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Karavyraki M, Porter RK. Evidence of a role for interleukin-6 in anoikis resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:60. [PMID: 35484352 PMCID: PMC9050791 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavour to understand metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinomas, we characterised the metastatic potential of a human tongue derived cell line (SCC-4 cells) and compared this phenotype to pre-cancerous dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells derived from human tongue and primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK). We demonstrate that SCC-4 cells constitutively synthesize and release significant amounts of IL-6, a process that is enhanced by the addition of the TLR2/TLR6 agonist, Pam2CSK4. The expression of TLR2/6 and IL-6Ra/gp130 receptors was also confirmed in SCC-4 cells. Cancerous SCC-4 human tongue cells also have a classic EMT profile, unlike precancerous human tongue DOK cells. We also established that IL-6 is driving anoikis resistance in an autocrine fashion and that anti-IL-6 neutralising antibodies, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies and anti-TLR2 receptor antibodies inhibit anoikis resistance in cancerous SCC-4 human tongue cells. The data suggest a promising role for anti-IL-6 receptor antibody and anti-TLR2 receptor antibody treatment for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Karavyraki
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Pearse Street, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Richard K Porter
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Pearse Street, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
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2
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Niklander SE. Inflammatory Mediators in Oral Cancer: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Potential. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:642238. [PMID: 35047997 PMCID: PMC8757707 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.642238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of cancers are attributable to the inflammatory process, and growing evidence supports an association between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and chronic inflammation. Different oral inflammatory conditions, such as oral lichen planus (OLP), submucous fibrosis, and oral discoid lupus, are all predisposing for the development of OSCC. The microenvironment of these conditions contains various transcription factors and inflammatory mediators with the ability to induce proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasion of genetically predisposed lesions, thereby promoting tumor development. In this review, we will focus on the main inflammatory molecules and transcription factors activated in OSCC, with emphasis on their translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E Niklander
- Unidad de Patologia y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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3
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Piyarathne NS, Rasnayake RMSGK, Angammana R, Chandrasekera P, Ramachandra S, Weerasekera M, Yasawardene S, Abu-Eid R, Jayasinghe JAP, Gupta E. Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors - A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:789-807. [PMID: 34148471 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are a significant health burden globally. Smoking, alcohol, and betel quid are the main risk factors. Lack of screening methods has been highlighted as a significant challenge in management. Salivary biomarkers are proposed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this systematic review was to study salivary biomarkers reported in OSCC and OPMD. Specific objectives were to select a salivary biomarker panel suitable for early detection of OSCC and OPMD and to assess relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors. METHODS Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) without any restrictions. Following calibration, two blinded reviewers screened the studies and extracted data. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa scale. 295 studies were included with descriptive data analysis. EXPERT OPINION A salivary biomarker panel including Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL8 was selected for OSCC and OPMD. Reported relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors are discussed and research gaps are highlighted. Future research should be directed to assess potential salivary biomarkers and their relationships to risk factors in order to understand the biomarker's role in disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J A P Jayasinghe
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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4
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Chiamulera MMA, Zancan CB, Remor AP, Cordeiro MF, Gleber-Netto FO, Baptistella AR. Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:205. [PMID: 33639868 PMCID: PMC7912500 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis we identified SC studied as OC biomarkers by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: "oral cancer", "cytokine", and "saliva", and also combined with "interleukin" or "interferon". Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included in the qualitative review. For the meta-analysis were included all comparable studies that provided enough data (sample size, mean and standard deviation or standard error of the mean) for SC levels in OC patients, non-cancer controls and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including leukoplakia. Comparisons with patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and gingivitis were included in the qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included in the systematic review, describing 10 different SC, being IL-8 and IL-6 the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with OPMD, OLP and gingivitis. Meta-analysis including 23 eligible studies showed that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 salivary levels were significantly higher in OC patients compared to controls; and that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β salivary levels were also higher in OC patients compared to individuals with OPMD. When compared to healthy controls, OPMD patients showed significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that the salivary levels of some cytokines are consistently different among OC, OPMD and healthy patients, indicating that these SC may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and OPMD. Despite of that, SC levels were highly variable among studies, suggesting that further technical improvement and standardization for SC measurement by ELISA is needed in order to successfully translate these biomarkers to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario Santa Terezinha, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Caroline Biazzolo Zancan
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Antuani Rafael Baptistella
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
- Hospital Universitario Santa Terezinha, Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
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5
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Kania AM, Weiler KN, Kurian AP, Opena ML, Orellana JN, Stauss HM. Activation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory reflex by occipitoatlantal decompression and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:401-415. [PMID: 33694358 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The parasympathetic-mediated inflammatory reflex inhibits excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Noninvasive techniques, including occipitoatlantal decompression (OA-D) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), have been demonstrated to increase parasympathetic tone. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that OA-D and taVNS increase parasympathetic nervous system activity and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine mobilization and/or production. METHODS Healthy adult participants were randomized to receive OA-D (5 min of OA-D followed by 10 min of rest; n=8), taVNS (15 min; n=9), or no intervention (15 min, time control; n=10) on three consecutive days. Before and after these interventions, saliva samples were collected for determination of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Arterial blood pressure and the electrocardiogram were recorded for a 30-min baseline, throughout the intervention, and during a 30-min recovery period to derive heart rate and blood pressure variability markers as indices of vagal and sympathetic control. RESULTS OA-D and taVNS increased root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) and high frequency heart rate variability, which are established markers for parasympathetic modulation of cardiac function. In all three groups, the experimental protocol was associated with a significant increase in salivary cytokine concentrations. However, the increase in IL-1β was significantly less in the taVNS group (+66 ± 13 pg/mL; p<0.05) than in the time control group (+142 ± 24 pg/mL). A similar trend was observed in the taVNS group for TNF-α (+1.7 ± 0.3 pg/mL vs. 4.1 ± 1.3 pg/mL; p<0.10). In the OA-D group baseline IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels on the third study day were significantly lower than on the first study day (IL-6: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.6 pg/mL, p<0.05; IL-8: 190 ± 61 vs. 483 ± 125 pg/mL, p <0.05; TNF-α: 1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 pg/mL, p<0.05). OA-D decreased mean blood pressure from the first (100 ± 8 mmHg) to the second (92 ± 6 mmHg; p<0.05) and third (93 ± 8 mmHg; p<0.05) study days and reduced low frequency spectral power of systolic blood pressure variability (19 ± 3 mmHg2 after OA-D vs. 28 ± 5 mmHg2 before OA-D; p<0.05), a marker of sympathetic modulation of vascular tone. OA-D also increased baroreceptor-heart rate reflex sensitivity from the first (13.7 ± 3.0 ms/mmHg) to the second (18.4 ± 4.3 ms/mmHg; p<0.05) and third (16.9 ± 4.2 ms/mmHg; p<0.05) study days. CONCLUSIONS Both OA-D and taVNS elicited antiinflammatory responses that were associated with increases in heart rate variability-derived markers for parasympathetic function. These findings suggest that OA-D and taVNS activate the parasympathetic antiinflammatory reflex. Furthermore, an antihypertensive effect was observed with OA-D that may be mediated by reduced sympathetic modulation of vascular tone and/or increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Kania
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Kailee N Weiler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Angeline P Kurian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Marielle L Opena
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Jennifer N Orellana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Harald M Stauss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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Kotru S, Klimuntowski M, Ridha H, Uddin Z, Askhar AA, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 136:116198. [PMID: 33518850 PMCID: PMC7825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented. Electrochemical prognostic biosensing of various biomarkers may hold promise in solving these problems as they are low-cost and provide timely results. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and extracted the most promising biomarkers along with their most favourable electrochemical sensors. The biomarkers discussed in this paper are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferons (IFNs), glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer. Metabolic syndrome is also discussed as comorbidity for COVID-19 patients, as it increases infection severity and raises chances of becoming infected. Cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), are discussed as a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 as their medicinal properties may be desirable in minimizing the neurodegenerative or severe inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19 infection. Currently, hospitals are struggling to provide adequate care; thus, point-of-care electrochemical sensor development needs to be prioritized to provide an approximate prognosis for hospital patients. During and following the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, electrochemical sensors can also be integrated into wearable and portable devices to help patients monitor recovery while returning to their daily lives. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, these sensors will also prove useful for monitoring inflammation-based diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kotru
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Klimuntowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hashim Ridha
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Ali A Askhar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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7
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Torrejon-Moya A, Jané-Salas E, López-López J. Clinical manifestations of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:404-408. [PMID: 31990082 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to gather the available evidence about proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: "What are the main clinical features of PVL patients?". MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. An electronic research was carried out using different electronic databases; PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were papers which reported at least 10 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and were published not more than 10 years ago. RESULTS A total of 285 records were identified through databases, although only 6 of them were eligible. Most patients were women, above 60 years of age (67.4). Additionally, 28 of them were non-smokers (66.6%) and 24 were non-habitual drinkers (57.1%). The most common locations were gingiva (50.9%), buccal mucosa (44.9%), and tongue (40.6%) CONCLUSION: Level C can be established to conclude the proliferative verrucous leukoplakia demographic data, risk factors, malignant transformation, and location. A strict follow-up on these patients should be mandatory, even after surgical management since they have a high recurrence rate and a malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Torrejon-Moya
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry), University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Enric Jané-Salas
- School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain/Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain/Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Clinicopathologic analysis of verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as part of the clinicopathologic spectrum of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A literature review and analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152670. [PMID: 31630872 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is classified as a potentially malignant disorder because of its high rate of malignant transformation. PVL progresses in a series of clinical stages where the early stage represents multiple, multifocal leukoplakias with a high recurrence rate. The intermediate and late stages are clinically exophytic lesion, diagnosed microscopically as verrucous hyperplasia that often progresses into verrucous carcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma. There is no single histologic definition and the diagnosis is retrospective following observed progression of the disorder. The goal of the current study was to conduct a literature review and analysis of PVL in the later stages to gain further knowledge on their clinicopathologic features. DATA SOURCES Medline's PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for adequately documented cases from 1985 to 2018. References of published articles were searched for additional cases. REVIEW METHODS Overall, 57 manuscripts were analyzed. 35/57 manuscripts provided adequate data on the clinicopathologic features in the premalignant and malignant stages. RESULTS Malignant transformation rate was 50% (average of 57 months). Gingiva, palate and buccal mucosa were the most common locations. Clinicopathologic features included; well differentiated carcinoma (78%), perineural invasion (3%), lymph node metastasis (4%); distant metastasis (0%), average duration of illness (65 months), DOD-dead of disease (44%). Moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were exceptionally uncommon in the premalignant stages (0.8%). CONCLUSION Prognostic factors such as perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were uncommon occurrences which may have practical implications on treatment. Further studies are needed to substantiate our findings.
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Rezaei F, Mozaffari HR, Tavasoli J, Zavattaro E, Imani MM, Sadeghi M. Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:727-739. [PMID: 31314647 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the salivary and serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to the controls. Four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched up to January 2019. The study quality was checked according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The mean difference (MD) plus 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using RevMan 5.3 software. The publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done using CMA 2.0 software. Out of 309 studies retrieved from the 4 databases, 26 studies were analyzed in the present meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, the pooled MD in the OSCC patients compared to the controls was 19.06 pg/mL (95%CI: 14.78-23.33) for the serum IL-6 level, 199.14 pg/mL (95%CI: 47.39-350.89) for the serum IL-8 level, 122 pg/mL (95%CI: 64-179) for the salivary IL-6 level, and 958 pg/dL (95%CI: 718-1197) for the salivary IL-8 level. All values in this meta-analysis were statistically significant. In conclusion, according to the meta-analysis results, the serum and salivary IL-6 and IL-8 levels in OSCC patients were significantly elevated compared to the controls, and both cytokines can be useful as potential biomarkers in early OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rezaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Tavasoli
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
| | - Mohammad Moslem Imani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dikova VR, Principe S, Bagan JV. Salivary inflammatory proteins in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e659-e664. [PMID: 31516665 PMCID: PMC6731005 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are a group of small proteins involved in the regulation of infection, immune responses and inflammation. Since altered cytokine responsiveness has been linked to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), research to date indicates the possibility of using salivary pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins for screening of oral disorders. OSCC is a multistep neoplasia in which many genetic and epigenetic changes have been correlated to cancerous transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia and lichen planus. The goal of the innovative salivary diagnostics is the identification of a single or multiple biomarkers that will serve as a clinical test facilitating the diagnosis of patients predisposed to develop OSCC. Based on scientific literature review, this article summarizes the results from nine articles, all of them being case-control studies where TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were considered possible indicators of malignant transformation. Key words:Interleukins, saliva, oral premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R Dikova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Valencia University, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitari Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Principe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Valencia University, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitari Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose V Bagan
- Service of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitari de Valencia, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Valencia University, Spain
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11
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Rintala M, Vahlberg T, Salo T, Rautava J. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its tumor markers: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2018; 41:1499-1507. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjami Rintala
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of DentistryUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Biostatistics, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of DentistryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Finland Cancer and Translational Medicine Research UnitUniversity of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of DentistryUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of PathologyTurku University Hospital Turku Finland
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12
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Okoturo E, Risk J, Schache A, Shaw R, Boyd M. Molecular pathogenesis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a systematic review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:780-785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Petruzzi MNMR, Cherubini K, Salum FG, de Figueiredo MAZ. Role of tumour-associated macrophages in oral squamous cells carcinoma progression: an update on current knowledge. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:32. [PMID: 28381274 PMCID: PMC5382416 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts over 90% of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. This pathological entity is associated to a high mortality rate that has remained unchanged over the past decades. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are believed to have potential involvement in OSCC progression. However, the molecular networks involved in communication between stroma and cancer cells have not yet been fully elucidated. MAIN BODY The role of M2 polarized cells in oral carcinogenesis is supported by a correlation between TAMs accumulation into OSCC stroma and poor clinical outcome. Signalling pathways such as the NF-κB and cytokines released in the tumour microenvironment promote a bidirectional cross-talk between M2 and OSCC cells. These interactions consequently result in an increased proliferation of malignant cells and enhances aggressiveness, thus reducing patients' survival time. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a comprehensive review of the role of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype and OSCC progression. Understanding the molecular basis of oral carcinogenesis and metastatic spread of OSCC would promote the development of targeted treatment contributing to a more favourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noel Marzano Rodrigues Petruzzi
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Antonia Zancanaro de Figueiredo
- grid.412519.aPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil ,grid.411379.9Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 – Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90610-000 Brazil
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