of C-terminal truncation but not deletion mutant of potexvirus coat protein. Virology 2000; 270:31-42. [PMID: 10772977 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell-to-cell movement of the GUS-tagged potato virus X (PVX) coat protein (CP) movement-deficient mutant was restored by potyviral CPs of potato virus A (PVA) and potato virus Y (PVY) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in transient cobombardment experiments. Viral cell-to-cell movement of PVX CP mutant was complemented in Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1 transgenic plants expressing PVY CP: PVX RNA and polymerase were detected in the PVX CP mutant-inoculated leaves of transgenic plants. These findings demonstrated the ability of the PVX CP-deficient mutant to move from cell to cell but not long distances in the transgenic plants and suggest that CPs of potex- and potyviruses display complementary activities in the movement process. Potyviral CP alone is not able to carry out these activities, since the mutated PVX CP is indispensable for restored movement. No trans-encapsidation between potyviral CP and PVX RNA was observed. Therefore, potyviral CP facilitates the PVX CP mutant movement by the mechanism that cannot be explained by coat protein substitution. Our data also suggest that CP functioning in cell-to-cell movement is not restricted to a simple passive role in forming virions.
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MESH Headings
- Biolistics
- Blotting, Western
- Capsid/genetics
- Capsid/metabolism
- Capsid/ultrastructure
- Capsid Proteins
- Cloning, Molecular
- Genes, Viral/genetics
- Genes, Viral/physiology
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Genome, Viral
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Movement
- Plant Leaves/cytology
- Plant Leaves/virology
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Plants, Toxic
- Potexvirus/enzymology
- Potexvirus/genetics
- Potexvirus/physiology
- Potexvirus/ultrastructure
- Potyvirus/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Nicotiana/cytology
- Nicotiana/virology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Assembly
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Fedorkin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Program for Plant Molecular Biology, Viikki Biocentre, University of Helsinki, (Viikinkaari 9), Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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Llave C, Martínez B, Díaz-Ruíz JR, López-Abella D. Helper component mutations in nonconserved residues associated with aphid transmission efficiency of a pepper isolate of potato virus y. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 1999; 89:1176-1181. [PMID: 18944642 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.1999.89.12.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aphid transmission properties of a pepper isolate of potato virus Y belonging to the pathotype 1-2 (PVY 1-2) have been characterized. PVY 1-2 was not transmitted in plant-to-plant experiments, although purified virus particles were efficiently transmitted when supplemented with heterologous helper component (HC) of the transmissible isolate PVY 0 AT through membrane acquisition assays, indicating that its coat protein was functional in transmission. Additionally, virions of PVY 1-2 were able to bind to different HCs in in vitro binding assays. Analysis of the sequence of the PVY 1-2 HC gene and comparison with that of PVY 0 AT revealed 19 nucleotide differences, but only 2 resulted in amino acid changes, one of which induced a change of charge. Neither of these two amino acid changes occurred within the cysteine-rich domain, nor did they coincide with conserved motifs of the HC protein known to be involved in aphid transmission and which are present in all known potyvi-ruses. However, both changes are located in positions highly conserved among PVY strains. The possible role of both mutations on the activity of the PVY 1-2 HC in aphid transmission is discussed.
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36
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López-Moya JJ, Wang RY, Pirone TP. Context of the coat protein DAG motif affects potyvirus transmissibility by aphids. J Gen Virol 1999; 80 ( Pt 12):3281-3288. [PMID: 10567662 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-12-3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work with tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) has established that a highly conserved three amino acid motif, asp-ala-gly (DAG), located near the N terminus of the coat protein (CP), is important for aphid transmission. However, several other potyviruses which have motifs other than DAG are aphid-transmissible. Creation of these motifs in TVMV through site-directed mutagenesis failed to render TVMV aphid-transmissible from infected plants, and the creation of a putative complementary motif in the helper component did not restore transmissibility. In an isolate of tobacco etch virus (TEV) that contains two consecutive DAG motifs separated by a single ala, transmissibility was abolished or reduced by mutations affecting the first motif, whereas mutations in the second motif had little or no effect. In a TEV mutant made non-transmissible due to an altered first motif, substitution of val for ala in the position immediately before the second DAG restored transmissibility, whereas changing val to ala in the location prior to the first DAG resulted in reduced TEV transmissibility. In contrast, a val to ala change in the position preceding the single DAG motif of TVMV did not affect transmission. Creation of another DAG motif at the beginning of the TVMV CP core, in a position where certain other potyviruses have a second DAG motif, did not restore transmissibility. Our results suggest that the mere presence of a DAG motif does not guarantee transmissibility and that the context in which the DAG or equivalent motif is found plays a role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J López-Moya
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA1
| | - R Y Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA1
| | - T P Pirone
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA1
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