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Shang YF, Shen YY, Zhang MC, Lv MC, Wang TY, Chen XQ, Lin J. Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1061235. [PMID: 36817607 PMCID: PMC9935576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function via various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen Zhang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Tong Ying Wang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lin,
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Paszynska E, Hernik A, Slopien A, Boucher Y, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Roszak M, Bilska K, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M. Expression of salivary immunoglobulins and their association with analgesic neuropeptide opiorphin in anorexia nervosa during adolescence. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:118. [PMID: 35953876 PMCID: PMC9367138 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by exceedingly lower body weight, micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies, and hyposalivation as compared to healthy subjects. In addition, AN may predispose to difficulties in oral health maintenance. However, little is known about the relationship between stress-dependent salivary neuro/immunopeptidergic biomarkers such as opiorphin and immunoglobulins (Ig) and AN.The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin and immunoglobulins in female children and adolescents diagnosed with AN compared to healthy controls. METHODS Adolescent patients with clinically-confirmed severe restrictive subtype AN (Body Mass Index BMI < 15 kg/m2, mean age 15.0 ± 1.8, n = 83) were examined in the first week of hospital admission and compared to healthy matched controls (n = 79). Measurements of salivary opiorphin, IgA, IgG, IgM (ELISA technique), and oral hygiene levels (Plaque Control Record index-PCR) were performed. RESULTS In the AN group, a significantly higher concentration of opiorphin was evidenced (3.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (1.1 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p < 0.001), contrary to IgM, which was significantly lower (311.0 ± 185.3 ng/ml) than in the control group (421.2 ± 168.1 ng/ml), (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of IgA and IgG, despite a higher concentration of IgA in the AN group vs. controls (p = 0.14). Spearman analysis revealed a correlation between opiorphin and age (p < 0.05), but also with all immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Similarly a correlation was found between PCR index and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM (respectively p = 0.028, p < 0.001), and between body mass, BMI, IBW% and IgA, IgM (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the acute phase of AN, salivary changes in opiorphin and immunoglobulins related to dental plaque suggest an essential role in oral health balance. Changes related to AN may affect the anti-inflammatory and analgesic components of saliva and suggest their use as neurobiological markers in severe malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska St. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska St. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Yves Boucher
- Université de Paris, LabNOF, 75013, Paris, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, PUMS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, PUMS, Poznan, Poland
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Krahel A, Paszynska E, Slopien A, Gawriolek M, Otulakowska-Skrzynska J, Rzatowski S, Hernik A, Hanć T, Bryl E, Szczesniewska P, Bilska K, Duda J, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M. Stress/Immune Biomarkers in Saliva among Children with ADHD Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020769. [PMID: 33477503 PMCID: PMC7831062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate stress and immune biomarkers in saliva samples of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD compared to healthy non-ADHD children. Material and methods. A total of 132 children under 11 years old (8.5 ± 1.1) enrolled in a cross-sectional study: with confirmed ADHD (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 72). The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index BMI, BMI z-score) and unstimulated saliva collection and measurements of free cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), and secreted immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgG, and IgM) with quantitative assay (ELISA) analysis. Unpaired t-test, Welch test, or Mann-Whitney U test were applied for group comparisons when appropriate, and the correlation between variables was analyzed with Spearman's rank coefficient. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. In the ADHD group, body weight (p ≤ 0.01), BMI (p ≤ 0.009), and hip circumference (p ≤ 0.001) significantly differed, while waist size and BMI z-score did not (p > 0.05). Significant elevation of the salivary sAA (p = 0.03), sIgA (p = 0.02), and IgM (p ≤ 0.001) biomarkers were detected, without differences in the morning cortisol (p > 0.05). Significant correlations between cortisol and BMI, hip size, and IgA, as well as between IgG and sAA and IgA were obtained. Conclusions. Saliva can be used to monitor ADHD status with regard to biomarkers indicating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, as HPA axis, and sympathetic activity. The results indicate that morning collection of saliva in contrast to unchanged salivary cortisol, may evaluate mentioned above system dysregulations by measurements of sAA and immunoglobulins among ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krahel
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (M.T.-N.)
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Justyna Otulakowska-Skrzynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Szymon Rzatowski
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.G.); (J.O.-S.); (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Paula Szczesniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
| | - Joanna Duda
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (M.T.-N.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (M.D.-W.)
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Sosnin DY, Gileva OS, Sivak EY, Daurova FY, Gibadullina NV, Korotin SV. [The content of vascular endothelial grow factor in saliva and serum in patients with periodontitis.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 64:663-668. [PMID: 31747494 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-11-663-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the concentration of vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mixed saliva and serum of patients in normal conditions and with generalized periodontitis. The main group (n = 42) was represented by patients with generalized periodontitis. The comparison group (n = 36) consisted of patients without periodontal tissue diseases. The concentration of VEFR was determined by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial test-system "VEGF - IFA - BEST" (A-8784) ("Vector - Best", Russia). The median values VEFR in saliva were 5.49 times higher than the values for serum in the main group (p = 0.000000) and 7.01 times in the comparison group (p = 0.000000). The concentration of VEFR in the saliva of the examined main group exceeded the similar values of the comparison group (p = 0,014857); the median and interquartile range for the main group was 1098.45 (925.5; 1291) pg/ml, and for the comparison group 1360.5 (998.9; 2062) pg/ml. There were no differences in the serum VEFR concentration (p = 0.775124). No significant correlation was found between the serum VEFR content and the mixed saliva. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the main group was R = 0,0184358, and for the comparison group, respectively, R = 0.188932. The source of VEFR in saliva are the glands and cells of the oral mucosa, and not the process of exudation from blood serum. The high content of VEFR in the saliva of healthy people and a decrease in its level during periodontitis indicates the important role of this protein in the processes of maintaining the normal state of periodontal tissues and reparation of tissues of the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Sosnin
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - O S Gileva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - E Y Sivak
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - F Y Daurova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N V Gibadullina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - S V Korotin
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
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Locati LD, Cavalieri S, Bergamini C, Resteghini C, Alfieri S, Calareso G, Bossi P, Perrone F, Tamborini E, Quattrone P, Granata R, Galbiati D, Platini F, Orlandi E, Mariani L, Licitra L. Phase II trial with axitinib in recurrent and/or metastatic salivary gland cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Head Neck 2019; 41:3670-3676. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Locati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Cristiana Bergamini
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Resteghini
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bossi
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Elena Tamborini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Pasquale Quattrone
- Pathology DepartmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Granata
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Donata Galbiati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Platini
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Radiotherapy 1‐2 UnitsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Biostatistics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
- Medical Oncology DepartmentUniversity of Milan Italy
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