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Wu Z, Tian J, Wei D, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Di P. Effects of thickness and polishing treatment on the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:579. [PMID: 37598167 PMCID: PMC10440033 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials for prosthetic is gaining popularity in dentistry. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of thickness and roughening treatment on the optical properties of contemporary CAD-CAM restorative materials. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM materials in response to different thicknesses and roughening treatments. METHODS Six dental CAD-CAM materials, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VE), resin-nano ceramic glass-ceramic (LAVA Ultimate, LU), polymethyl methacrylate (Telio CAD, TE), and two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD), in shade A2 were prepared as 12 × 12mm2 specimens of four thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm) (N = 240, n = 10). After three different treatments (polished, roughened by SiC P800-grit, and SiC P300-grit), the translucency parameter (TP00) and opalescence parameter (OP) were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The surface roughness was analyzed with a shape measurement laser microscope. The data were analyzed using a MANOVA, post hoc Tukey-Kramer test, the t test, and regression analysis (α = .05). RESULTS The TP00 and OP were significantly influenced by material type, thickness and roughening treatment (P < .05). TP00 showed a continues decline with increasing thicknesses, while the variations of OP were material-dependent. TP00 ranged from 37.80 (LS in 0.5mm) to 5.66 (VS in 2.0mm), and OP ranged from 5.66 (LU in 0.5mm) to 9.55 (VS in 0.5mm). The variations in TP00 of all materials between adjacent thicknesses ranged from 2.10 to 15.29, exceeding the acceptable translucency threshold except for LU. Quadratic and logarithmic regression curves exhibited the best fit for TP00 among the materials. Compared to polished specimens, rougher specimens exhibited lower TP00 and higher OP in all materials except for LS (P < 0.05). Roughening with P300-grit decreased TP00 and OP by an average of 2.59 and 0.43 for 0.5mm specimens, and 1.26 and 0.25 for 2.0mm specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Variations in translucency caused by thickness and roughening treatment were perceptible and may be clinically unacceptable. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of CAD-CAM materials based on their distinct optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Wu
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiehua Tian
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Donghao Wei
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Wu Z, Tian J, Wei D, Di P, Lin Y. Quantitative analysis of color accuracy and bias in 4 dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials with different thicknesses: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:92.e1-92.e7. [PMID: 35595548 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic restorative materials have become a popular option because of advantages such as convenience and efficiency. However, studies that quantitatively analyzed their color accuracy and bias are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color accuracy and bias of 4 CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials with different thicknesses by using the CIELab color space. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four types of dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials in shade A2, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic), resin-nano ceramic (LAVA Ultimate), and polymethyl methacrylate (Telio CAD), were prepared as 12×12-mm specimens of 10 different thicknesses (from 0.5 to 5.0 mm) (N=200, n=5). After polishing with SiC P1500-grit, CIELab color coordinate parameters of the specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The color accuracy and bias were described by ΔE00, ΔL∗, Δa∗, and Δb∗ in the CIELab color space, and the data were analyzed by using a 2-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey-Kramer test, and the t test (α=.05). RESULTS The ΔE00, ΔL∗, Δa∗, and Δb∗ were significantly influenced by material type and thickness (P<.001). Specimens at a thickness of 0.5 mm represented the maximum ΔE00. The minimum ΔE00 was observed at a thickness of 2.0 mm for LAVA Ultimate, 1.5 mm for VITA Enamic and Telio CAD, and 4.0 mm for IPS e.max CAD. The ΔE00 of all specimens significantly exceeded the 50:50% acceptability threshold (1.8 unit) (P<.001). LU exhibited higher ΔE00, Δa∗, and Δb∗ than the other 3 materials in all thickness expect for 0.5 mm. For color bias, the ΔE00 was more influenced by Δb∗ and ΔL∗ than Δa∗. CONCLUSIONS The color accuracy and bias were significantly affected by material type and thickness. The color inaccuracy of the tested materials was statistically significant and clinically perceptible. Improved clinical outcomes may be expected from the 1.5-mm- to 2.0-mm-thick restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Wu
- Postgraduate student, Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiehua Tian
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Donghao Wei
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Di
- Professor, Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Professor, Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Revilla-León M, Methani MM, Özcan M. Impact of the ambient light illuminance conditions on the shade matching capabilities of an intraoral scanner. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:906-912. [PMID: 32959520 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the shade matching capabilities between an intraoral scanner (IOS) and a spectrophotometer under different ambient light illuminance conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The shade of three teeth of a patient was obtained using an IOS (IOS group) (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) and a spectrophotometer (DS group) (EasyShade V; Vita Zahnfabrik) at 4 ambient illuminances: 10000-, 1000-, 500-, and 0-lx. Ten shade measurements were documented using Vita Classical and 3D-Master guides per tooth at each lighting condition. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (α = .05). RESULTS Significant shade discrepancies were obtained between the groups in different lighting conditions (P < .05). The IOS group presented significant shade discrepancies in different lighting conditions when evaluated using either shade guide, with lower variation under the 0-lx condition. However, the DS group did not present significant shade discrepancies among the different lighting conditions with either shade guide, except for the maxillary lateral incisor measured under 10 000-lx condition using the 3D-Master guide. CONCLUSIONS Lighting conditions influenced the shade matching competency of an IOS. The IOS tested obtained high variation in the different lighting conditions evaluated and provided a lower shade value than the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer revealed high consistency amongst the various lighting conditions evaluated. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Ambient light illuminance conditions can impact the shade matching capabilities of IOSs. The results of this investigation suggest the use of a supplementary instrumental method for assessment of tooth shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Assistant Professor and Assistant Program Director AEGD, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX; Affiliate Faculty Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Researcher at Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Professor and Head, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Staedt H, Mally E, Scheller H, Wentaschek S, Kämmerer PW, Kasaj A, Devigus A, Lehmann KM. The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:145-150. [PMID: 32572639 PMCID: PMC7785552 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the reproducibility of electronic color determination system evaluations of the marginal gingiva, which could be important for adhesive cervical fillings or prosthetic restorations that imitate the gingiva. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 50 subjects, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates were evaluated five times at a point in the marginal area of a central incisor using different electronic color determination systems: (SP) Shadepilot, (ES) Easyshade, (CE) Crystaleye, and (SV) X-Rite. The mean color difference (ΔE) and its standard deviation between the five measurements from each participant were calculated separately for each device. Further ICC for interdevice reliability was determined. RESULTS The L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and ΔE values differed significantly among the systems (p < 0.001). Within each patient and measurement system, ΔE ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 (SD 1.1-2.5), L* from 2.6 to 5.7 (SD 2.6-5.7), a* from 11.9 to 21.3 (SD 3.6-3.9), and b* from 15.1 to 28.9 (SD 1.7-4.3). Interdevice reliability ranged between 0.675 and 0.807. CONCLUSIONS Color determination of the marginal gingiva using the electronic tooth color determination systems tested herein showed limited reproducibility. The results obtained with the different measurement systems differed enormously. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results show that the electronic color measurement devices tested allow no high reproducible determination of color coordinates of the marginal gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Staedt
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstraße 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva Mally
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Herbert Scheller
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Wentaschek
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peer Wolfgang Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Karl Martin Lehmann
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Kim HK. Evaluation of the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers: an in vivo and in vitro study. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:252-258. [PMID: 29930796 PMCID: PMC6004350 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary right central incisor, canine, and mandibular left central incisor of each of 30 patients were measured using 2 identical intraoral spectrophotometers with different serial numbers (EasyShade V). The color of each shade tab from 3 shade guides (VITA 3D-Master) was also determined with both devices. All measurements were performed by a single operator. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the repeatability, accuracy, and the differences between the devices with paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (α=.05). RESULTS A high level of measurement repeatability (ICC>0.90) among L*, a*, and b* color components was observed within and between devices (P<.001). Intra-device matching agreement rates were 80.00% and 81.11%, respectively, while inter-device matching agreement rate was 51.85%. ANOVA revealed no significant different color values within each device, while paired t-test provided significant different color values between both devices. The CIEDE2000 color differences between both devices were 2.28±1.61 ΔE00 for in-vivo readings. Regarding the clinical matching accuracy of both devices, ΔE00 values between teeth and matching shade tabs were 3.05±1.19 and 2.86±1.02, respectively. CONCLUSION Although two EasyShade V devices with different serial numbers show high repeatability of CIE L*, a*, and b* measurements, they could provide different color values and shade for the same tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Soler E, Duran-Sindreu F, Basilio J, Roig M, Ardu S, Mayoral JR. In vivo and in vitro spectrophotometric evaluation of upper central incisors before and after extraction. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2429-2436. [PMID: 28058541 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vivo and in vitro study investigated the influence of pulpal vitality on the optical properties of teeth over a 1-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS We monitored two specific areas (2-mm-thick pure enamel and 3-mm-thick enamel-dentine complex) in 10 teeth against two backgrounds (white and black) using a calibrated reflectance spectrophotometer at the following time points: before extraction (T0); immediately after extraction (T1); at 1-day post-extraction (T2); at 1-week post-extraction (T3); and 1-month post-extraction (T4). We recorded tooth colour based on the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage L*a*b* model and translucency and analysed these characteristics over time using analysis of variance. RESULTS The 2-mm-thick pure enamel area showed significant changes (p > 0.05) in L*, a* and b* values between before and 1 month after extraction (T0-T4). Translucency was detectable between (T0-T3) and (T0-T4). The 3-mm-thick enamel-dentine complex also exhibited significant differences (p > 0.05) in L*, a* and b* values within (T0-T4). Translucency value changes significantly (p > 0.05) within the first day (T0-T2) and (T0-T3). CIEDE 2000 DE values revealed no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in colour between the T0 L*a*b* measures and all the subsequent measures at times T1, T2, T3 and T4. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that the optical characteristics (i.e. colour and translucency) of teeth change after extraction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results help understanding the precise moment when the colour of extracted tooth changes to identify optimum time to use a tooth for scientific investigation and determine whether it is necessary to extract pulp tissue beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Soler
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, International University of Catalonia, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, International University of Catalonia, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Basilio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, International University of Catalonia, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Roig
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, International University of Catalonia, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Ardu
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan R Mayoral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, International University of Catalonia, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain.
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