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Chatterji S, Niehues JM, van Treeck M, Loeffler CML, Saldanha OL, Veldhuizen GP, Cifci D, Carrero ZI, Abu-Eid R, Speirs V, Kather JN. Prediction models for hormone receptor status in female breast cancer do not extend to males: further evidence of sex-based disparity in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37940649 PMCID: PMC10632426 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis and management for both men and women are reliant upon estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression to inform therapy. Previous studies have shown that there are sex-specific binding characteristics of ERα and PR in breast cancer and, counterintuitively, ERα expression is more common in male than female breast cancer. We hypothesized that these differences could have morphological manifestations that are undetectable to human observers but could be elucidated computationally. To investigate this, we trained attention-based multiple instance learning prediction models for ERα and PR using H&E-stained images of female breast cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 1085) and deployed them on external female (n = 192) and male breast cancer images (n = 245). Both targets were predicted in the internal (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.86 ± 0.02, p < 0.001; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.76 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and external female cohorts (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.78 ± 0.03, p < 0.001; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.80 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) but not the male cohort (AUROC for ERα prediction: 0.66 ± 0.14, p = 0.43; AUROC for PR prediction = 0.63 ± 0.04, p = 0.05). This suggests that subtle morphological differences invisible upon visual inspection may exist between the sexes, supporting previous immunohistochemical, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarnarekha Chatterji
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jan Moritz Niehues
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marko van Treeck
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chiara Maria Lavinia Loeffler
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Lester Saldanha
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gregory Patrick Veldhuizen
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Didem Cifci
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zunamys Itzell Carrero
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Else Kröner Fresenius Centre for Digital Health, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Speirs V, Abu-Eid R, Kyaw Myint P. Engaging undergraduate medical and dental students with academic medicine: The Aberdeen INSPIRE summer school. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293633. [PMID: 37922281 PMCID: PMC10624274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UK medical and dental school curricula limit opportunities for students to gain experience in research. This parallels a decline in the number of clinical academics. To address this at grass roots level, we organised and arranged a residential summer taster week; INSPIRE (Introducing New Skills to Promote Inspirational Research Experience)-Aberdeen). The purpose was to give first and second year medical and dental students who wished to explore a potential clinical academic career a taste of wet laboratory research and to gain experience in basic research skills. Seventeen students from eight different UK medical and dental schools attended this free residential course and were exposed to various laboratory techniques with clinical translation and application in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. Students were given access to relevant online learning tools of the techniques being used beforehand and seminar style presentations were used to emphasise their clinical application. Students met daily with clinical academics from different specialities to give them a flavour of potential clinical academic career pathways and options. All students felt that the summer school helped them consider academic medicine as a career thus achieving our aim to inspire clinical academics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Speirs
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Unnikrishnan SP, Rampersaud E, Mcgee A, Cruickshank ME, Abu-Eid R, Hijazi K. Disease severity scoring systems in mucosal lichen planus: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3136-3151. [PMID: 36404123 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several scoring systems have been developed to evaluate disease severity in mucosal lichen planus, but only a few have been validated to ensure reproducible and accurate assessment of disease severity. The current systematic review was undertaken to identify clinical severity scoring systems in mucosal lichen planus that have undergone validity or reliability testing and to describe their operating characteristics. We performed a bibliographic search in five databases from their inception to October 2022 for severity scoring systems in mucosal lichen planus that have undergone validity or reliability tests. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. We have included 118 studies and identified 11 clinical severity scoring systems for oral lichen planus that have undergone validity or reliability testing. Of these, the most reported were the Thongprasom score, the Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS) and the REU (Reticular/hyperkeratotic, Erosive/erythematous, Ulcerative) scoring systems. We did not identify clinical scoring systems for extraoral mucosal lichen planus that have undergone validity or reliability testing. The ODSS and REU scoring systems have undergone the highest number of validation attempts and reliability assessments for oral lichen planus respectively. However, we have identified numerous factors that have hampered the universal adoption of a standardised scoring system. There is a need for the development and validation of scoring systems for extraoral mucosal lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi P Unnikrishnan
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Edward Rampersaud
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alice Mcgee
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maggie E Cruickshank
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karolin Hijazi
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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López RM, Bovaird I, Olmo González B, Abu-Eid R. Dental student readiness to treat special care patients upon graduation. Spec Care Dentist 2023; 43:869-882. [PMID: 37186085 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been a global increase in patients with special needs. Undergraduate dental curricula need to adjust to meet the needs of these patients. This study aimed to identify how confident final year dental students felt about treating patients with special needs upon graduation and evaluate the influence that the curriculum had on their preparedness based on competencies outlined by the International Association for Disability and Oral Health (iADH). METHODS A questionnaire was administered to final year dental students at two different Universities in Scotland and in Spain to: (1) evaluate how prepared students felt when treating patients with special needs and (2) assess the competencies outlined by iADH. RESULTS The response rate was 18.4% (30/163 students). Overall, 83.3% of the students (n = 25) perceived they would benefit from more practical sessions with patients with learning and physical disabilities to improve their clinical management of these patients. 53.3% (n = 16) didn't feel that had the knowledge to properly treat all special care dentistry (SCD) patients upon graduation (scored 5 or 6 on the IADH competency framework). 83.3% of the students (n = 25) felt that the mode of teaching should be problem-based complemented with small group seminars. CONCLUSION Students from both Universities agreed that more clinical practice might be required for them to further their skills to treat special needs patients upon graduation, which correlates with the need to have more practical sessions to consolidate competency 4 (communication skills with SCD) and competency 6 (clinical management of patients requiring SCD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain Bovaird
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Belisa Olmo González
- Special Care and Oral Medicine Department, Dental School. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Clare P, Al-Fatyan F, Risheh B, Nellany K, Ward FJ, Abu-Eid R. A Novel Role for the Soluble Isoform of CTLA-4 in Normal, Dysplastic and Neoplastic Oral and Oropharyngeal Epithelia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061696. [PMID: 36980582 PMCID: PMC10046002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) has a high mortality rate, with late diagnosis remaining the most important factor affecting patient survival. Therefore, it is imperative to identify markers that aid in early detection and prediction of disease progression. HNCs evade the immune system by different mechanisms, including immune checkpoints. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint receptor that downregulates anti-tumour immune responses, with evidence of involvement in HNC. The less studied, alternatively spliced, soluble isoform (sCTLA-4) also plays an immunosuppressive role that contributes to immune escape. We quantified sCTLA-4 in normal, potentially malignant, and malignant oral and oropharyngeal tissues to elucidate any role in tumourigenesis and identify its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and patient stratification. Methods: Normal, low- and high-grade epithelial dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma oral and oropharyngeal biopsies were selectively stained for sCTLA-4 and quantified using the image analysis software QuPath. Results: Distinct sCTLA-4 staining patterns were observed, in which normal epithelial sCTLA-4 expression correlated with keratinocyte differentiation, while disrupted expression, both in intensity and localisation, was observed in dysplastic and neoplastic tissues. Conclusions: Our data indicate an additional, previously unknown role for sCTLA-4 in epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, our findings suggest the potential of sCTLA-4 as a biomarker for predicting disease progression and patient stratification for targeted HNC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthna Clare
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
| | - Farah Al-Fatyan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
| | - Badri Risheh
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
| | - Kristine Nellany
- NHS Grampian Biorepository, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Frank James Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Correspondence: (F.J.W.); (R.A.-E.); Tel.: +44-122-443-7358 (F.J.W.); +44-122-455-5155 or +44-122-443-7351 (R.A.-E.)
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Correspondence: (F.J.W.); (R.A.-E.); Tel.: +44-122-443-7358 (F.J.W.); +44-122-455-5155 or +44-122-443-7351 (R.A.-E.)
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Piyarathne NS, Weerasekera MM, Fonseka PFD, Karunatilleke AHTS, Liyanage RLPR, Jayasinghe RD, De Silva K, Yasawardene S, Gupta E, Jayasinghe JAP, Abu-Eid R. Salivary Interleukin Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: Findings from a Sri Lankan Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051510. [PMID: 36900301 PMCID: PMC10001283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), is on the rise, especially in South Asia. OSCC is the leading cancer in males in Sri Lanka, with >80% diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. Early detection is paramount to improve patient outcome, and saliva testing is a promising non-invasive tool. The aim of this study was to assess salivary interleukins (lL1β, IL6, and IL8) in OSCC, OED and disease-free controls in a Sri Lankan study cohort. A case-control study with OSCC (n = 37), OED (n = 30) patients and disease-free controls (n = 30) was conducted. Salivary lL1β, IL6, and IL8 were quantified using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Comparisons between different diagnostic groups and potential correlations to risk factors were assessed. Salivary levels for the three tested interleukins increased from disease-free controls through OED, and were highest in OSCC samples. Furthermore, the levels of IL1β, IL6, and IL8 increased progressively with OED grade. The discrimination between patients (OSCC and OED) and controls, as assessed by AUC of receiver operating characteristic curves, was 0.9 for IL8 (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 for IL6 (p = 0.0001), while IL1β differentiated OSCC from controls (AUC 0.7, p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between salivary interleukin levels and smoking, alcohol, and betel quid risk factors. Our findings suggest that salivary IL1β, IL6, and IL8 are associated with disease severity of OED, and are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression in OED, and the screening of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S. Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Center for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula M. Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Biotechnology, Pitipana, Homagama 10206, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Center for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
| | | | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- Correspondence:
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Chatterji S, Krzoska E, Thoroughgood CW, Saganty J, Liu P, Elsberger B, Abu-Eid R, Speirs V. Defining genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and phenotypic biomarkers with prognostic capability in male breast cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e74-e85. [PMID: 36725152 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although similar phenotypically, there is evidence that male and female breast cancer differ in their molecular landscapes. In this systematic review, we consolidated all existing prognostic biomarker data in male breast cancer spanning genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetics, and phenotypic features of prognostic value from articles published over a 29-year period (March 16, 1992, to May 1, 2021). We identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature, discussed limitations of the included studies, and outlined potential approaches for translational biomarker discovery and validation in male breast cancer. We also recognised STC2, DDX3, and DACH1 as underexploited markers of male-specific prognostic value in breast cancer. Finally, beyond describing the cumulative knowledge on the extensively researched markers oestrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, HER2, androgen receptor, and BRCA2, we highlighted ATM, CCND1, FGFR2, GATA3, HIF1-α, MDM2, TP53, and c-Myc as well studied predictors of poor survival that also aligned with several hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarnarekha Chatterji
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emma Krzoska
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - John Saganty
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Khanolkar RC, Zhang C, Al-Fatyan F, Lawson L, Depasquale I, Meredith FM, Muller F, Nicolson M, Dahal LN, Abu-Eid R, Rajpara S, Barker RN, Ormerod AD, Ward FJ. TGFβ2 Induces the Soluble Isoform of CTLA-4 - Implications for CTLA-4 Based Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies in Malignant Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 12:763877. [PMID: 35069536 PMCID: PMC8767111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of cancer, which can be treated with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor antibodies but while anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have clear benefits for some patients with melanoma, productive responses are difficult to predict and often associated with serious immune related adverse events. Antibodies specific to CTLA-4 bind two major isoforms of CTLA-4 in humans, the receptor isoform and a second naturally secretable, soluble isoform - sCTLA-4. The primary aim here was to examine the effect of selectively blocking the function of sCTLA-4 on in vitro immune responses from volunteer healthy or melanoma patient PBMC samples. Addition of recombinant sCTLA-4 to healthy PBMC samples demonstrated sCTLA-4 to have immunosuppressive capacity comparable to recombinant CTLA4-Ig, partially reversible upon antibody blockade. Further, we identified a mechanistic relationship where melanoma patient TGFβ2 serum levels correlated with sCTLA-4 levels and provided the basis for a novel protocol to enhance sCTLA-4 production and secretion by T cells with TGFβ2. Finally, a comparison of selective antibody blockade of sCTLA-4 demonstrated that both healthy and melanoma patient effector cytokine responses can be significantly increased. Overall, the data support the notion that sCTLA-4 is a contributory factor in cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul C Khanolkar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Chu Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Al-Fatyan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Lawson
- Burnside House, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Depasquale
- Ward 214 Plastic Reconstructive Surgery & Burns Unit, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Meredith
- Burnside House, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Muller
- Burnside House, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Nicolson
- Anchor Unit - Clinic D, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lekh Nath Dahal
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Rajpara
- Burnside House, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Norman Barker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank James Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Abu-Eid R, Ward FJ. Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: A therapeutic strategy in COVID-19 patients. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:1-8. [PMID: 34562551 PMCID: PMC8457906 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Some COVID-19 patients suffer complications from anti-viral immune responses which can lead to both a dangerous cytokine storm and development of blood-borne factors that render severe thrombotic events more likely. The precise immune response profile is likely, therefore, to determine and predict patient outcomes and also represents a target for intervention. Anti-viral T cell exhaustion in the early stages is associated with disease progression. Dysregulation of T cell functions, which precedes cytokine storm development and neutrophil expansion in alveolar tissues heralds damaging pathology.T cell function, cytokine production and factors that attract neutrophils to the lung can be modified through targeting molecules that can modulate T cell responses. Manipulating T cell responses by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could provide the means to control the immune response in COVID-19 patients. During the initial anti-viral response, T cell effector function can be enhanced by delaying anti-viral exhaustion through inhibiting PI3K and Akt. Additionally, immune dysregulation can be addressed by enhancing immune suppressor functions by targeting downstream mTOR, an important intracellular modulator of cellular metabolism. Targeting this signalling pathway also has potential to prevent formation of thrombi due to its role in platelet activation. Furthermore, this signalling pathway is essential for SARS-cov-2 virus replication in host cells and its inhibition could, therefore, reduce viral load. The ultimate goal is to identify targets that can quickly control the immune response in COVID-19 patients to improve patient outcome. Targeting different levels of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway could potentially achieve this during each stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Frank James Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Najrana T, Ahsan N, Abu-Eid R, Uzun A, Noble L, Tollefson G, Sanchez-Esteban J. Proteomic analysis of a murine model of lung hypoplasia induced by oligohydramnios. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:2740-2750. [PMID: 34102042 PMCID: PMC8631439 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe oligohydramnios (OH) due to prolonged loss of amniotic fluid can cause pulmonary hypoplasia. Animal model of pulmonary hypoplasia induced by amniotic fluid drainage is partly attributed to changes in mechanical compression of the lung. Although numerous studies on OH-model have demonstrated changes in several individual proteins, however, the underlying mechanisms for interrupting normal lung development in response to a decrease of amniotic fluid volume are not fully understood. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to explore differences in the expression of a wide range of proteins after induction of OH in a mouse model of pulmonary hypoplasia to find out the signaling/molecular pathways involved in fetal lung development. Liquid chromatography-massspectromery/mass spectrometry analysis found 474 proteins that were differentially expressed in OH-induced hypoplastic lungs in comparison to untouched (UnT) control. Among these proteins, we confirmed the downregulation of AKT1, SP-D, and CD200, and provided proof-of-concept for the first time about the potential role that these proteins could play in fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Najrana
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development at Rhode Island Hospital, Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Surgical Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.,Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomic Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Center of Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lelia Noble
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development at Rhode Island Hospital, Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Surgical Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George Tollefson
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Piyarathne NS, Rasnayake RMSGK, Angammana R, Chandrasekera P, Ramachandra S, Weerasekera M, Yasawardene S, Abu-Eid R, Jayasinghe JAP, Gupta E. Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors - A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:789-807. [PMID: 34148471 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are a significant health burden globally. Smoking, alcohol, and betel quid are the main risk factors. Lack of screening methods has been highlighted as a significant challenge in management. Salivary biomarkers are proposed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this systematic review was to study salivary biomarkers reported in OSCC and OPMD. Specific objectives were to select a salivary biomarker panel suitable for early detection of OSCC and OPMD and to assess relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors. METHODS Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) without any restrictions. Following calibration, two blinded reviewers screened the studies and extracted data. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa scale. 295 studies were included with descriptive data analysis. EXPERT OPINION A salivary biomarker panel including Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL8 was selected for OSCC and OPMD. Reported relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors are discussed and research gaps are highlighted. Future research should be directed to assess potential salivary biomarkers and their relationships to risk factors in order to understand the biomarker's role in disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J A P Jayasinghe
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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12
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Kutkut A, Abu-Eid R, Sharab L, Al-Sabbagh M. Full-Mouth Rehabilitation With Implant-Prosthesis in Marfan Syndrome Patient: Clinical Report and Literature Review. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:115-121. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this case report is to present implant-retained maxillary and mandibular complete overdentures in a patient with Marfan syndrome. The patient initially presented with generalized periodontitis (stage IV, grade C). Due to the progressive nature of periodontal disease, the patient elected to have implant-retained maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. Bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation was performed 6 months before full-mouth extraction, alveoloplasty, and immediate implant placement. Maxillary and mandibular immediate overdentures were delivered. After 4 months of healing, the final overdenture was fabricated. The patient was seen regularly throughout the healing process for peri-implant maintenance. Soft-tissue grafts were completed to increase the thickness of the mucosa around the implants. The patient has been followed for 2 years and is functioning well without major complications. For patients with Marfan syndrome, implant-retained prostheses are a viable treatment option in the presence of a failing dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kutkut
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Sharab
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken
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13
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Najrana T, Mahadeo A, Abu-Eid R, Kreienberg E, Schulte V, Uzun A, Schorl C, Goldberg L, Quesenberry P, Sanchez-Esteban J. Mechanical stretch regulates the expression of specific miRNA in extracellular vesicles released from lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8210-8223. [PMID: 31970782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of normal lung organogenesis is not well understood. An increasing number of studies are demonstrating that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in organ development by delivering microRNAs (miRNA) to neighboring and distant cells. miRNAs are important for fetal lung growth; however, the role of miRNA-EVs (miRNAs packaged inside the EVs) during fetal lung development is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA-EVs in MLE-12, a murine lung epithelial cell line subjected to mechanical stretch in vitro with the long-term goal to investigate their potential role in the fetal lung development. Both cyclic and continuous mechanical stretch regulate miRNA differentially in EVs released from MLE-12 and intracellularly, demonstrating that mechanical signals regulate the expression of miRNA-EVs in lung epithelial cells. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the potential role that miRNA-EVs could play in the development of fetal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Najrana
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anshu Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elena Kreienberg
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Victoria Schulte
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christoph Schorl
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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14
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Ward FJ, Dahal LN, Abu-Eid R. On the Road to Immunotherapy-Prospects for Treating Head and Neck Cancers With Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2182. [PMID: 30319637 PMCID: PMC6165864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) represent a heterogeneous cluster of aggressive malignancies that account for 3% of all cancer cases in the UK. HNC is increasing in frequency particularly in the developing world, which is related to changes in risk factors. Unfortunately, the mortality rate is high, which is chiefly attributed to late diagnosis at stages where traditional treatments fail. Cancer immunotherapy has achieved great successes in anti-tumor therapy. Checkpoint inhibitor (CI) antibodies enhance anti-tumor activity by blocking inhibitory receptors to drive tumor-specific T and NK cell effector responses. Since their introduction in 2011, CI antibodies have been approved for many cancer types including HNC. Here, we examine the development of CI therapies and look forward to future developments for treatment of HNC with CI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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15
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Ahmad S, Abu-Eid R, Shrimali R, Webb M, Verma V, Doroodchi A, Berrong Z, Samara R, Rodriguez PC, Mkrtichyan M, Khleif SN. Differential PI3Kδ Signaling in CD4+ T-cell Subsets Enables Selective Targeting of T Regulatory Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1892-1904. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Althammer S, Steele K, Rebelatto M, Tan TH, Wiestler T, Schmidt G, Higgs B, Li X, Shi L, Jin X, Antal J, Gupta A, Ranade K, Binning G, Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, Fradet Y, Lee JL, Fong L, Vogelzang NJ, Climent MA, Petrylak DP, Choueiri TK, Necchi A, Gerritsen W, Gurney H, Quinn DI, Culine S, Sternberg CN, Mai Y, Puhlmann M, Perini RF, Bajorin DF, Sharma P, Callahan MK, Calvo E, Kim JW, de Braud F, Ott PA, Bono P, Pillai RN, Morse M, Le DT, Taylor M, Spilliopoulou P, Bendell J, Jaeger D, Chan E, Antonia SJ, Ascierto PA, Hennicken D, Tschaika M, Azrilevich A, Rosenberg J, Levy O, Chan C, Cojocaru G, Liang S, Ophir E, Ganguly S, Toporik A, Kotturi M, Kfir TF, Murter BM, Logronio K, Dassa L, Leung L, Greenwald S, Azulay M, Kumar S, Alteber Z, Pan X, Machlenkin A, Benita Y, Drake AW, Chajut A, Salomon R, Vankin I, Safyon E, Hunter J, Levine Z, White M, Leidner R, Kang H, Haddad R, Segal NH, Wirth LJ, Ferris RL, Hodi FS, Sanborn RE, Gajewski TF, Sharfman W, McDonald D, Srivastava S, Gu X, Phillips P, Passey C, Seiwert T, Habtetsion T, Zhou G, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Haymaker C, Creasy C, Hurd M, Uraoka N, Canales JR, Koptez S, Hwu P, Maitra A, Bernatchez C, Coyle SM, Roybel KT, Rupp LJ, Santoro SP, Secrest S, Spelman M, Ho H, Gomes T, Tse T, Yung-Wu C, Taunton J, Lim W, Emtage P, Moudgil T, Ballesteros-Merino C, Hilton T, Paustian C, Leidner R, Page D, Urba W, Fox B, Bell B, Patel A, Olafsen T, Satpayev D, Torgov M, Marchioni F, Romero J, Jiang ZK, Zamilpa C, Keppler JS, Mascioni A, Jia F, Lee CY, Gudas J, Sullivan RJ, Hoshida Y, Logan T, Khushalani N, Giobbie-Hurder A, Margolin K, Roder J, Bhatt R, Koon H, Olencki T, Hutson T, Curti B, Blackmon S, Mier JW, Puzanov I, Roder H, Stewart J, Amin A, Ernstoff MS, Clark JI, Atkins MB, Kaufman HL, Sosman J, Signoretti S, McDermott DF, Anderson AA, Puzanov I, Milhem MM, Andtbacka RHI, Minor D, Gorski KS, Baker DM, Hamid O, Kaufman HL, Akporiaye E, Curti B, Koguchi Y, Leidner R, Sutcliffe K, Conder K, Urba W, Marron T, Bhardwaj N, Hammerich L, George F, Kim-Schulze S, Keler T, Davis T, Crowley E, Salazar A, Brody J, Monjazeb A, Daly ME, Riess J, Li T, Murphy WJ, Kelly K, Hu Z, Shen R, Campbell A, McMichael E, Yu L, Ramaswam B, London CA, Xu T, Carson W, Kokolus KM, Repasky EA, Schell TD, Drabick JD, Messenheimer DJ, Jensen S, Fox B, Rubinstein M, Andrijauskaite K, Swiderska-syn M, Lind K, Choppin A, Roell MK, Wrangle J, Andrijauskaite K, Swiderska-syn M, Rhode P, Wong H, Rubinstein M, Ahmad S, Webb M, Abu-Eid R, Shrimali R, Verma V, Doroodchi A, Berrong Z, Yashar D, Samara R, Mkrtichyan M, Khleif S, Powell S, Gitau M, Sumey C, Terrell A, Lohr M, Nowak RK, McGraw S, Jensen A, Blanchard M, Gold KA, Cohen EEW, Ellison C, Black L, Lee J, Spanos WC, Wennerberg E, Schwitzer E, Lhuillier C, Koelwyn G, Hiner R, Jones L, Demaria S, Amanda V, Greiner JW, Schlom J, Bookstaver M, Jewell CM, Paustian C, Gunderson A, Boulmay B, Li R, Spieler B, Happel K, Moudgil T, Feng Z, Ballesteros-Merino C, Dubay C, Fisher B, Koguchi Y, Aung S, Mederos E, Bifulco CB, McNamara M, Bahjat K, Redmond W, Ochoa A, Hu HM, Mehta A, Lund-Johansen F, Fox B, Urba W, Sanborn RE, Hilton T, Bedu-Addo F, Conn G, King M, Dutta P, Shepard R, Einstein M, Adams S, Wang E, Jin P, Novik Y, Morrison D, Oratz R, Marincola FM, Stroncek D, Goldberg J, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Galon J, Mlecnik B, Marliot F, Ou FS, Bifulco CB, Lugli A, Zlobec I, Rau TT, Nagtegaal ID, Vink-Borger E, Hartmann A, Geppert C, Roehrl MH, Bavi P, Ohashi PS, Wang JY, Nguyen LT, Han S, MacGregor HL, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Wouters BG, Kawakami Y, Papivanova B, Xu M, Fujita T, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Okuno K, Itoh K, Zavadova E, Vocka M, Spacek J, Petruzelka L, Konopasek B, Dundr P, Skalova H, Torigoe T, Sato N, Furuhata T, Takemasa I, Van den Eynde M, Jouret-Mourin A, Machiels JP, Fredriksen T, Lafontaine L, Buttard B, Church S, Maby P, Angell H, Angelova M, Vasaturo A, Bindea G, Berger A, Lagorce C, Patel PS, Vora HH, Shah B, Patel JB, Rajvik KN, Pandya SJ, Shukla SN, Wang Y, Zhang G, Masucci GV, Andersson EK, Grizzi F, Laghi L, Botti G, Tatangelo F, Delrio P, Cilberto G, Ascierto PA, Marincola F, Sargent DJ, Fox BA, Algazi A, Tsai K, Rosenblum M, Nandoskar P, Andtbacka RHI, Li A, Nonomura J, Takamura K, Dwyer M, Browning E, Talia R, Twitty C, Gargosky S, Campbell J, Ballesteros-Merino C, Bifulco CB, Fox B, Le M, Pierce RH, Daud A, Gartrell R, Marks D, Stack E, Lu Y, Izaki D, Beck K, Jia DT, Armenta P, White-Stern A, Fu Y, Blake Z, Kaufman HL, Taback B, Horst B, Saenger YM, Leonardo S, Gorden K, Fulton RB, Fraser K, Kangas TO, Walsh R, Ertelt K, Graff J, Uhlik M, Sims JS, Lei L, Tsujiuchi T, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Tolcher AW, Alley EW, Chichili G, Canoll JE, Moore P, Bonvini E, Johnson S, Shankar S, Vasselli J, Wigginton J, Powderly J. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): late breaking abstracts. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5260784 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shrimali RK, Janik JE, Abu-Eid R, Mkrtichyan M, Khleif SN. Programmed death-1 & its ligands: promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:777-92. [PMID: 26250412 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies for cancer treatment involving blockade of immune inhibitors have shown significant progress toward understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor immune evasion. The preclinical findings and clinical responses associated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand pathway blockade seem promising, making these targets highly sought for cancer immunotherapy. In fact, the anti-PD-1 antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, were recently approved by the US FDA for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic melanoma resistant to anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (ipilimumab) and BRAF inhibitor. Here, we discuss strategies of combining PD-1/PD-ligand interaction inhibitors with other immune checkpoint modulators and standard-of-care therapy to break immune tolerance and induce a potent antitumor activity, which is currently a research area of key scientific pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Janik
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Samir N Khleif
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Kutkut A, Abu-Eid R, Sharab L, Abadi B, Van Sickels J. Full Mouth Implant-supported Rehabilitation of a Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia: Clinical Report and Literature Review. J Int Acad Periodontol 2015; 17:34-41. [PMID: 26242009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this case report is to present the clinical course of full mouth rehabilitation in an 1 8-year-old female patient with ectodermal dysplasia who was treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures for the mandible and the maxilla. CASE REPORT Fourteen dental implants (8 in the maxilla and 6 in the mandible) were placed simultaneously after full mouth extraction and alveoloplasty surgery. After 6 months of healing, prosthetic rehabilitation was started for screw-retained fixed partial dentures. The patient was followed for one year and a peri-implant maintenance regime established for six-month recalls. The patient was satisfied with the prosthesis both esthetically and functionally. Furthermore, the patient reported significant improvements in oral function and psychosocial activities. CONCLUSION The use of dental implants to support full mouth prosthetic rehabilitation for adolescents with ectodermal dysplasia may provide a considerable improvement in function and esthetic compared to conventional removable prosthetic options. This has the potential to enhance the quality of life for these patients.
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Abu-Eid R, Samara RN, Ozbun L, Abdalla MY, Berzofsky JA, Friedman KM, Mkrtichyan M, Khleif SN. Selective inhibition of regulatory T cells by targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:1080-9. [PMID: 25080445 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strides that immunotherapy has made in mediating tumor regression, the clinical effects are often transient, and therefore more durable responses are still needed. The temporary nature of the therapy-induced immune response can be attributed to tumor immune evasion mechanisms, mainly the effect of suppressive immune cells and, in particular, regulatory T cells (Treg). Although the depletion of Tregs has been shown to be effective in enhancing immune responses, selective depletion of these suppressive cells without affecting other immune cells has not been very successful, and new agents are sought. We found that PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors selectively inhibit Tregs with minimal effect on conventional T cells (Tconv). Our results clearly show selective in vitro inhibition of activation (as represented by a decrease in downstream signaling) and proliferation of Tregs in comparison with Tconvs when treated with different Akt and PI3K inhibitors. This effect has been observed in both human and murine CD4 T cells. In vivo treatment with these inhibitors resulted in a significant and selective reduction in Tregs in both naïve and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, these PI3K-Akt inhibitors led to a significant therapeutic antitumor effect, which was shown to be Treg dependent. Here, we report the use of PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors as potent agents for the selective depletion of suppressive Tregs. We show that these inhibitors are able to enhance the antitumor immune response and are therefore promising clinical reagents for Treg depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Eid
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Raed N Samara
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Samir N Khleif
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia.
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Abstract
AIM Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign tumour which occasionally induces pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) of the covering epithelium, mimicking squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invasion. PEH cells do not show marked atypia, but the presence of pseudoinvasive patterns remains a diagnostic problem since several misdiagnosed cases have been reported. This study investigated objective morphometric criteria to distinguish GCT-PEH from SCC. METHODS AND RESULTS The complexity of the epithelial connective tissue interface (ECTI) in 57 profiles from nine SCC and 12 GCT-PEH cases was analysed using fractal geometry. Epithelial and non-epithelial cells were segmented using a space partition procedure and analysed morphometrically. GCT ECTI profiles were significantly more complex than those of SCC. The complexity of ECTI quantified by global and local fractal dimensions allowed up to 86% correct discrimination between GCT-PEH and SCC. The cell-wise discrimination between the two entities using cellular morphology was 76% but when the two approaches were combined, the correct discrimination was 96%. CONCLUSIONS The architectural features of GCT-PEH and SCC show differences which, when quantified, could be used to differentiate the two diagnostic classes. Characterization of these differences may help to elucidate some of the mechanisms of tumour infiltration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abu-Eid
- Oral Pathology Unit, School of Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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