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Kawakami K, Ohya M, Yashiro M, Sonou T, Yamamoto S, Nakashima Y, Yano T, Tanaka Y, Ishida K, Kobashi S, Shigematsu T, Araki SI. Bisphosphonate FYB-931 Prevents High Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification in Rat Aortic Rings by Altering the Dynamics of the Transformation of Calciprotein Particles. Calcif Tissue Int 2023:10.1007/s00223-023-01086-z. [PMID: 37099142 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease develop vascular calcification, owing to impaired calcium and phosphate metabolism. The prevention of vascular calcification is important to improve the prognosis of such patients. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with FYB-931, a novel bisphosphonate compound, prevents vascular calcification in rat aortic rings cultured in high-phosphate medium for 9 days, assessed by measurement of the calcium content and the degree of calcium deposition, visualized using von Kossa staining. The effect on the transformation of calciprotein particles (CPPs) from primary to secondary CPPs was assessed using a fluorescent probe-based flow cytometric assay. FYB-931 dose-dependently prevented high phosphate-induced aortic calcification, but failed to rapidly cause the regression of high phosphate-induced vascular calcification once it had developed. Furthermore, the treatment dose-dependently inhibited the high phosphate-induced transformation from primary to secondary CPPs. In addition, the treatment with FYB-931 prevented the transformation from primary to secondary CPPs in vitamin D3-treated rats as a model of ectopic calcification, consistent with the results from rat aortic rings. In conclusion, treatment with FYB-931 prevents high phosphate-induced rat aortic vascular calcification by altering the dynamics of CPP transformation. This finding suggests that inhibition of the transformation from primary to secondary CPPs is an important target for the prevention of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kawakami
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohya
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Yashiro
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sonou
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shuto Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takuro Yano
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishida
- Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co. Ltd, Laboratory 2, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-0068, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobashi
- Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co. Ltd, Laboratory 1, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-0078, Japan
| | - Takashi Shigematsu
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
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Pan W, Jie W, Huang H. Vascular calcification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e200. [PMID: 36620697 PMCID: PMC9811665 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is recognized as a pathological vascular disorder associated with various diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, as well as chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is a life-threatening state for human health. There were several studies targeting mechanisms of VC that revealed the importance of vascular smooth muscle cells transdifferentiating, phosphorous and calcium milieu, as well as matrix vesicles on the progress of VC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of VC need to be elucidated. Though there is no acknowledged effective therapeutic strategy to reverse or cure VC clinically, recent evidence has proved that VC is not a passive irreversible comorbidity but an active process regulated by many factors. Some available approaches targeting the underlying molecular mechanism provide promising prospects for the therapy of VC. This review aims to summarize the novel findings on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of VC, including the role of inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron homeostasis, metabolic imbalance, and some related signaling pathways on VC progression. We also conclude some recent studies on controversial interventions in the clinical practice of VC, such as calcium channel blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitions, statins, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamins, and ion conditioning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Morikane S, Ishida K, Taniguchi T, Ashizawa N, Matsubayashi M, Kurita N, Kobashi S, Iwanaga T. Identification of a DBA/2 Mouse Sub-strain as a Model for Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum-Like Tissue Calcification. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1737-1744. [PMID: 38044132 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification in the cardiovascular system adversely affects life prognosis. DBA/2 mice experience calcification owing to low expression of Abcc6 as observed in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients; however, little is known about its characteristics as a calcification model. In this study, we explore the suitability of a DBA/2 sub-strain as a PXE-like tissue calcification model, and the effect of a bisphosphonate which prevents calcification of soft tissues in hypercalcemic models was evaluated. The incidence of calcification of the heart was compared among several sub-strains and between both sexes of DBA/2 mice. mRNA expression of calcification-related genes was compared with DBA/2 sub-strains and other mouse strains. In addition, progression of calcification and calciprotein particle formation in serum were examined. Among several sub-strains of DBA/2 mice, male DBA/2CrSlc mice showed the most remarkable cardiac calcification. In DBA/2CrSlc mice, expression of the anti-calcifying genes Abcc6, Enpp1 and Spp1 was lower than that in C57BL/6J, and expression of Enpp1 and Spp1 was lower compared with other sub-strains. Calcification was accompanied by accelerated formation of calciprotein particle, which was prevented by daily treatment with bisphosphonate. A model suitable for ectopic calcification was identified by choosing a sub-strain of DBA/2 mice, in which genetic characteristics would contribute to extended calcification.
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Turner ME, Bartoli‐Leonard F, Aikawa E. Small particles with large impact: Insights into the unresolved roles of innate immunity in extracellular vesicle‐mediated cardiovascular calcification. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:20-37. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Francesca Bartoli‐Leonard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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Ishida K, Ashizawa N, Morikane S, Kurita N, Kobashi S, Iwanaga T. Assessment of calciprotein particle formation by AUC of the absorbance change: effect of FYB-931, a novel bisphosphonate compound. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:947-955. [PMID: 33882129 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic calcification such as vascular calcification, involves the formation of calciprotein particle (CPP), that is, colloidal particle of calcium phosphate bound to serum protein. In this study, a novel parameter for CPP formation was introduced, thereby the effect of FYB-931, a bisphosphonate compound was evaluated. METHODS CPP formation in rat serum was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the change in absorbance over time, and the commonly used T50, as indices. In vivo, the rats were treated with vitamin D3 to induce vascular calcification and then intravenously administered FYB-931 or etidronate thrice weekly for 2 weeks. KEY FINDINGS In vitro, FYB-931 was the most potent inhibitor of CPP formation and it also inhibited the maximum response of CPP formation at higher concentrations. The AUC of the change in absorbance provided obvious dose-dependency, while T50 did not. FYB-931 dose-dependently prevented aortic calcification in vivo as well as CPP formation ex vivo more potently than etidronate. AUC showed a stronger correlation with the degree of aortic calcification than T50. CONCLUSIONS The AUC in CPP formation can be an alternative parameter that reflects calcification. Based on the findings, FYB-931 has potential as an anti-calcifying agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ishida
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shota Morikane
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Naoki Kurita
- Tokyo Headquarters, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobashi
- Research Laboratories 1, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Research Laboratories 2, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
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Li Y, Sun Z, Zhang L, Yan J, Shao C, Jing L, Li L, Wang Z. Role of Macrophages in the Progression and Regression of Vascular Calcification. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32457633 PMCID: PMC7227444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an abnormal cell-mediated process in which bone-specific hydroxyapatite crystals are actively deposited on the blood vessel wall and is a significant pathological basis for the increased incidence and mortality of adverse cardiovascular events. Macrophages play an important regulatory role in the occurrence, development, and regression of vascular calcification. After the tissue microenvironment changes, macrophages subsequently change their polarity and phenotype or secrete functional substances as an adaptive response. As research on macrophages continue to move into this field, we gain a new understanding of the mechanism of the formation and regression of vascular calcification, which might offer valuable new intervention targets for the prevention and inhibition of vascular calcification. This review summarizes a wealth of research in this field and explores the roles of macrophages in the development process of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Orriss IR. Extracellular pyrophosphate: The body's "water softener". Bone 2020; 134:115243. [PMID: 31954851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (ePPi) was first identified as a key endogenous inhibitor of mineralisation in the 1960's by Fleisch and colleagues. The main source of ePPi seems to be extracellular ATP which is continually released from cells in a controlled way. ATP is rapidly broken down by enzymes including ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases to produce ePPi. The major function of ePPi is to directly inhibit hydroxyapatite formation and growth meaning that this simple molecule acts as the body's own "water softener". However, studies have also shown that ePPi can influence gene expression and regulate its own production and breakdown. This review will summarise our current knowledge of ePPi metabolism and how it acts to prevent pathological soft tissue calcification and regulate physiological bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses recent developments in studies of lipid regulation of calcific disease of arteries and cardiac valves, including the role of nuclear receptors. The role of lipid-soluble signals and their receptors is timely given the recent evidence and concerns that lipid-lowering treatment may increase the rate of progression of coronary artery calcification, which has been long associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Understanding the mechanisms will be important for interpreting such clinical information. RECENT FINDINGS New findings support regulation of calcific vascular and valvular disease by nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors (liver X receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), and sex hormone (estrogen and androgen) receptors. There were two major unexpected findings: first, vitamin D supplementation, which was previously believed to prevent or reduce vascular calcification, showed no cardiovascular benefit in large randomized, controlled trials. Second, both epidemiological studies and coronary intravascular ultrasound studies suggest that treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors increases progression of coronary artery calcification, raising a question of whether there are mechanically stable and unstable forms of coronary calcification. SUMMARY For clinical practice and research, these new findings offer new fundamental mechanisms for vascular calcification and provide new cautionary insights for therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679
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