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Hou JL, Yang WY, Zhang Q, Feng H, Wang XB, Li H, Zhou S, Xiao SM. Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Metabolic Characteristics of Exercise-Improved Bone Mass. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071694. [PMID: 37049535 PMCID: PMC10097349 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining bone mass. The aim of this study was to detect the exercise-induced metabolic changes in bone tissue of zebrafish. (2) Methods: Thirty-eight zebrafish (Danio rerio, six months old) were analyzed. The exercise group (n = 19) received 8 weeks of counter-current swimming training. The control group (n = 19) was not subjected to exercise. Mineralization was quantified, and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and anti-tartrate acid phosphatase (Trap) activities were estimated (n = 12). The metabolomics (n = 12) and transcriptomics (n = 14) data of bone tissue were used for the integration analyses. (3) Results: The results showed that the exercise training improved the bone mineralization of zebrafish, e.g., the exercise group (5.74 × 104 ± 7.63 × 103) had a higher mean optical density than the control group (5.26 × 104 ± 8.56 × 103, p = 0.046) for the caudal vertebrae. The amount of mineralized matrix in scales of the exercised zebrafish was also higher (0.156 ± 0.012 vs. 0.102 ± 0.003, p = 0.005). Both histological staining and biochemical analysis revealed increased Alp activity (0.81 ± 0.26 vs. 0.76 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) and decreased Trap activity (1.34 ± 0.01 vs. 1.36 ± 0.01, p = 0.005) in the exercise group. A total of 103 different metabolites (DMs, VIP ≥ 1, fold change (FC) ≥ 1.20 or ≤0.83, p < 0.050) were identified. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis were the significantly enriched metabolic pathways (p < 0.050). A total of 35 genes (q ≤ 0.050 (BH), |Log2FC| ≥ 0.5) were coenriched with the 103 DMs in the four identified pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis of the 35 genes showed that entpd3, entpd1, and cmpk2 were the core genes. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis contributed to exercise-induced improvements in bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.-M.X.); Tel.: +86-20-8757-7692 (S.Z.); +86-20-8733-0151 (S.-M.X.)
| | - Su-Mei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.-M.X.); Tel.: +86-20-8757-7692 (S.Z.); +86-20-8733-0151 (S.-M.X.)
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Effect of resistance exercise on bone health of old aged individuals: Review. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Effect of Exercise on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Bone Angiogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8171897. [PMID: 31139653 PMCID: PMC6500645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8171897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity or appropriate exercise prevents the development of osteoporosis. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear although it is well accepted that exercise or mechanical loading regulates the hormones, cytokines, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNAs in bone. Accumulating evidence has shown that bone is a highly vascularized tissue, and dysregulation of vasculature is associated with many bone diseases such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. In addition, exercise or mechanical loading regulates bone vascularization in bone microenvironment via the modulation of angiogenic mediators, which play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal health. This review discusses the effects of exercise and its underlying mechanisms for osteoporosis prevention, as well as an angiogenic and osteogenic coupling in response to exercise.
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Chen X, Li L, Guo J, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Chen B, Sun Z, Xu J, Zou J. Treadmill running exercise prevents senile osteoporosis and upregulates the Wnt signaling pathway in SAMP6 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71072-71086. [PMID: 27661008 PMCID: PMC5342064 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities and durations on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) and determined the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in exercise-induced osteogenesis. Three-month-old male SAMP6 mice were randomly assigned to different speeds of treadmill running exercise representing low, medium and high intensity, with the duration of five and nine weeks, respectively. We showed that medium-intensity exercise had positive effects on skeletal health, including BMD and bone strength, and the efficacy was higher than that of low-intensity exercise. Interestingly, high-intensity exercise can maintain or even increase bone strength, despite its negative effects on bone mass. Nine weeks of exercise was superior to 5 weeks of exercise, particularly for low-intensity exercise. Furthermore, these effects of exercise-induced osteogenesis are accompanied by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the positive effects of exercise on osteoporosis prevention are intensity and duration-dependent, and may involve the regulation of Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lihui Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Binglin Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongguang Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Constâncio C, Pagani BT, Azevedo RMGD, Grion DP, Marques L, Kinoshita A. Effect of ovariectomy in bone structure of mandibular condyle. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:843-852. [PMID: 29160371 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170100000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the bone structure of the mandibular condyle through an animal model, after ovariectomy. METHODS Thirty-six female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups. The OVX group was submitted to bilateral ovariectomy, the SHAM group underwent the same surgical treatment, but without removal of the ovaries. After 90, 105 and 135 days after surgery, six animals from each group were submitted to euthanasia and the part containing the condyle was removed. RESULTS The microscopic analysis shows an increase in marrow spaces over time in the OVX group. The morphometric study shows reduction in the amount of bone tissue in the OVX group 135 days period in comparison with for the initial period (90 days) (p <0.05, ANOVA, Tukey). CONCLUSION The estrogen deficiency also affects the bone structure of the condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Constâncio
- DDS, Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru-SP, Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; histopathological examinations; final approval
| | - Bruna Trazzi Pagani
- MsC, Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, USC, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; histopathological examinations; final approval
| | - Regina Magrini Guedes de Azevedo
- PhD, Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, USC, BaurSP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; manuscript preparation; critical revision; final approval
| | - Dalva Pazzini Grion
- PhD, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Centro Universitário de Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina-SP, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; manuscript preparation; critical revision; final approval
| | - Leonardo Marques
- PhD, Hospital Dentistry Division, Beneficent Hospital UNIMAR, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Brazil. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing, critical revision, final approval
| | - Angela Kinoshita
- PhD, Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, USC, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; statistical analysis; manuscript preparation and writing; critical revision; final approval
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Nicolielo L, Jacobs R, Ali Albdour E, Hoste X, Abeloos J, Politis C, Swennen G. Is oestrogen associated with mandibular condylar resorption? A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:1394-1402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bott KN, Sacco SM, Turnbull PC, Longo AB, Ward WE, Peters SJ. Skeletal site-specific effects of endurance running on structure and strength of tibia, lumbar vertebrae, and mandible in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:597-604. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone strength are affected positively by impact activities such as running; however, there are discrepancies in the magnitude of these effects. These inconsistencies are mainly a result of varying training protocols, analysis techniques, and whether or not the skeletal sites measured are weight bearing. This study’s purpose was to determine the effects of endurance running on sites that experience different weight bearing and load. Eight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a group with a progressive treadmill running protocol (25 m/min for 1 h, incline of 10%) or a nontrained control group for 8 weeks. The trabecular structure of the tibia, lumbar vertebra (L3), and mandible and the cortical structure at the tibia midpoint were measured using microcomputed tomography to quantify bone volume fraction (i.e., bone volume divided by total volume (BV/TV)), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and cortical thickness. BMD at the proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae (L1–L3), and mandible was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The tibia midpoint strength was measured by 3-point bending using a materials testing system. Endurance running resulted in superior bone structure at the proximal tibia (12% greater BV/TV (p = 0.03), 14% greater Tb.N (p = 0.01), and 19% lower Tb.Sp (p = 0.05)) but not at other sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, mandible bone structure was altered after endurance training (8% lower BV/TV (p < 0.01) and 15% lower Tb.Th (p < 0.01)), which may be explained by a lower food intake, resulting in less mechanical loading from chewing. These results highlight the site-specific effects of loading on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N. Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sandra M. Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Patrick C. Turnbull
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Amanda B. Longo
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Wendy E. Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sandra J. Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Krishnamoorthy D, Frechette DM, Adler BJ, Green DE, Chan ME, Rubin CT. Marrow adipogenesis and bone loss that parallels estrogen deficiency is slowed by low-intensity mechanical signals. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:747-56. [PMID: 26323329 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ovariectomized mice were used to assess the ability of low-intensity vibrations to protect bone microarchitecture and marrow composition. Results indicate that low-intensity vibrations (LIV), introduced 2 weeks postsurgery, slows marrow adipogenesis in OVX mice but does not restore the bone within the period studied. However, immediate application of LIV partially protects quality. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate consequences of estrogen depletion on bone marrow (BM) phenotype and bone microarchitecture, and effects of mechanical signals delivered as LIV on modulating these changes. METHODS LIV (0.3 g, 90 Hz) was applied to C57BL/6 mice immediately following ovariectomy or 2 weeks postestrogen withdrawal for 2 (ST-LIV) or 6 weeks (LT-LIV), respectively. Sham-operated age-matched controls (ST-AC, LT-AC) and ovariectomized controls (ST-OVX, LT-OVX) received sham LIV treatment. Bone microstructure was evaluated through μCT and BM adipogenesis through histomorphometry, serum markers, and genes expression analysis. RESULTS LT-OVX increased BM adipogenesis relative to LT-AC (+136 %, p ≤ 0.05), while LT-LIV introduced for 6w suppressed this adipose encroachment (-55 %, p ≤ 0.05). In parallel with the fatty marrow, LT-OVX showed a marked loss of trabecular bone, -40 % (p ≤ 0.05) in the first 2 weeks following ovariectomy compared to LT-AC. Application of LT-LIV for 6w following this initial 2w bone loss failed to restore the lost trabeculae but did initiate an anabolic response as indicated by increased serum alkaline phosphatase (+26 %, p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, application of LIV immediately following ovariectomy was more efficacious in the protection of trabecular bone, with a +29 % (p > 0.05) greater BV/TV compared to ST-OVX at the 2w time period. CONCLUSIONS LIV can mitigate adipocyte accumulation in OVX marrow and protect it by favoring osteoblastogenesis over adipogenesis. These data also emphasize the rapidity of bone loss with OVX and provide perspective in the timing of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis where sooner is better than later.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D M Frechette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - B J Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D E Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M E Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Huang TH, Su IH, Lewis JL, Chang MS, Hsu AT, Perrone CE, Ables GP. Effects of methionine restriction and endurance exercise on bones of ovariectomized rats: a study of histomorphometry, densitometry, and biomechanical properties. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:517-26. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00395.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary methionine restriction (MetR) and endurance exercise on bone quality under a condition of estrogen deficiency, female Sprague-Dawley rats (36-wk-old) were assigned to a sham surgery group or one of five ovariectomized groups subjected to interventions of no treatment (Ovx), endurance exercise (Exe), methionine restriction (MetR), methionine restriction plus endurance exercise (MetR + Exe), and estrogen treatment (Est). Rats in the exercise groups were subjected to a treadmill running regimen. MetR and control diets contained 0.172 and 0.86% methionine, respectively. After the 12-wk intervention, all animals were killed, and serum and bone tissues were collected for analyses. Compared with estrogen treatment, MetR diet and endurance exercise showed better or equivalent efficiency in reducing body weight gain caused by ovariectomy ( P < 0.05). Whereas only the Est group showed evidence for reduced bone turnover compared with the Ovx group, MetR diet and/or endurance exercise demonstrated efficiencies in downregulating serum insulin, leptin, triglyceride, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( P < 0.05). Both the Exe and MetR groups showed higher femoral cortical and total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), but only the Exe and Est groups preserved cancellous bone volume and/or vBMD of distal femora ( P < 0.05) compared with the Ovx group. After being normalized to body mass, femora of the MetR and MetR + Exe groups had relatively higher bending strength and dimension values followed by the Sham, Exe, and Est groups ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, both MetR diet and endurance exercise improved cortical bone properties, but only endurance exercise preserved cancellous bone under estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-Hai Huang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiu Su
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jack L. Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ar-Tyan Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Carmen E. Perrone
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York
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Salamanna F, Maglio M, Giavaresi G, Pagani S, Giardino R, Fini M. In vitro method for the screening and monitoring of estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis by targeting peripheral circulating monocytes. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9819. [PMID: 26250906 PMCID: PMC5005821 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss occurs insidiously and initially asymptomatically; therefore, osteoporosis is frequently diagnosed only after the first clinical fracture. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis is that by simply observing the behavior of cultured peripheral monocytes, it might be possible to diagnose altered bone remodeling and, therefore, limit the complications associated with osteoporosis, especially fractures. Monocytes isolated as mononuclear precursors from healthy and ovariectomized rats were cultured both in basal and differentiation medium for up to 3 weeks. Viability and differentiation capability towards the osteoclastic phenotype was checked by light microscopy at early times, whereas differentiation state and synthetic activity (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining; phalloidin, fluorescin isothiocynate (FITC) staining, cathepsin K, metalloproteinase 7 and 9, MMP-7 and MMP-9) were measured at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Compared to their controls, monocytes isolated from ovariectomized rats proliferate and lean toward the osteoclastic phenotype in the absence of differentiating factors. In both culture conditions, osteoclasts from ovariectomized rats showed significantly higher productions of cathepsin K, MMP-7, and MMP-9 than those of cells isolated from healthy rats, steadily over time. These results obtained in an animal osteoporotic model, if confirmed by clinical studies, open up the possibility to assess the presence of an alteration in bone remodeling with a simple in vitro diagnostic test requiring a small blood sample and less than 48 h. This might allow to early select patients with a spontaneous viability and differentiation of monocytes to osteoclasts for further diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Rizzoli Research Innovation Technology, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy,
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Li L, Chen X, Lv S, Dong M, Zhang L, Tu J, Yang J, Zhang L, Song Y, Xu L, Zou J. Influence of exercise on bone remodeling-related hormones and cytokines in ovariectomized rats: a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112845. [PMID: 25393283 PMCID: PMC4231162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of exercise on postmenopausal osteoporosis and the mechanisms by which exercise affects bone remodeling. Sixty-three Wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) sham-operated group, (3) OVX (Ovariectomy) group, (4) DES-OVX (Diethylstilbestrol-OVX) group, and (5) Ex-OVX (Exercise-OVX) group. The rat osteoporosis model was established through ovariectomy. The Ex-OVX rats were made to run 251.2 meters every day, 6 d/wk for 3 months in a running wheel. Trabecular bone volume (TBV%), total resorption surface (TRS%), trabecular formation surface (TFS%), mineralization rate (MAR), bone cortex mineralization rate (mAR), and osteoid seam width (OSW) were determined by bone histomorphometry. The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum levels of estrogen estradiol (E2), calcitonin (CT), osteocalcin (BGP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined by ELISA assays. The investigation revealed that compared to the control and the sham-operated groups, the OVX group showed significantly lower levels of TBV%, E2, and CT, but much higher levels of TRS%, TFS%, MAR, OSW, BGP, and PTH. The Ex-OVX group showed increased TBV% and serum levels of E2 and CT compared to the OVX group. Ovariectomy also led to a significant increase in IL-1β mRNA and protein levels in the bone marrow and IL-6 and Cox-2 protein levels in tibias. In addition, the Ex-OVX group showed lower levels of IL-1 mRNA and protein, IL-6 mRNA, and Cox-2 mRNA and protein than those in the OVX group. The upshot of the study suggests that exercise can significantly increase bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat models by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone formation, especially in trabecular bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Dong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaheng Tu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Song
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiting Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Scientific Research Department, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Mavropoulos A, Kiliaridis S, Rizzoli R, Ammann P. Normal masticatory function partially protects the rat mandibular bone from estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis. J Biomech 2014; 47:2666-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Kosugi K, Yonezu H, Kawashima S, Honda K, Arai Y, Shibahara T. A longitudinal study of the effect of experimental osteoporosis on bone trabecular structure in the rat mandibular condyle. Cranio 2013; 31:140-50. [PMID: 23795404 DOI: 10.1179/crn.2013.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors performed a longitudinal study of the microstructural changes occurring in the mandibular condyle during osteoporosis using the findings obtained from micro-CT. The subjects used in this study were eight Sprague-Dawley rats. Among them, five were administered the immunosuppressant drug FK506 by injection for five weeks, while the other three were administered saline solution in the same manner. Micro-CT images were taken of the bilateral mandibular condyle, hip, and knee joints in all animals on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 following injection. Six indices of morphometric analysis were compared between the two groups. Significant differences were observed in BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp in the mandibular condyle, while trabecular bone density appeared to decrease in the immunosuppressant group on three-dimensional (3D) imaging. And, in comparison with the mandibular condyle and femur, they were similar. These results suggested that osteoporosis affects not only the femur, but also the mandibular condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kosugi
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Fontinele RG, Mariotti VB, Vazzoleré AM, Ferrão JSP, Junior JRK, De Souza RR. Menopause, exercise, and knee. What happens? Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:381-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gabriel Fontinele
- Department of Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Valquiria Barboza Mariotti
- Department of Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Amanda Messias Vazzoleré
- Department of Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Kfoury Junior
- Department of Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; Brazil
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Chang TK, Huang CH, Huang CH, Chen HC, Cheng CK. The influence of long-term treadmill exercise on bone mass and articular cartilage in ovariectomized rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:185. [PMID: 20727126 PMCID: PMC2936345 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of bone quality and deterioration of articular cartilage are commonly seen after menopause. While exercise may protect against tissue degeneration, a clear link has yet to be established. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of long-term treadmill exercise on changes in bone mass and articular cartilage in ovariectomized rats. Methods Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized plus treadmill exercise (OVX-RUN), treadmill exercise alone (RUN), and control (CON) groups. After 36 weeks, the following variables were compared among the 4 groups. Bone mass was evaluated by trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density (BMD). Articular cartilage in the knee joints was evaluated by histology analysis and a modified Mankin score. Results Rats in the ovariectomized groups (OVX and OVX-RUN) had significantly lower BMD and bone mass than the non-ovariectomized rats (CON and RUN), indicating that exercise did little to preserve bone mass. However, the sedentary OVX group had a significantly worse modified Mankin score (7.7 ± 1.4) than the OVX-RUN group (4.8 ± 1.0), whose scores did not differ significantly from the other 2 non-operated groups. The articular cartilage in the sedentary OVX rats was relatively thinner, hypocellular, and had more clefts than in the other 3 groups. Conclusion This study suggests that long-term exercise protects articular cartilage in OVX rats but does not retard the loss of bone mass seen in after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mahl CRW, Fontanella V. Evaluation by digital subtraction radiography of induced changes in the bone density of the female rat mandible. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:438-44. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/58263510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Rogers CJ, Colbert LH, Greiner JW, Perkins SN, Hursting SD. Physical activity and cancer prevention : pathways and targets for intervention. Sports Med 2008; 38:271-96. [PMID: 18348589 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838040-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, an established epidemiological risk factor for many cancers, has risen steadily for the past several decades in the US and many other countries. Particularly alarming are the increasing rates of obesity among children, portending continuing increases in the rates of obesity and obesity-related cancers for many years to come. Modulation of energy balance, via increased physical activity, has been shown in numerous comprehensive epidemiological reviews to reduce cancer risk. Unfortunately, the effects and mechanistic targets of physical activity interventions on the carcinogenesis process have not been thoroughly characterized. Studies to date suggest that exercise can exert its cancer-preventive effects at many stages during the process of carcinogenesis, including both tumour initiation and progression. As discussed in this review, exercise may be altering tumour initiation events by modifying carcinogen activation, specifically by enhancing the cytochrome P450 system and by enhancing selective enzymes in the carcinogen detoxification pathway, including, but not limited to, glutathione-S-transferases. Furthermore, exercise may reduce oxidative damage by increasing a variety of anti-oxidant enzymes, enhancing DNA repair systems and improving intracellular protein repair systems. In addition to altering processes related to tumour initiation, exercise may also exert a cancer-preventive effect by dampening the processes involved in the promotion and progression stages of carcinogenesis, including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS); altering cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation; decreasing inflammation; enhancing immune function; and suppressing angiogenesis. A paucity of data exists as to whether exercise may be working as an anti-promotion strategy via altering ROS in initiated or preneoplastic models; therefore, no conclusions can be made about this possible mechanism. The studies directly examining cell proliferation and apoptosis have shown that exercise can enhance both processes, which is difficult to interpret in the context of carcinogenesis. Studies examining the relationship between exercise and chronic inflammation suggest that exercise may reduce pro-inflammatory mediators and reduce the state of low-grade, chronic inflammation. Additionally, exercise has been shown to enhance components of the innate immune response (i.e. macrophage and natural killer cell function). Finally, only a limited number of studies have explored the relationship between exercise and angiogenesis; therefore, no conclusions can be made currently about the role of exercise in the angiogenesis process as it relates to tumour progression. In summary, exercise can alter biological processes that contribute to both anti-initiation and anti-progression events in the carcinogenesis process. However, more sophisticated, detailed studies are needed to examine each of the potential mechanisms contributing to an exercise-induced decrease in carcinogenesis in order to determine the minimum dose, duration and frequency of exercise needed to yield significant cancer-preventive effects, and whether exercise can be used prescriptively to reverse the obesity-induced physiological changes that increase cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Rogers
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Mahl CRW, Fontanella V. Optimal parameters for lateral oblique radiographs of rat mandibles. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:224-7. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/32763038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Posterolateral intertransverse spinal fusion possible in osteoporotic rats with BMP-7 in a higher dose delivered on a composite carrier. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:242-9. [PMID: 18303455 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318162451b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Posterolateral intertransverse process spinal fusion (PLF) was performed in ovariectomized female rats using recombinant human BMP-7 (OP-1) delivered on a composite carrier. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether BMP-7 collagen on a composite carrier in a higher dose will enhance posterolateral spinal fusion in an estrogen deficiency rat model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by bone remodeling skewed in favor of excess bone resorption. This makes new bone formation and fixation of metallic implants difficult. Thus, treating osteoporotic patients who require posterior spinal fusion is challenging. Ovariectomized rats have been used as an osteoporotic model for posterolateral intertransverse process fusion. We have demonstrated in the past that endochondral bone formation in osteoporotic rats is delayed when compared with rats without osteoporosis. We have also shown that OP-1 Putty (BMP-7, collagen, and carboxy-methyl-cellulose) can overcome the effects of osteoporosis in a rat fracture model. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether BMP-7 collagen composite carrier (Calstrux) can achieve a fusion in a process spinal fusion model in osteoporotic bone. METHODS A total of 42 ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to 4 control and 2 experimental groups: (1) no Calstrux, no BMP; (2) 400 mg Calstrux alone; (3) 30 microg lactose + 400 mg Calstrux; (4) 90 microg lactose + 400 mg Calstrux; (5) 30 microg rhBMP-7 + 400 mg Calstrux; and (6) 90 microg rhBMP-7 + 400 mg Calstrux. Spinal fusion was evaluated by manual motion testing, microradiographs, computed tomographic scans, DEXA scans, and histology. RESULTS Ovariectomized rats receiving Calstrux alone or either dose of lactose and Calstrux did not show spinal fusion. Ovariectomized rats receiving 90 microg BMP-7 + 400 mg Calstrux showed significantly higher fusion rates than these control animals. (P < 0.0001). The rats receiving 30 microg BMP-7 + 400 mg Calstrux exhibited only partial fusion. CONCLUSION BMP-7, delivered on a composite carrier, is able to overcome the detrimental effects of estrogen deficiency on posterolateral spinal fusion and generate a relatively robust fusion. The effect seems to be dose dependent.
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Mavropoulos A, Rizzoli R, Ammann P. Different responsiveness of alveolar and tibial bone to bone loss stimuli. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:403-10. [PMID: 17181394 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mandibular and systemic bone loss are poorly associated. We compared the effect of isocaloric protein undernutrition and/or ovariectomy on BMD and microstructure of mandibular alveolar and proximal tibia sites in adult rats. Mandibular bone was significantly less affected. INTRODUCTION Whether mandibular bone and axial or peripheral skeleton respond similarly to systemic bone loss remains a subject of controversy. We have previously shown that mechanical loading during mastication influences bone mass and architecture of the mandibular alveolar bone. Isocaloric protein undernutrition and ovariectomy are known to cause bone loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture at various axial and peripheral skeletal sites. We studied how the mandible, which is subjected to heavy, abrupt, and intermittent forces during mastication, responds to low-protein intake and/or ovariectomy and compared this response to that of the proximal tibia in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent transabdominal ovariectomy (OVX; n=22) or sham operation (n=22) and were pair-fed isocaloric diets containing either 15% or 2.5% casein (sham 15%, n=11; sham 2.5%, n=11; OVX 15%, n=11; and OVX 2.5%, n=11) for 16 weeks. BMD and bone microarchitecture parameters (e.g., bone volume fraction [BV/TV] and trabecular thickness and number) of the mandible and the proximal tibia were measured at the end of the experiment using DXA and microCT. RESULTS Mandibular alveolar bone was negatively influenced by both protein undernutrition and OVX, but to a significantly lesser extent than the proximal tibia. In sham-operated animals, low-protein intake led to a 17.3% reduction of BV/TV in the mandible and 84.6% in the tibia (p<0.001). In normal protein diet-fed animals, OVX led to a reduction of BV/TV of 4.9% in the mandible but 82% in the tibia (p<0.001). In the mandible, protein undernutrition resulted in thinner trabeculae (p<0.05), whereas OVX led to a reduction of trabecular number (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mandibular alveolar bone was found to be less sensitive to either protein undernutrition or OVX than the proximal tibia spongiosa. We hypothesize that the mechanical loading of the alveolar process during mastication may protect the alveolar bone from the detrimental effects observed in other skeletal sites, such as the proximal tibia. Morphological and embryological differences between the two skeletal sites might also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anestis Mavropoulos
- Division of Bone Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis Prevention, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Wallace JM, Rajachar RM, Chen XD, Shi S, Allen MR, Bloomfield SA, Les CM, Robey PG, Young MF, Kohn DH. The mechanical phenotype of biglycan-deficient mice is bone- and gender-specific. Bone 2006; 39:106-16. [PMID: 16527557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biglycan (bgn) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) enriched in the extracellular matrix of skeletal tissues. While bgn is known to be involved in the growth and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells and regulation of collagen fibril formation, it is unclear how these functions impact bone's geometric and mechanical properties, properties which are integral to the structural function of bone. Because the genetic control of bone structure and function is both local- and gender-specific and because there is evidence of gender-specific effects associated with genetic deficiencies, it was hypothesized that the engineered deletion of the gene encoding bgn would result in a cortical bone mechanical phenotype that was bone- and gender-specific. In 11-week-old C57BL6/129 mice, the cortical bone in the mid-diaphyses of the femora and tibiae of both genders was examined. Phenotypic changes in bgn-deficient mice relative to wild type controls were assayed by four-point bending tests to determine mechanical properties at the whole bone (structural) and tissue levels, as well as analyses of bone geometry and bone formation using histomorphometry. Of the bones examined, bgn deficiency most strongly affected the male tibiae, where enhanced cross-sectional geometric properties and bone mineral density were accompanied by decreased tissue-level yield strength and pre-yield structural deformation and energy dissipation. Because pre-yield properties alone were impacted, this implies that the gene deletion causes important alterations in mineral and/or the matrix/mineral ultrastructure and suggests a new understanding of the functional role of bgn in regulating bone mineralization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, and Henry Ford Hospital, Bone and Joint Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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García-Pérez MA, Noguera I, Hermenegildo C, Martínez-Romero A, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Alterations in the phenotype and function of immune cells in ovariectomy-induced osteopenic mice. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:880-7. [PMID: 16459351 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the last few years, much evidence has been presented on the involvement of the immune system in certain types of bone loss, such as activated T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and in periodontitis. Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss; however, how this deficiency affects the immune system has not been sufficiently studied. METHODS To evaluate the effects of estrogen withdrawal on the status and functionality of the immune system, mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated, and 5 weeks after surgery, when osteopenia had developed, several parameters were analysed in spleen and in bone marrow. We analysed bone turnover, cell phenotype by flow cytometry, cell function by cell proliferation assays, and the expression of several genes related to the process. RESULTS Five weeks after ovariectomy, augmented osteoclastogenesis persisted in the bone marrow. In addition, the ovariectomized mice had more B-cells and CD3+ T-cells expressing the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (CD3+/RANKL+). The ovariectomized mice had lower serum alkaline phosphatase activity, a normal amount of T cells, lower percentages of CD11b+ and CD51+ cells in the bone marrow, and a lower serum interferon-gamma level compared with sham-operated controls. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that, 5 weeks after ovariectomy, bone turnover remains imbalanced, with increased osteoclastogenesis and a decreased rate of bone formation. Moreover, there is an increase in B-cell formation, with normal and decreased percentages of T cells and myelomonocytic cells (CD11b+), respectively, in the bone marrow. Decreased serum interferon-gamma levels could be involved in the increased osteoclastogenesis found in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-Pérez
- Research Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Moazzaz P, Gupta MC, Gilotra MM, Gilotra MN, Maitra S, Theerajunyaporn T, Chen JL, Reddi AH, Martin RB. Estrogen-dependent actions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 on spine fusion in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30:1706-11. [PMID: 16094270 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000172230.01655.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Intertransverse process spinal fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) was performed in intact and ovariectomized female rats. OBJECTIVES To examine fusion rates in intact and ovariectomized female rats using rhBMP-7 to determine if spine fusion is dependent on estrogen status. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Rat spinal fusion has been established as a consistent, efficient model for posterolateral intertransverse process fusion. Previous experiments have confirmed the efficacy of pellets containing the carrier, insoluble collagen bone matrix (ICBM), and rhBMP-7 to augment intertransverse process single level fusion in a rat model. Studying these implications in an osteoporosis model is of clinical value because there are many patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery that have osteoporotic bone disease, and there is a steady increase in this group of patients. METHODS A total of 15 ovariectomized and 15 intact Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups receiving 25 mg ICBM alone, 25 mg ICBM + 10 microg rhBMP-7, and 25 mg ICBM + 30 microg rhBMP-7. Spinal fusion was evaluated by manual motion testing at each lumbar segment, radiographic evaluation using the Lenke grading system, and histology. RESULTS Ovariectomized and intact rats receiving 25 mg carrier ICBM alone did not show spinal fusion. With 25 mg ICBM + 10 microg rhBMP-7, there was not a significant difference in fusion rates between intact and ovariectomized rats (P = 0.63). Ovariectomized rats receiving 25 mg ICBM + 30 microg rhBMP-7 showed significantly lower fusion rates than intact rats (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION These data suggest that spinal fusion using rhBMP-7 is estrogen-dependent in rats. At the dosages used, rhBMP-7 was unable to overcome the inhibitory effects of estrogen deficiency on spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Moazzaz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Remes T, Väisänen SB, Mahonen A, Huuskonen J, Kröger H, Jurvelin JS, Penttilä IM, Rauramaa R. The association of bone metabolism with bone mineral density, serum sex hormone concentrations, and regular exercise in middle-aged men. Bone 2004; 35:439-47. [PMID: 15268895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is an important factor in attaining bone mass. Our aim was to investigate if low to moderate intensity exercise affects bone resorption [serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b activity] and formation (serum osteocalcin concentration) in a randomized controlled exercise intervention trial in Finnish middle-aged men. In addition, the relations of these bone turnover markers with bone mineral density (BMD) and serum sex hormone concentrations [circulating testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations] were evaluated. Serum TRAP 5b activity and osteocalcin concentration were measured at randomization and after 1 and 4 years of the exercise intervention. BMDs of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and total proximal femur were measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At randomization, TRAP 5b activity was strongly correlated with the osteocalcin concentration (Spearman r = 0.541, P < 0.0001). In addition, TRAP 5b activity was significantly correlated with proximal femur BMD values (r = -0.201, P = 0.018) and osteocalcin concentration with femoral neck and proximal femur BMD values (r = -0.187, P = 0.028; r = -0.240, P = 0.005, respectively). Serum E2, free E2, and free T concentrations were inversely correlated with both bone turnover markers. After 1 year of exercise intervention, TRAP 5b activity was significantly lower in the exercise than reference group (P = 0.006). However, after 4 years of exercise intervention, the difference was no longer statistically significant. There were no differences in the osteocalcin concentrations between the study groups during the intervention. Our results show a connection between serum TRAP 5b activity and osteocalcin concentration. Furthermore, our results suggest that low to moderate exercise intervention and serum sex hormone concentrations may induce changes in bone metabolism in middle-aged men. However, exercise-induced effects on bone metabolism should be confirmed in other randomized controlled exercise trials taking into account exercise intensity and dose-response issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Remes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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