Metal coordination and peripheral substitution modulate the activity of cyclic tetrapyrroles on αS aggregation: a structural and cell-based study

A water-soluble manganese(II) octanediaoate/phenanthroline complex acts as an antioxidant and attenuates alpha-synuclein toxicity

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress, a well-known process associated with aging and several human pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of synthetic compounds have been described as antioxidant enzyme mimics, capable of eliminating ROS and/or reducing oxidative damage. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a water-soluble 1,10-phenantroline-octanediaoate Mn²⁺-complex on cells under oxidative stress, and assessed its capacity to attenuate alpha-synuclein (aSyn) toxicity and aggregation, a process associated with increased oxidative stress. This Mn²⁺-complex exhibited a significant antioxidant potential, reducing intracelular oxidation and increasing oxidative stress resistance in S. cerevisiae cells and in vivo, in G. mellonella, increasing the activity of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Strikingly, the Mn²⁺-complex reduced both aSyn oligomerization and aggregation in human cell cultures and, using NMR and DFT/molecular docking we confirmed its interaction with the C-terminal region of aSyn. In conclusion, the Mn²⁺-complex appears as an excellent lead for the design of new phenanthroline derivatives as alternative compounds for preventing oxidative damages and oxidative stress - related diseases.