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An Y, Guo X, Yan T, Jia Y, Jiao R, Cai X, Deng B, Bao G, Li Y, Yang W, Wang R, Sun W, Xie J. Enhancing the stability and therapeutic potential of the antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3 against Multidrug-Resistant a. Baumannii through rational utilization of a D-amino acid substitution strategy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116269. [PMID: 38723723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have a low probability of developing resistance, are considered the most promising antimicrobial agents for combating antibiotic resistance. Feleucin-K3 is an amphiphilic cationic AMP that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In our previous research, the first phenylalanine residue was identified as the critical position affecting its biological activity. Here, a series of Feleucin-K3 analogs containing hydrophobic D-amino acids were developed, leveraging the low sensitivity of proteases to unnatural amino acids and the regulatory effect of hydrophobicity on antimicrobial activity. Among them, K-1dF, which replaced the phenylalanine of Feleucin-K3 with its enantiomer (D-phenylalanine), exhibited potent antimicrobial activity with a therapeutic index of 46.97 and MICs between 4 to 8 μg/ml against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The introduction of D-phenylalanine increased the salt tolerance and serum stability of Feleucin-K3. Moreover, K-1dF displayed a rapid bactericidal effect, a low propensity to develop resistance, and a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics. More importantly, it exhibited considerable or superior efficacy to imipenem against pneumonia and skin abscess infection. In brief, the K-1dF obtained by simple and effective modification strategy has emerged as a promising candidate antimicrobial agent for tackling multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying An
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruoyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Guo X, Miao X, An Y, Yan T, Jia Y, Deng B, Cai J, Yang W, Sun W, Wang R, Xie J. Novel antimicrobial peptides modified with fluorinated sulfono-γ-AA having high stability and targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria infections. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116001. [PMID: 38056301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have posed an urgent demand for novel antibacterial drugs. Currently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), potential novel antimicrobial agents with rare antimicrobial resistance, represent an available strategy to combat MDR bacterial infections but suffer the limitation of protease degradation. In this study, we developed a highly effective method for optimizing the stability of AMPs by introducing fluorinated sulfono-γ-AApeptides, and successfully synthesized novel Feleucin-K3-analogs. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of fluorinated sulfono-γ-AA into Feleucin-K3 effectively improved stability and afforded optimal peptides, such as CF3-K11, which exhibited 8-9 times longer half-lives than Feleucin-K3. Moreover, CF3-K11 displayed potent antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), excellent biosafety, low resistance propensity, and possessed powerful antimicrobial efficacy for both local skin infection and pneumonia infection. The optimal CF3-K11 exhibited strong therapeutic potential and offered a superior approach for treating MDR bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaokang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingying An
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Mo X, Zhao S, Zhao J, Huang Y, Li T, Zhu Y, Li G, Li Y, Shan H. Targeting collagen damage for sustained in situ antimicrobial activities. J Control Release 2023; 360:122-132. [PMID: 37321327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising anti-infective drugs, but their use is restricted by their short-term retention at the infection site, non-targeted uptake, and adverse effects on normal tissues. Since infection often follows an injury (e.g., in a wound bed), directly immobilizing AMPs to the damaged collagenous matrix of the injured tissues may help overcome these limitations by transforming the extracellular matrix microenvironment of the infection site into a natural reservoir of AMPs for sustained in situ release. Here, we developed and demonstrated an AMP-delivery strategy by conjugating a dimeric construct of AMP Feleucin-K3 (Flc) and a collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP), which enabled selective and prolonged anchoring of the Flc-CHP conjugate to the damaged and denatured collagen in the infected wounds in vitro and in vivo. We found that the dimeric Flc and CHP conjugate design preserved the potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities of Flc while significantly enhancing and extending its antimicrobial efficacy in vivo and facilitating tissue repair in a rat wound healing model. Because collagen damage is ubiquitous in almost all injuries and infections, our strategy of targeting collagen damage may open up new avenues for antimicrobial treatments in a range of infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yongqiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Cardiac Surgery and Structural Heart Disease Unit of Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; Department of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Aloke C, Achilonu I. Coping with the ESKAPE pathogens: Evolving strategies, challenges and future prospects. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105963. [PMID: 36584930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are the major cause of nosocomial infections. These pathogens are multidrug resistant, and their negative impacts have brought serious health challenges and economic burden on many countries worldwide. Thus, this narrative review exploits different emerging alternative therapeutic strategies including combination antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides ((AMPs), bacteriophage and photodynamic therapies used in the treatment of the ESKAPE pathogens, their merits, limitations, and future prospects. Our findings indicate that ESKAPE pathogens exhibit resistance to drug using different mechanisms including drug inactivation by irreversible enzyme cleavage, drug-binding site alteration, diminution in permeability of drug or drug efflux increment to reduce accumulation of drug as well as biofilms production. However, the scientific community has shown significant interest in using these novel strategies with numerous benefits although they have some limitations including but not limited to instability and toxicity of the therapeutic agents, or the host developing immune response against the therapeutic agents. Thus, comprehension of resistance mechanisms of these pathogens is necessary to further develop or modify these approaches in order to overcome these health challenges including the barriers of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Aloke
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Guo X, Yan T, Rao J, An Y, Yue X, Miao X, Wang R, Sun W, Cai J, Xie J. Novel Feleucin-K3-Derived Peptides Modified with Sulfono-γ-AA Building Blocks Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1254-1272. [PMID: 36350686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has led to dramatically increased morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential as new therapeutic agents to reverse this dangerous trend. Herein, a series of novel AMP Feleucin-K3 analogues modified with unnatural peptidomimetic sulfono-γ-AA building blocks were designed and synthesized. The structure-activity, structure-toxicity, and structure-stability relationships were investigated to discover the optimal antimicrobial candidates. Among them, K122 exhibited potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high selectivity. K122 had a rapid bactericidal effect and a low tendency to induce resistance. Surprisingly, K122 showed excellent effectiveness against bacterial pneumonia. For biofilm and local skin infections, K122 significantly decreased the bacterial load and improved tissue injury at a dose of only 0.25 mg/kg, which was 160 times lower than the concentration deemed to be safe for local dermal applications. In summary, K122 is an outstanding candidate for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Yingying An
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Xiaokang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
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Sikarwar J, Singh J, Singh TP, Sharma P, Sharma S. The Mechanism of Action of Lactoferrin - Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Complex in Combating Biofilm Formation. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:839-850. [PMID: 35975859 DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220816160517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ESKAPE group of pathogens which comprise of multidrug resistant bacteria, namely Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species are the cause of deadly nosocomial infections all over the world. While these pathogens have developed robust strategies to resist most antibiotics, their ability to form biofilms is one of their most combative properties. Hence there is an urgent need to discover new antibacterial agents which could prevent or destroy the biofilms made by these bacteria. Though it has been established that lactoferrin (LF), a potent iron binding antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral protein displays anti-biofilm properties, its mechanisms of action, in addition to its iron chelation property, still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The binding and inhibition studies of LF with the enzyme Nucleoside diphosphate Kinase (NDK) and its elastase cleaved truncated 12 kDa fragment (12-NDK). METHODS The characterization studies of NDK and 12-NDK using florescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography and ADP-glo Kinase Assay. Inhibition studies of LF-NDK using ADP-glo kinase assay, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Biofilm inhibition studies. RESULTS NDK and 12-NDK were cloned, expressed and purified from Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The characterization studies revealed NDK and 12-NDK from both species are stable and functional. The inhibition studies of LF-NDK revealed stable binding and inhibition of kinase activity by LF. CONCLUSION The binding and inhibition studies have shown that while LF binds with both the NDK and their truncated forms, it tends to have a higher binding affinity with the truncated 12 kDa fragments, resulting in their decreased kinase activity. This study essentially gives a new direction to the field of inhibition of biofilm formation, as it proves that LF has a novel mechanism of action in other than iron sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Sikarwar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - Jiya Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
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Oliveras À, Moll L, Riesco-Llach G, Tolosa-Canudas A, Gil-Caballero S, Badosa E, Bonaterra A, Montesinos E, Planas M, Feliu L. D-Amino Acid-Containing Lipopeptides Derived from the Lead Peptide BP100 with Activity against Plant Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126631. [PMID: 34205705 PMCID: PMC8233901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From a previous collection of lipopeptides derived from BP100, we selected 18 sequences in order to improve their biological profile. In particular, analogues containing a D-amino acid at position 4 were designed, prepared, and tested against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The biological activity of these sequences was compared with that of the corresponding parent lipopeptides with all L-amino acids. In addition, the influence of the length of the hydrophobic chain on the biological activity was evaluated. Interestingly, the incorporation of a D-amino acid into lipopeptides bearing a butanoyl or a hexanoyl chain led to less hemolytic sequences and, in general, that were as active or more active than the corresponding all L-lipopeptides. The best lipopeptides were BP475 and BP485, both incorporating a D-Phe at position 4 and a butanoyl group, with MIC values between 0.8 and 6.2 µM, low hemolysis (0 and 24% at 250 µM, respectively), and low phytotoxicity. Characterization by NMR of the secondary structure of BP475 revealed that the D-Phe at position 4 disrupts the α-helix and that residues 6 to 10 are able to fold in an α-helix. This secondary structure would be responsible for the high antimicrobial activity and low hemolysis of this lipopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngel Oliveras
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (À.O.); (G.R.-L.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Luís Moll
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (L.M.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Gerard Riesco-Llach
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (À.O.); (G.R.-L.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Arnau Tolosa-Canudas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (À.O.); (G.R.-L.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Sergio Gil-Caballero
- Serveis Tècnics de Recerca (NMR), Universitat de Girona, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG, Pic de Peguera 15, 17004 Girona, Spain;
| | - Esther Badosa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (L.M.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (L.M.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (L.M.); (E.B.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (À.O.); (G.R.-L.); (A.T.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain; (À.O.); (G.R.-L.); (A.T.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.F.)
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Potent Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Feleucin-K3 Analogs Modified by α-(4-Pentenyl)-Ala against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050761. [PMID: 34069651 PMCID: PMC8160793 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlights an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising novel antibiotic alternatives. Feleucin-K3 is an amphiphilic α-helical nonapeptide that has powerful antimicrobial activity. In our previous study, it was found that the fourth residue of Feleucin-K3 is important for antimicrobial activity. After α-(4-pentenyl)-Ala was introduced into this position, both the antimicrobial activity and stability were greatly improved. Herein, to improve the limitations of Feleucin-K3, this unnatural amino acid was further introduced into different positions of Feleucin-K3. Among these synthetic Feleucin-K3 analogs, the N-terminal-substituted analog Feleucin-K65 (K65) and C-terminal-substituted analog Feleucin-K70 (K70) had preferable antimicrobial activity. In particular, their antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria were more potent than that of antibiotics. The stabilities of these peptides in salt and serum environments were improved compared with those of Feleucin-K3. In addition, these analogs had low hemolytic activity and AMR. More importantly, they effectively inhibited biofilm formation and exhibited considerable efficacy compared with traditional antibiotics against biofilm infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In antimicrobial mechanism studies, K65 and K70 mainly permeated the outer membrane and depolarized the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in cellular component leakage and cell death. In summary, analogs K65 and K70 are potential antimicrobial alternatives to solve the antibiotic crisis.
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Guo X, Rao J, Yan T, Zhang B, Yang W, Sun W, Xie J. Feleucin-K3 Analogue with an α-(4-Pentenyl)-Ala Substitution at the Key Site Has More Potent Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:64-78. [PMID: 33296183 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial compounds is now regarded as an urgent problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential to become novel antimicrobial drugs. Feleucin-K3 is an α-helical cationic AMP isolated from the skin secretion of the Asian bombinid toad species Bombina orientalis and has antimicrobial activity. In our previous studies, amino acid scanning of Feleucin-K3 was performed to determine the key site affecting its activity. In this study, we investigated and synthesized a series of analogues that have either a natural or an unnatural hydrophobic amino acid substitution at the fourth amino acid residue of Feleucin-K3. Among these analogues, Feleucin-K59 (K59), which has an α-(4-pentenyl)-Ala substitution, was shown to have increased antimicrobial activity against both standard and drug-resistant strains of clinical common bacteria, improved stability, no hemolytic activity at antimicrobial concentrations, and no resistance. In addition, K59 has potent antibiofilm activity in vitro. More importantly, K59 showed better antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against drug-resistant bacteria in in vivo experiments in mice than traditional antibiotics. In this preliminary study of the mechanism of action, we found that K59 could rapidly kill bacteria by a dual-action mechanism of disrupting the cell membrane and binding to intracellular DNA, thus making it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Vrancianu CO, Gheorghe I, Dobre EG, Barbu IC, Cristian RE, Popa M, Lee SH, Limban C, Vlad IM, Chifiriuc MC. Emerging Strategies to Combat β-Lactamase Producing ESKAPE Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8527. [PMID: 33198306 PMCID: PMC7697847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1929 as a therapeutic agent against staphylococci, β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) remained the most successful antibiotic classes against the majority of bacterial strains, reaching a percentage of 65% of all medical prescriptions. Unfortunately, the emergence and diversification of β-lactamases pose indefinite health issues, limiting the clinical effectiveness of all current BLAs. One solution is to develop β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs. In this review, we will briefly present the older and new BLAs classes, their mechanisms of action, and an update of the BLIs capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs against ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens. Subsequently, we will discuss several promising alternative approaches such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) cas technology, or vaccination developed to limit antimicrobial resistance in this endless fight against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Irina Gheorghe
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Roxana Elena Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marcela Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, 03674 Myongjiro, Yongin 449-728, Gyeonggido, Korea;
- National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia no.6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.); (I.M.V.)
| | - Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia no.6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.); (I.M.V.)
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Kapil S, Sharma V. d-Amino acids in antimicrobial peptides: a potential approach to treat and combat antimicrobial resistance. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:119-137. [PMID: 32783775 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the leading challenges in the human healthcare segment. Advances in antimicrobial resistance have triggered exploration of natural alternatives to stabilize its seriousness. Antimicrobial peptides are small, positively charged oligopeptides that are as potent as commercially available antibiotics against a wide spectrum of organisms, such as Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungal strains. In addition to their antibiotic capabilities, these peptides possess anticancer activity, activate the immune response, and regulate inflammation. Peptides have distinct modes of action and fall into various categories due to their amino acid composition. Although antimicrobial peptides specifically target the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, they can also target the cell nucleus and protein synthesis. Owing to the increasing demand for novel treatments against the threat of antimicrobial resistance, naturally synthesized peptides are a beneficial development concept. Antimicrobial peptides are pervasive and can easily be modified using de-novo synthesis technology. Antimicrobial peptides can be isolated from natural resources such as humans, plants, bacteria, and fungi. This review gives a brief overview of antimicrobial peptides and their diastereomeric composition. Other current trends, the future scope of antimicrobial peptides, and the role of d-amino acids are also discussed, with a specific emphasis on the design and development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kapil
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.,University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Vipasha Sharma
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.,University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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12
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Zhu J, Huang Y, Hu C, Huang Y, Chen M, He X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y. Inhibitory Effects and Mechanism of the Combined Use of α-Helical Peptides HPRP-A1/HPRP-A2 and Chlorhexidine Acetate Against Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Wolcott RD, Cook RG, Johnson E, Jones CE, Kennedy JP, Simman R, Woo K, Weir D, Schultz G, Hermans MH. A review of iodine-based compounds, with a focus on biofilms: results of an expert panel. J Wound Care 2020; 29:S38-S43. [PMID: 32654617 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup7.s38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms play a central role in the chronicity of non-healing lesions such as venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, biofilm management and treatment is now considered an essential part of wound care. Many antimicrobial treatments, whether topical or systemic, have been shown to have limited efficacy in the treatment of biofilm phenotypes. The antimicrobial properties of iodine compounds rely on multiple and diverse interactions to exert their effects on microorganisms. An expert panel, held in Las Vegas during the autumn Symposium on Advanced Wound Care meeting in 2018, discussed these properties, with the focus on iodine and iodophors and their effects on biofilm prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall G Cook
- Jackson Wound and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Montgomery, AL, US
| | - Eric Johnson
- Bozeman Deaconess Wound and Hyperbaric Center, Driggs, ID, US
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Woo
- Queen's School of Nursing, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Dot Weir
- Catholic Health Advanced Wound Healing Centers, Cheektowaga, NY, US
| | - Gregory Schultz
- Institute for Wound Research to Study Molecular and Cellular Regulation of Healing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
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14
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CPF-C1 analog with effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA. Biochimie 2020; 176:1-11. [PMID: 32590058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the ability to acquire and develop resistance to antibiotics has been described as a distinct strain emergence event. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is responsible for most global S. aureus bacteremia cases. Bacterial biofilms are one of the primary reasons for drug resistance. Biofilms formed by S. aureus are the most common cause of biofilm-associated infections, which increase the difficulty of treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent promising candidates for the future treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial and biofilm-associated infections. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of analogs to increase the druggability of the natural antimicrobial peptide CPF-C1. Among the analogs, CPF-2 showed high antimicrobial activity against MRSA and multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinics. In the serum and physiological salt environment, CPF-2 also exhibited effective antimicrobial activity. Importantly, CPF-2 did not determine resistance and showed no hemolytic activity at the active concentration. Concerning the mechanism of action, CPF-2 produced a rapid bactericidal effect by interrupting the bacterial membranes. Even more surprisingly, CPF-2 showed an excellent ability to prevent and eradicate biofilms caused by S. aureus and MRSA not only in vitro but also in vivo. Our results suggested that CPF-2 has potential as a lead compound to treat infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA, including the associated biofilms.
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15
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Synthesis and anti-pseudomonal activity of new ß-Ala modified analogues of the antimicrobial peptide anoplin. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151433. [PMID: 32654770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria around the world, AMPs (antimicrobial peptides), depending on non-specific membrane mechanism and low tendency to develop bacterial resistance, attract widespread attentions as novel antimicrobial alternatives for treating bacterial infections. In this study, a series of new β-Ala modified-antimicrobial peptide analogues of anoplin were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were described. Most of the new peptides showed perfect antimicrobial activities against two antibiotic-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and three clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains without significant hemolysis or cytotoxicity. More significantly, Ano-1β and Ano-8β (substituting positions 1 and 8 of anoplin with β-Ala, respectively) exhibited the best antimicrobial potency. Additionally, the two new peptides were stable under physiological conditions and displayed preferable in vivo antimicrobial activity with less acute toxicity. Notably, Ano-1β and Ano-8β hardly generated resistance in contrast to conventional antibiotics rifampicin and gentamicin, and they exhibited better anti-biofilm activity and synergistic or additive effects in combination with conventional antibiotics. What's more, Ano-1β and Ano-8β had strong membrane disruption as evidenced by outer membrane permeabilization and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization assays. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy further demonstrated that the two new peptides could destroy the bacterial membrane integrity. Collectively, the incorporation of β-Ala was a reasonable approach for new antimicrobial peptides design, and the new peptides Ano-1β and Ano-8β might be promising antimicrobial candidates in combating the increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Zhong C, Gou S, Liu T, Zhu Y, Zhu N, Liu H, Zhang Y, Xie J, Guo X, Ni J. Study on the effects of different dimerization positions on biological activity of partial d-Amino acid substitution analogues of Anoplin. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103871. [PMID: 31733278 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have recently attracted much attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, rapid microbial effects, and minimal tendency toward resistance development. In this study, a series of new C-C terminals and C-N terminals dimer peptides were designed and synthesized by intermolecular dimerization of the partial d-amino acid substitution analogues of Anoplin, and the effects of different dimerization positions on biological activity were researched. The antimicrobial activity and stability of the new C-C terminals and C-N terminals dimer peptides were significantly improved compared with their parent peptide Anoplin. They displayed no obvious hemolytic activity and lower cytotoxicity, with a higher therapeutic index. Furthermore, the new dimer peptides not only enabled to rapidly disrupt bacterial membrane and damage its integrity which was different from conventional antibiotics but also penetrated bacterial membrane into binding to intracellular genomic DNA. More importantly, the new dimer peptides showed excellent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant strains isolated from clinics in contrast to conventional antibiotics with low tendency to develop the bacterial resistance, besides they exhibited better anti-biofilm activity than antibiotic Rifampicin. Interestingly, the C-N terminals dimer peptides were superior to C-C terminals ones in antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, therapeutic index, outer membrane permeability, and DNA binding ability, whereas there were no noteworthy effects in different dimerization positions on stability. Thus, these data suggested that dimerization in different positions represented a potent strategy to develop novel antimicrobial agents for fighting against increasing bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuewen Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ningyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingman Ni
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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17
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Biofilms: Novel Strategies Based on Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070322. [PMID: 31295834 PMCID: PMC6680976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of drug resistance is very worrying and ever increasing. Resistance is due not only to the reckless use of antibiotics but also to the fact that pathogens are able to adapt to different conditions and develop self-defense mechanisms such as living in biofilms; altogether these issues make the search for alternative drugs a real challenge. Antimicrobial peptides appear as promising alternatives but they have disadvantages that do not make them easily applicable in the medical field; thus many researches look for solutions to overcome the disadvantages and ensure that the advantages can be exploited. This review describes the biofilm characteristics and identifies the key features that antimicrobial peptides should have. Recalcitrant bacterial infections caused by the most obstinate bacterial species should be treated with a strategy to combine conventional peptides functionalized with nano-tools. This approach could effectively disrupt high density infections caused by biofilms. Moreover, the importance of using in vivo non mammalian models for biofilm studies is described. In particular, here we analyze the use of amphibians as a model to substitute the rodent model.
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18
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Mulani MS, Kamble EE, Kumkar SN, Tawre MS, Pardesi KR. Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 30988669 PMCID: PMC6452778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acronym ESKAPE includes six nosocomial pathogens that exhibit multidrug resistance and virulence: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. Persistent use of antibiotics has provoked the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria, which render even the most effective drugs ineffective. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria have emerged as an important therapeutic challenge. Development of novel therapeutics to treat drug resistant infections, especially those caused by ESKAPE pathogens is the need of the hour. Alternative therapies such as use of antibiotics in combination or with adjuvants, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and photodynamic light therapy are widely reported. Many reviews published till date describe these therapies with respect to the various agents used, their dosage details and mechanism of action against MDR pathogens but very few have focused specifically on ESKAPE. The objective of this review is to describe the alternative therapies reported to treat ESKAPE infections, their advantages and limitations, potential application in vivo, and status in clinical trials. The review further highlights the importance of a combinatorial approach, wherein two or more therapies are used in combination in order to overcome their individual limitations, additional studies on which are warranted, before translating them into clinical practice. These advances could possibly give an alternate solution or extend the lifetime of current antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansura S Mulani
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ekta E Kamble
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shital N Kumkar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Madhumita S Tawre
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Karishma R Pardesi
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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