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González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P. An Evidence-Based Update on the Potential for Malignancy of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:608. [PMID: 38339358 PMCID: PMC10854587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and a meta-analysis is presented on published articles on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP) and related conditions, which, based on current evidence, updates an earlier systematic review published by our research group that included publications until November 2018. In this updated study (Nov-2023) we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. We evaluated the methodological quality of studies (QUIPS tool) and carried out meta-analyses. The inclusion criteria were met by 101 studies (38,083 patients), of which, 20 new primary-level studies (11,512 patients) were published in the last 5 years and were added to our updated study. The pooled malignant transformation ratio was 1.43% (95% CI = 1.09-1.80) for OLP; 1.38% (95% CI = 0.16-3.38) for oral lichenoid lesions; 1.20% (95% CI = 0.00-4.25) for lichenoid reactions; and 5.13% (95% CI = 1.90-9.43) for OLP with dysplasia. No significant differences were found between the OLL or LR groups and the OLP subgroup (p = 0.853 and p = 0.328, respectively), and the malignant transformation was significantly higher for the OLP with dysplasia group in comparison with the OLP group (p = 0.001). The factors that had a significant impact with a higher risk of malignant transformation were the presence of epithelial dysplasia, a higher methodological quality, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, the location of lesions on the tongue, the presence of atrophic and erosive lesions, and infection by the hepatitis C virus. In conclusion, OLP behaves as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), whose malignancy ratio is probably underestimated as a consequence essentially of the use of inadequate diagnostic criteria and the low methodological quality of the studies on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Alsoghier A, AlMadan N, Alali M, Alshagroud R. Clinicohistological Characteristics of Patients with Oral Lichenoid Mucositis: A Retrospective Study for Dental Hospital Records. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6383. [PMID: 37835027 PMCID: PMC10573176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichenoid mucositis (OLM) of the oral mucosa is a histological diagnosis mainly characterised by a band of inflammatory infiltrate in lamina propria and basal cell degeneration. These features describe oral lichen planus or oral lichenoid reaction. However, it could be seen in oral dysplasia. The study aimed to assess the demographics and clinicohistological characteristics of patients with OLM and their relevance to dysplastic changes in the oral mucosa. This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study of archived and electronic records of individuals with histological confirmation of OLM at King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia. The descriptive and correlation assessments were used to describe the demographics and clinicohistological characteristics and their associations, respectively [p < 0.05]. The analysis included 140 records of patients with histological confirmation of OLM with a mean age of 47 (±13), and 57% (n = 81) were females. Notably, 40% of patients had at least one medical condition, mainly diabetes mellitus, 74% were asymptomatic, and 52% had lesions in the buccal mucosa. Dysplasia was seen in 18 (12%) of the 140 reviewed records. Regarding the associations between study variables, dysplastic changes were associated with the male gender [p = 0.024] and were of no significance with increased age [p = 0.594]. Moreover, having oral symptoms was associated with older age [p < 0.001], medical history of diabetes [p = 0.0132] and hypertension [p < 0.001]. The present study findings could help indicate the individuals with histologically confirmed OLM who suffer the most from the clinical disease and have an increased risk of dysplastic changes. Therefore, symptomatic management and long-term follow-up can be planned accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsoghier
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Nasser AlMadan
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.A.)
- Dental Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alali
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.A.)
- Dental Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alshagroud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.A.)
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Li JW, Li KY, Chan BWA, McGrath CP, Zheng LW. Rate of Malignant Transformation Differs Based on Diagnostic Criteria for Oral Lichenoid Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 24,277 Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092537. [PMID: 37174004 PMCID: PMC10177058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the evidence on the malignant potential of oral lichenoid conditions (OLCs) including oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and lichenoid mucositis dysplasia (LMD). In addition, it aims to compare the rate of malignant transformation (MT) in OLP patients diagnosed according to different diagnostic criteria, and to investigate the possible risk factors for OLP MT into OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized search strategy was applied across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Screening, identification and reporting followed the PRISMA framework. Data on MT were calculated as a pooled proportion (PP), subgroup analyses and possible risk factors for MT were pooled as odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Among 54 studies with 24,277 patients, the PP for OLCs MT was 1.07% (95% CI [0.82, 1.32]). The estimated MT rate for OLP, OLL and LMD was 0.94%, 1.95% and 6.31%, respectively. The PP OLP MT rate using the 2003 modified WHO criteria group was lower than that using the non-2003 criteria (0.86%; 95% CI [0.51, 1.22] versus 1.01%; 95% CI [0.67, 1.35]). A higher odds ratio of MT was observed for red OLP lesions (OR = 3.52; 95% CI [2.20, 5.64]), smokers (OR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.02, 3.03]), alcohol consumers (OR = 3.27, 95% CI [1.11, 9.64]) and those infected with HCV (OR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.58, 4.13]), compared to those without these risk factors. CONCLUSIONS OLP and OLL carry a low risk of developing OSCC. MT rates differed based on diagnostic criteria. A higher odds ratio of MT was observed among red OLP lesions, smokers, alcohol consumers, and HCV-positive patients. These findings have implications for practice and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Li
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kar Yan Li
- Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bik Wan Amy Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman Patrick McGrath
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Wu Zheng
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Marques LC, de Medeiros Nunes da Silva LA, Santos PDPM, de Almeida Lima Borba Lopes A, Cunha KS, Milagres A, Rozza-de-Menezes RE, Junior AS, Conde DC. Oral lichenoid lesion in association with chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma or lichen planus? Review of the literature and report of two challenging cases. Head Face Med 2022; 18:32. [PMID: 36068636 PMCID: PMC9447333 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) remains a challenge for clinicians and pathologists. Although, in many cases, OLL cannot be clinically and histopathologically distinguishable from oral lichen planus (OLP), one important difference between these lesions is that OLL has an identifiable etiological factor, e.g. medication, restorative material, and food allergy. The list of drugs that can cause OLL is extensive and includes anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, antihypertensives, antivirals, antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, among others. This work aimed to perform a literature review of OLL related to chemotherapy drugs and to report two cases of possible OLL in patients with B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in use of chemotherapy and adjuvant medications. We also discuss the challenge to clinically and histopathologically differentiate OLL and OLP. Case presentation In both cases, oral lesions presented reticular, atrophic, erosive/ulcerated, and plaque patterns. The diagnosis of OLL was initially established in both cases by the association of histopathology and history of onset of lesions after the use of medications. Although the patients have presented a significant improvement in the oral clinical picture for more than 2 years of follow-up, they still have some lesions. Conclusion A well-detailed anamnesis associated with the drug history, temporal relationship of the appearance of the lesions, and follow-up of patients are fundamental for the diagnosis of OLL related to drugs. Nevertheless, its differentiation from OLP is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Côgo Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karin Soares Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adrianna Milagres
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Arley Silva Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Castex Conde
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Sanches ACB, Pires ALPV, Medrado ARAP, de Almeida Reis SR, Freitas VS, Martins GB. Oral Lichen Planus: Associations Between Histomorphometric Characteristics and White and Red Lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:969-979. [PMID: 35579856 PMCID: PMC9729480 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histomorphometry seems to provide more rigid quantitative elements for histological analysis and to bring less subjectivity to the diagnosis of oral lichen planus lesions (OLP). This study aimed to verify the association between white and red lesions and histomorphometric characteristics of OLP lesions. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed 48 hematoxylin- and eosin-stained histological sections from incisional biopsies obtained from OLP cases. A single previously calibrated evaluator performed the light microscopy analyses to evaluate morphological and morphometric parameters. Analyses of associations among variables were performed using the Fisher's exact test. Morphometric variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Comparisons among the three groups (age range) were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. In this study, 81.2% of the participants were women aged < 50 years. Keratosis, acanthosis, and inflammatory infiltrates were noted in 10.4, 10.4, and 37.5% of moderate/severe cases, respectively. Inflammatory infiltrate (52.1%), papillary projections (54.2%), saw teeth (12.5%), basal layer degeneration (39.6%), and Civatte bodies (68.8%) were also observed. There was no significant association between lesion type and clinicopathological variables (p > 0.05) or between lesion type and histological (p > 0.05) and morphometric variables (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the morphometric variables analyzed did not differ between white and red lesions (p > 0.05) or in their associations with clinicopathological variables (p > 0.05). The results of this investigation showed no associations between white and red OLP lesions and the histomorphometric characteristics evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Barletta Sanches
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems of the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ,Laboratório de Bioquímica Oral, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (UFBA), Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n. Sala 410. Vale do Canela, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Regina de Almeida Reis
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia Brazil ,Pathology, Berlin’s Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valéria Souza Freitas
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil ,Dentistry Course, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil ,Postgraduate Program in Public Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Botelho Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems of the Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ,Clinical Stomatology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil ,Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mostafavi E, Aref AR, Sethi G, Wang L, Tergaonkar V. Non-coding RNA-based regulation of inflammation. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101606. [PMID: 35691882 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifactorial process and various biological mechanisms and pathways participate in its development. The presence of inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and even, cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise large part of transcribed genome and their critical function in physiological and pathological conditions has been confirmed. The present review focuses on miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs as ncRNAs and their potential functions in inflammation regulation and resolution. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors are regulated by miRNAs via binding to 3'-UTR or indirectly via affecting other pathways such as SIRT1 and NF-κB. LncRNAs display a similar function and they can also affect miRNAs via sponging in regulating levels of cytokines. CircRNAs mainly affect miRNAs and reduce their expression in regulating cytokine levels. Notably, exosomal ncRNAs have shown capacity in inflammation resolution. In addition to pre-clinical studies, clinical trials have examined role of ncRNAs in inflammation-mediated disease pathogenesis and cytokine regulation. The therapeutic targeting of ncRNAs using drugs and nucleic acids have been analyzed to reduce inflammation in disease therapy. Therefore, ncRNAs can serve as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in inflammation-related diseases in pre-clinical and clinical backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Faghihian E, Taghvaee R, Etemadi M, Ghalayani P. Comparison of clinical indices and therapeutic effect of a mucoadhesive system containing Melissa 1% and triamcinolone 0.1% on lichenoid reactions. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 35308455 PMCID: PMC8927956 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.336687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Costa AM, Pontes FS, Souza LL, Lopes MA, Santos-Silva AR, Vargas PA, Andrade BA, Bezerra KT, Romañach MJ, Gomez RS, Costa RF, Júnior DD. What is the frequency of floor of the mouth lesions? A descritive study of 4,016 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e738-e747. [PMID: 34704985 PMCID: PMC8601650 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of oral lesions in the floor of the mouth from representative oral pathology centres in Latin America. Material and Methods This study was conducted on biopsies obtained from January of 1978 to December of 2018 at nine Latin America oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. Gender, age and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Data were analysed using descriptive methods. Chi-square test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results From 114,893 samples, 4,016 lesions (3.49%) occurred in the floor of the mouth. Brazil showed 3,777 cases (94%), Mexico 182 cases (4.5%) and Argentina 57 cases (1.4%). Benign lesions represented 65.1% (2,617 cases), followed by 34.9% (1,404 cases) of malignant disorders. Lesions of epithelial origin were more frequent (1,964 cases; 48.9%), followed by salivary glands (1,245 cases; 31%) and soft tissue lesions (475 cases; 11.7%). The most common histological subtypes were oral squamous cell carcinoma (1,347 cases; 33.5%), ranula (724 cases; 18%), oral leukoplakia (476 cases; 11.8%) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (239 cases; 5.9%). The lesion affected males in 2,129 cases and females in 1,897 cases. Conclusions In the current study, lesions in the floor of the mouth represented 3.49% of biopsies submitted to oral pathology services and oral squamous cell carcinoma, ranula and leukoplakia were the most common lesions. Key words:Epidemiology, floor of the mouth, benign, malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Costa
- João de Barros Barreto University Hospital Department of Surgery and Oral Pathology Mundurucus Street, nº 4487 Zip Code 66073-000, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Huang Z, Liu F, Wang W, Ouyang S, Sang T, Huang Z, Liao L, Wu J. Deregulation of circ_003912 contributes to pathogenesis of erosive oral lichen planus by via sponging microRNA-123, -647 and -31 and upregulating FOXP3. Mol Med 2021; 27:132. [PMID: 34670484 PMCID: PMC8527710 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FOXP3/miR-146a/NF-κB axis was previously reported to modulate the induction and function of CD4+ Treg cells to alleviate oral lichen planus. Also, other signaling pathways including microRNA-155-IFN-γ loop and FOXP3/miR-146a/TRAF6 pathways were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of EOLP. Method CircRNA microarray was used to observe the expression of candidate circRNAs in CD4+ T-cells collected from different groups. Real-time PCR and Western blot were conducted to observe the changes in the expression of different miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins. Flow cytometry was performed to compare the counts of Treg cells in the HC and EOLP groups, and ELISA was performed to evaluate the changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Result No obvious differences were seen between the HC and EOLP groups in terms of age and gender. Among all candidate circRNAs, the expression of circ_003912 was most dramatically elevated in CD4+ T-cells collected from the EOLP group. The levels of miR-1231, miR-31, miR-647, FOXP3 mRNA and miR-146a were decreased while the expression of TRAF6 mRNA was increased in CD4+ T-cells collected from the EOLP group. The count of Treg cells in the EOLP group was dramatically increased. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-2 were influenced by the presence of circ_003912. In CD4+ T-cells in the EOLP group, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased. The presence of miR-1231, miR-31 and miR-647 all obviously inhibited the expression of circ_003912, which was validated to sponge the expression of above miRNAs. Also, FOXP3 mRNA was proved to be targeted by miR-1231, miR-31 and miR-647. Transfection of circ_003912 up-regulated the expression of circ_003912, miR-146a and FOXP3 mRNA/protein while down-regulating the expression of miR-1231, miR-31, miR-647, and TRAF6 mRNA/protein. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-2 as well as the speed of cell proliferation were influenced by circ_003912. Conclusion In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of EOLP which involved the functioning of circ_003912. We first demonstrated that circ_003912 was up-regulated in CD4+ T-cells of the EOLP group. And miRNAs including miR-1231, miR-31 and miR-647 were sponged by circ_003912 and down-regulated in CD4+ T cells of the EOLP group, which subsequently up-regulated the expression of FOXP3 and miR-146a, and resulted in the inhibition of NF-kB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00382-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shaobo Ouyang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ting Sang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.49 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lan Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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Gómez-Armayones S, Chimenos-Küstner E, Arranz C, Tous S, Marquez S, Penín RM, Quirós B, Taberna M, Alemany L, Servitje O, Mena M. Risk factors for oral epithelial dysplasias to become malignant: clinical implications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:473-480. [PMID: 34503889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of effective clinical management of oral epithelial dysplasias to reduce their risk of malignant transformation and considerable gaps in knowledge regarding the most effective means of treating such lesions. A retrospective cohort of biopsy-confirmed oral epithelial dysplasias consecutively diagnosed in the period 1995-2014 and followed-up until 2017 was identified from pathology department files. Demographic, clinical and follow-up information was collected. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models were performed to evaluate sociodemographic, clinical and pathological factors associated with progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The study included 144 oral epithelial dysplasias, of which 42% progressed to oral cancer at the end of follow-up (21 years). Clinical aspect of the lesion was described for 77 (53.5%) of the patients. Treatment, age, grade of the lesion and diagnostic period were independent prognostic factors for progression. When considering only patients with described clinical aspect, only treatment and grade of the lesion were independently associated with cancer. The results from this non-selected retrospective cohort of oral epithelial dysplasias underscore the existing limitations of the current standard-of-care of the patients and provide novel insights on the management of these lesions with and without described clinical aspect. Well-designed, robust prospective studies, a homogenized staging system and multidisciplinary treatment guidelines are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Armayones
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Chimenos-Küstner
- Department of Odontostomatology, Odontological University Hospital of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Arranz
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Tous
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Marquez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Penín
- Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Quirós
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Taberna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Servitje
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mena
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Zotti F, Nocini R, Capocasale G, Bertossi D, Fior A, Peretti M, Manfrin E, Albanese M. Oral Lichen Planus: risk factors of malignant transformation and follow up. Ten years retrospective study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e630-e636. [PMID: 34306524 PMCID: PMC8291160 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is an inflammatory chronic disease. Modified World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria (2003) suggest diagnosing OLP both clinically and histologically. Furthermore, it is known the potential of malignant transformation of OLP, especially those affecting mucosa. Aims of this retrospective study on 100 patients were i) to estimate the timing of transformation of OLP lesions in OSCC in a cohort of patients observed between 2008 and 2018; ii) to assess risk factors of OLP patients diagnosed with OSCC; iii) to analyse forms of OLP evolved in cancer.
Material and Methods A database of 100 patients diagnosed with OLP was evaluated and clinical, histological features of lesions, habits of patients and systemic diseases were analysed in a follow up ranged between 5 and 10 years.
Results Mean time of malignant transformation was 31,62± 18,26 months; however, 4 malignant transformations out of 8 occurred about after 4 years of observation. Furthermore, Odds ratios for risk factors showed an association between malignant transformation and location.
Conclusions More focused attention on follow-up scheduling and designing could be a valuable resource in early diagnosis and cancer prevention in OLP patients. Key words:Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Cancer, Malignant transformation, risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zotti
- Researcher, DDS, PhD, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona. Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Piazzale L. Scuro n.10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Resident, MD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, n.1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Capocasale
- Resident, DDS, PhD, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona. Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Piazzale L. Scuro n.10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Associate professor, MD, MS, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona. Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Piazzale L. Scuro n.10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fior
- MD, MS, Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Erminia Manfrin
- Researcher, MD, MS, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Piazzale L. Scuro n.10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Associate professor, MD, MS, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona. Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Piazzale L. Scuro n.10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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12
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González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, González-Ruiz I, Ayén Á, González-Ruiz L, Ruiz-Ávila I, Ramos-García P. Dysplasia in oral lichen planus: relevance, controversies and challenges. A position paper. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e541-e548. [PMID: 34162824 PMCID: PMC8254877 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) have an increased risk of oral cancer. For this reason, OLP is classified as an oral potentially malignant disorder. However, the precise personal (or individual) risk is unknown. Recent meta-analytical studies have reported that dysplastic OLP may transform to cancer in around 6% of cases, while the rate of transformation is lower (<1.5%) in non-dysplastic cases. The presence of epithelial dysplasia has emerged as the most powerful indicator for assessing cancer risk in oral potentially malignant disorders in routine practice. However, the general acceptance of epithelial dysplasia as an accompanying histologic feature in OLP is subject to great controversy. Many pathologists consider the presence of dysplasia as a criterion to exclude OLP when routinely reporting on this disease. This practice, widespread among oral pathology professionals, has resulted in the underestimation of the potential for malignancy of OLP. Material and Methods A review of the literature was carried out in order to critically analyze the relevance, controversies and challenges encountered across the diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia in OLP. Results 12 studies have been published examining dysplastic changes in OLP, reporting Figures ranging from 0.54% to 25% of cases with dysplasia in the first diagnostic biopsy. The diagnosis of dysplasia in the OLP poses an additional difficulty due to the fact that the affected oral epithelium per se develops changes related to autoimmune aggression. Among the most frequent histological features of OLP that develops dysplasia are basal cell hyperplasia with basaloid appearance, loss of basal cells polarity, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and irregular stratification. Conclusions Epithelial dysplasia should not be considered an exclusion criterion for OLP; its evaluation requires experienced pathologists in this field. Key words:Oral lichen planus, epithelial dysplasia, oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Á González-Moles
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada Granada, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Farah CS, Fox S, Shearston K, Newman L, Babic S, Vacher M. Lichenoid dysplasia is not a distinct pathological entity. Oral Oncol 2021; 119:105362. [PMID: 34062399 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral Lichenoid Dysplasia (OLD) is a controversial histological term applied to lesions that display features of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). In this study we investigated the molecular profiles of OLD, OLP and OED to determine whether OLD exists as a distinct pathological entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from patients presenting with lesions diagnosed histologically as OLP, OLD or OED underwent RNA sequencing followed by differential gene expression, functional enrichment and network analysis, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis, and immune cell phenotypic estimation. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering demonstrated a group of genes with high expression in OLP and OLD, and low expression in OED, predominantly involved in inflammatory processes. Many genes were significantly differentially expressed between either OLD or OLP and OED, but few between OLD and OLP. Functional enrichment showed significant pathways and ontologies related to inflammatory signalling and immune response between OLD or OLP and OED. Broad commonality was found between OLP and OLD in upregulation of specific immune system pathways. Classifying models discriminated histologically diagnosed OLD from OED based upon molecular data alone. Bioinformatic profiling showed that immune cell populations in OLP and OLD were consistent, and distinct from OED. CONCLUSION Molecular data shows that OLD is not a distinct pathological entity. Its transcriptomic and immunophenotypic profile is similar to OLP and distinct from OED. We recommend that oral lichenoid dysplasia not be used as a distinct pathological entity. Our data further supports exclusion of dysplasia in diagnosis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA, Australia; Oral, Maxillofacial & Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; The Oral Medicine Clinic, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA, Australia.
| | - Simon Fox
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Kate Shearston
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA, Australia; UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Luke Newman
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Babic
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Vacher
- Australian eHealth Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation, Floreat, WA, Australia.
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14
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions-3.0 evidence level: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Oral Dis 2021; 27:1919-1935. [PMID: 33616234 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of systematic reviews-aka overview of reviews, a novel type of study design providing a tertiary level of evidence-is presented on systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MTA) evaluating the cancer development in oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR). We searched for SR-MTA published before January 2021. We evaluated the methodological quality of SR-MTA using AMSTAR2 and checked the quality of evidence. Inclusion criteria were met by seven SR-MTA. Oral cancer ratios ranged between 0.44% and 2.28% for OLP, between 1.88% and 3.80% for OLL, and 1.71% for OLR. Significant factors on cancer development reported in SR-MTA were the presence of epithelial dysplasia, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, the infection by the hepatitis C virus, the presence of atrophic and erosive lesions, and the location on the tongue. Only, one of the SRs assessed the quality of evidence, and most of them were judged to be of critically low methodological quality. In conclusion, based on the reported evidence on cancer incidence in OLP, our results reaffirm classifying OLP as an oral potentially malignant disorder. In relation to OLLs and OLRs, larger studies are necessary to provide further scientific evidence in this regard. Future follow-up studies on OLP and related lesions should be carried out under stricter criteria that improve their quality of evidence and methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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15
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Xu XH, Liu Y, Feng L, Yang YS, Liu SG, Guo W, Zhou HX, Li ZQ, Zhang L, Meng WX. Interleukin-6 released by oral lichen planus myofibroblasts promotes angiogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:291. [PMID: 33717234 PMCID: PMC7885057 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP), defined as a potential for malignant transformation, is a chronic inflammatory disease in which abnormal angiogenesis serves a role in the malignant changes of the disease. OLP-associated fibroblasts (OLP-MFs), derived from the stroma of OLP tissues, are characterized by the presence of myofibroblasts and contribute to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of OLP. However, the associated mechanisms of angiogenesis in OLP remain unknown. The present study aimed to verify the expression of intercellular adhesion molecular 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VEGF and CD34 in OLP, and to investigate whether IL-6 secreted by OLP-MFs promoted OLP angiogenesis and the effect of its corresponding antibody inhibition. The results of the experiments demonstrated that inflammation was present and OLP upregulated the secretion of IL-6 by OLP stromal fibroblasts, thereby enhancing OLP angiogenesis. Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody inhibited OLP-stroma IL-6 signaling and suppressed OLP angiogenesis. The antibody inhibited the inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, to suppress angiogenesis and reduce disease progression, thus indicating that this could be a potential target to develop a treatment for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Heng Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Shen Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xi Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xia Meng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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16
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Torabi M, Afshar MK, Afshar HM, Mohammahzadeh I. Correlation Between Clinical and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molook Torabi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marzieh Karimi Afshar
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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17
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Milutin Gašperov N, Sabol I, Božinović K, Dediol E, Mravak-Stipetić M, Licastro D, Dal Monego S, Grce M. DNA Methylome Distinguishes Head and Neck Cancer from Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions and Healthy Oral Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186853. [PMID: 32961999 PMCID: PMC7554960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong need to find new, good biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) because of the bad prognoses and high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify the potential biomarkers in HNSCC that have differences in their DNA methylome and potentially premalignant oral lesions, in comparison to healthy oral mucosa. In this study, 32 oral samples were tested: nine healthy oral mucosae, 13 HNSCC, and 10 oral lesions for DNA methylation by the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Our findings showed that a panel of genes significantly hypermethylated in their promoters or specific sites in HNSCC samples in comparison to healthy oral samples, which are mainly oncogenes, receptor, and transcription factor genes, or genes included in cell cycle, transformation, apoptosis, and autophagy. A group of hypomethylated genes in HNSCC, in comparison to healthy oral mucosa, are mainly involved in the host immune response and transcriptional regulation. The results also showed significant differences in gene methylation between HNSCC and potentially premalignant oral lesions, as well as differently methylated genes that discriminate between oral lesions and healthy mucosa. The given methylation panels point to novel potential biomarkers for early diagnostics of HNSCC, as well as potentially premalignant oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Milutin Gašperov
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivan Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ksenija Božinović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Emil Dediol
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marinka Mravak-Stipetić
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome sequencing, AREA Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simeone Dal Monego
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome sequencing, AREA Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.G.); (M.G.)
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18
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Guan G, Mei L, Polonowita A, Hussaini H, Seo B, Rich AM. Malignant transformation in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions: a 14-year longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 829 patients in New Zealand. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:411-418. [PMID: 32771414 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the rate of malignant transformation in a longitudinal cohort of patients with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion (OLP/OLL) and to assess the associations between clinicopathologic aspects and malignant transformation. STUDY DESIGN Data were taken from the records of 829 patients histologically diagnosed with OLP/OLL in the years 2005 to 2018. RESULTS Of the study patients, 548 (66.1%) were females and 281 (33.9%) were males. The average age at diagnosis was 57.3 years. The hyperplastic type was the most frequent (58.5%). Most patients had multiple sites of involvement, with the buccal mucosa being the most frequent site of biopsy. Oral epithelial dysplasia developed in 5 (0.6%) patients with a previous histologic diagnosis of OLP/OLL and developed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 23 patients (2.8%) during the follow-up period. The atrophic/ulcerative forms are 25.8 times more likely to progress to OSCC compared with the hyperplastic types (hazard ratio [HR] 25.8; P < .05). The HR increases by 5% with every year of age (HR 1.05; 95% confidence interval; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In our study, oral epithelial dysplasia developed in less than 1% of patients with OLP/OLL, and OSCC in 2.8%during the follow-up period. The atrophic/ulcerative forms are 25.8 times more likely to progress to OSCC compared with the hyperplastic types. The HR increases by 5% with every year of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ajith Polonowita
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Haizal Hussaini
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Benedict Seo
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alison Mary Rich
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Zhang J, Chen GY, Wang F, Zhou G. MiR-29b interacts with IFN-γ and induces DNA hypomethylation in CD4+ T cells of oral lichen planus. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:1248-1254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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The Role of Carcinogenesis-Related Biomarkers in the Wnt Pathway and Their Effects on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030555. [PMID: 32121061 PMCID: PMC7139589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can develop from potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), it is critical to develop methods for early detection to improve the prognosis of patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role during tumor progression and metastasis. The Wnt signaling pathway is an intercellular pathway in animals that also plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation and regeneration, and in the function of many cell or tissue types. Specific components of master regulators such as epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), Vimentin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Snail, and neural cadherin (N-cadherin), which are known to control the EMT process, have also been implicated in the Wnt cascade. Here, we review recent findings on the Wnt signaling pathway and the expression mechanism. These regulators are known to play roles in EMT and tumor progression, especially in OSCC. Characterizing the mechanisms through which both EMT and the Wnt pathway play a role in these cellular pathways could increase our understanding of the tumor genesis process and may allow for the development of improved therapeutics for OSCC.
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21
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Idrees M, Kujan O, Shearston K, Farah CS. Oral lichen planus has a very low malignant transformation rate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis using strict diagnostic and inclusion criteria. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:287-298. [PMID: 31981238 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education Nedlands WA Australia
- Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch WA Australia
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22
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Iocca O, Sollecito TP, Alawi F, Weinstein GS, Newman JG, De Virgilio A, Di Maio P, Spriano G, Pardiñas López S, Shanti RM. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of malignant transformation rate by subtype. Head Neck 2019; 42:539-555. [PMID: 31803979 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity (OPMD) are a heterogeneous group of lesions associated with a variable risk of malignant transformation (MT) to invasive cancer. Leukoplakia (LE), lichen planus (LP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), oral erythroplakia (OE), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are among the most common of these lesions. Oral dysplasia is a mucosal area characterized by cellular and architectural derangement, which may be associated with OPMDs or not. OBJECTIVE To define the MT rate of OPMDs and the risk of development into cancer of mild vs moderate/severe oral dysplasia. This in order to implement adequate follow-up strategies and treatment decisions. STUDY DESIGN We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies reporting the MT rates of OPMDs and oral dysplasia. Ninety-two studies were included for the analysis. Cumulative rates were reported for OPMDs overall and as a subgroup, a comparison was made of mild vs moderate/severe dysplasia. Meta-regression on OPMD and year of publication was also performed. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Overall MT rates of OPMDs and odds ratio of MT of mild vs moderate/severe dysplasia. RESULTS Overall MT rate across all OPMD groups was 7.9% (99% confidence interval [CI] 4.9%-11.5%). MT rates of the specific OPMD subgroups were as follows: LP 1.4% (99% CI 0.9%-1.9%), LE 9.5 (5.9%-14.00%), OLL 3.8% (99% CI 1.6%-7.00%), OSF 5.2% (99% CI 2.9%-8.00%), OE 33.1% (99% CI 13.6%-56.1%), and PVL 49.5% (99% CI 26.7%-72.4%). Regarding the dysplasia grades comparison, the meta-analysis showed that moderate/severe dysplasia is meaningfully associated to a much greater risk of MT compared to mild dysplasia with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.8) [Correction added on 27 December 2019, after first online publication: CI updated from 99% to 95%.]. Heterogeneity was not significant. Annual MT rates were approximated based on the average follow-up as reported in the various subgroups. Lichen planus had an annual MT of 0.28%, OLL of 0.57%, leukoplakia of 1.56%, PVL of 9.3%, and OSF of 0.98%. Mild dysplasia had an annual MT of 1.7%, while severe dysplasia of 3.57%. Meta-regression showed a significant negative correlation of PVL MT rate and year of the study (P value <.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE OPMDs and oral dysplasia are relatively common conditions that general practitioners, head and neck, and oral medicine specialists, face in their everyday practice. Our analysis confirms the significant risk of MT of these lesions, although variable among the subgroups. Moderate/severe dysplasia bears a much higher risk of cancer evolution than mild dysplasia. It is important to raise public health awareness on the MT rates of these conditions, at the same time efficacious communication with the patient is of utmost importance. This, coupled with strict follow-up measures and optimal treatment strategies, would help in reducing the transformation of these oral conditions into invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Iocca
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Thomas P Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason G Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Maio
- Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Simón Pardiñas López
- Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Clínica Médico Dental Pardiñas, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA) and Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC) Strategic Group, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rabie M Shanti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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González-Moles MÁ, Ruiz-Ávila I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Gil-Montoya JA, Ramos-García P. Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2019; 96:121-130. [PMID: 31422203 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), and oral lichenoid reactions (LRs) and to determine the variables with greatest influence on cancer development. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2018. We evaluated the quality of studies (QUIPS tool). We carried out meta-analyses to fulfill our objectives. We examined the between-study heterogeneity and small-study effects, and conducted sensitivity studies and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 82 studies (26,742 patients. The combined malignant transformation rate was 1.14% for OLP (95% CI = 0.84-1.49), 1.88% for OLLs (95% CI = 0.15-4.95) and 1.71% for LRs (95% CI = 0.00-5.46). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher malignant transformation rate in studies when the presence of epithelial dysplasia was not an exclusion criterion (p = 0.001), when both clinical and histopathological criteria were used for diagnosis (p < 0.001), when the follow-up was at least 12 months (p = 0.048), and when there was lower risk of potential bias (p = 0.002). Malignant transformation risk factors were: tongue localization (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.21-2.74, p = 0.004), presence of atrophic-erosive lesions (RR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.40-6.98, p < 0.001), tobacco use (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.28-3.05, p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (RR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.14-4.56, p = 0.02), and hepatitis C virus infection (RR = 4.46, 95% CI = 0.98-20.22, p = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS The malignant transformation rates of OLP, OLLs and LRs are underestimated due essentially to restrictive diagnostic criteria, inadequate follow-up periods, and/or low quality of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Granada, Spain.
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Granada, Spain; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Granada, Spain.
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Shearston K, Fateh B, Tai S, Hove D, Farah CS. Oral lichenoid dysplasia and not oral lichen planus undergoes malignant transformation at high rates. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:538-545. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Behrooz Fateh
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Shixiong Tai
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Dzikamai Hove
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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25
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Laniosz V, Torgerson RR, Ramos-Rodriguez AJ, Ma JE, Mara KC, Weaver AL, Bruce AJ. Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in oral lichen planus: a 25-year population-based study. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:296-301. [PMID: 30216435 PMCID: PMC6922303 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa. Multiple studies have shown that approximately 1% of patients with OLP will develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however, no study has taken a population-based multicenter approach to demonstrate this association. Our main objective was to determine the incidence of OSCC in OLP in a specific population and secondarily to assist physicians regarding appropriate long-term monitoring of patients with OLP. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patients with OLP from 1986 through 2010 were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) for Olmsted County, Minnesota. For each OLP case (n = 303), we randomly selected two age- and gender-matched referents (n = 606). OLP diagnosis was established based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Medical records were reviewed for development of OSCCafter the OLP diagnosis (index date). The association between OLP and development of OSCC was assessed. RESULTS In total, 303 patients with incident OLP were identified; the overall incidence of OLP per 100,000 person-years was 11.4 (95% CI, 10.1-12.7). Among the OLP cohort, 7 had OSCC (incidence of OSCC, 3.1%; 95% CI, 0.6-6.4%) at 20 years after OLP diagnosis. Three OSCC cases were identified among the referents. Patients with OLP were 4.8 times more likely to have OSCC than the matched referents. The median time to OSCC development was 14.7 years earlier for the OLP cohort. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OLP, particularly the erosive type, have an increased incidence of OSCC development and should be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Laniosz
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rochelle R Torgerson
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alvaro J Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice E Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristin C Mara
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy L Weaver
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alison J Bruce
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Giuliani M, Troiano G, Cordaro M, Corsalini M, Gioco G, Lo Muzio L, Pignatelli P, Lajolo C. Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2018; 25:693-709. [PMID: 29738106 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine: (a) the malignant transformation rate (TR) of oral lichen planus (OLP) and its risk factors; (b) whether or not oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) have a different malignant TR. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search engines: only observational, full-length, English language studies were investigated. PRISMA protocol was used to evaluate and present results. PROSPERO registration code is CRD42016048529. RESULTS Among 7,429 records screened, only 21 were included in this review. Ninety-two of 6,559 patients developed oral squamous cell carcinoma, with an overall TR of 1.40% (1.37% for OLP and 2.43% for OLL), an annual TR of 0.20%. Female gender, red clinical forms, and tongue site seem to slightly increase the transformation risk. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review confirms that both OLP and OLL, the latter with a slightly higher TR, may be considered potentially malignant disorders and suggest that erosive type, female gender and tongue site should be considered as risk factors for OLP transformation. Major efforts should be done to establish strict clinical and histological criteria to diagnose OLP and to perform sounder methodological observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gioele Gioco
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
In many mucocutaneous disorders, corticosteroids therapy is currently central. Systemic therapy is restricted to severe disorders whereas topical applications are considered as the first-line treatment. The oral cavity environment, the medication form and other factors related to the delivery method are key factors for the therapy efficiency and effectiveness. Current marketed medications are not able to avoid wrong drug exposure and scarce patients' compliance. Innovative in situ delivery systems are able to prolong the drug retention time on the mucosa and to avoid the drawbacks of conventional formulations. This review is intended to give a general overview of oral mucocutaneous pathologies and highlight the potential of new technologies in designing innovative delivery systems able to release corticosteroids in situ for the treatment of various oral cavity disorders.
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Mendes GG, Servato JPS, Borges FC, Rosa RR, Siqueira CS, de Faria PR, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV. Differential metallothionein expression in oral lichen planus and amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e262-e268. [PMID: 29680841 PMCID: PMC5945242 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T cells, which manifests as reticular (white) or erosive (red) lesions, that are eventually painful. Oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) are distinguished from OLP by the presence of precipitating factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of metallothionein, which is involved in anti-apoptotic pathways and the anti-oxidative response, could serve as a differential diagnostic for OLP and OLL. Material and Methods We evaluated the expression of metallothionein in 40 cases of OLP and 20 cases of OLL using immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusions White OLP has higher concentrations of metallothionein than red OLP in basal and parabasal layers. Moreover, metallothionein was more frequently observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of basal cells in OLP patients compared to the same regions of OLL cases. Metallothionein levels are related to OLP severity and may contribute to a differential diagnosis between OLP and OLL. Key words:Oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid lesions, autoimmune disorders, metallothionein, immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-G Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Área de Patologia. Av. Pará, 1720, Campus Umuarama. CEP: 38405-320, Uberlândia - MG Brazil,
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Enomoto A, Sato E, Yasuda T, Isomura T, Nagao T, Chikazu D. Intraepithelial CD8+ lymphocytes as a predictive diagnostic biomarker for the remission of oral lichen planus. Hum Pathol 2018; 74:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of salivary microRNA-21, -125a, -31 and -200a levels in patients with oral lichen planus - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:329-334. [PMID: 29480379 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP), a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is considered to be a premalignant disorder of the oral cavity. Previously, several biomarkers have been tested for their diagnostic potential. Here, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of four miRNAs, miR-21, -125a, -31 and -200a, known to be involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development, in the saliva of OLP patients as also their putative relation to OSCC development in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva samples from 30 patients with OLP were collected, 15 of whom were diagnosed with dysplasia upon histopathologic examination. In addition, 15 saliva samples from patients with OSCC and 15 saliva samples from healthy donors were collected. After RNA extraction, the respective miRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS We found that the miR-21 levels were significantly increased in saliva samples derived from patients with OLP, dysplastic OLP and OSCC, compared to those from healthy controls (p = 0.012, p = 0.0017 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conversely, significant decreases in miR-125a levels were found in the OLP, dysplastic OLP and OSCC samples, compared to those from healthy controls (p < 0.0014, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, significant increases in miR-31 levels were found in samples derived from dysplastic OLP and OSCC patients, but not in those from nondysplastic OLP patients, compared to those in healthy controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively). Finally, we found that the miR-200a levels were significantly decreased only in samples derived from OSCC patients (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that increased miR-21 levels in conjunction with decreased miR-125a levels in saliva of OLP patients may be indicative for a poor prognosis. Conversely, we conclude that lack of significant alterations in miR-31 and miR-200a levels in saliva of OLP patients may be indicative for absence of malignant transformation.
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Speight PM, Khurram SA, Kujan O. Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 125:612-627. [PMID: 29396319 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) have a statistically increased risk of progressing to cancer, but the risk varies according to a range of patient- or lesion-related factors. It is difficult to predict the risk of progression in any individual patient, and the clinician must make a judgment based on assessment of each case. The most commonly encountered OPMD is leukoplakia, but others, including lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, and erythroplakia, may also be seen. Factors associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation include sex; site and type of lesion; habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption; and the presence of epithelial dysplasia on histologic examination. In this review, we attempt to identify important risk factors and present a simple algorithm that can be used as a guide for risk assessment at each stage of the clinical evaluation of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Speight
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Akram Z, Javed F, Hosein M, Al-Qahtani MA, Alshehri F, Alzahrani AI, Vohra F. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:167-174. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ziauddin University; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry; Eastman Institute for Oral Health; University of Rochester; Rochester NY USA
| | - Mervyn Hosein
- Faculty of Dentistry; Ziauddin Medical University; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Gobbo M, Rupel K, Zoi V, Perinetti G, Ottaviani G, Di Lenarda R, Bevilacqua L, Woo SB, Biasotto M. Scoring systems for Oral Lichen Planus used by differently experienced raters. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e562-e571. [PMID: 28809373 PMCID: PMC5694178 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scoring systems have been widely used to evaluate the severity and activity of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of the present study was to compare two existing (one modified) scoring systems in the evaluation of OLP severity and correlation with pain. Three differently experienced raters were involved. Material and Methods Consecutive patients with OLP were assessed for pain using the Visual Analogue Scale and examined at 10 intraoral sites before starting (T0) and three weeks after (T1) steroid therapy (Clobetasol). Three differently experienced raters evaluated photographs using two scoring systems designated White-Erosive-Atrophic (WEA) modified from an older WEA system (WEA-MOD) and Reticular-erythematous-Ulcerative (REU) systems. WEA-MOD Kendall’s W and interclass correlation coefficient were calculated and correlation between REU/WEA-MOD and pain was calculated using Spearman coefficient. Results Most patients showed lesions on buccal mucosa (85-93,5%) and maxillary/mandibular gingivae (31,8-31,2%), predominantly reticular. At T0, Kendall-W coefficients of 0.89 and 0.74 were obtained for the REU and WEA respectively. At T1, Kendall-W coefficients of 0.83 and 0.58 were obtained for the REU and WEA respectively. Interclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 0.90 for REU and from 0.58 to 0.87 for WEA. REU and WEA scores significantly decreased after therapy (p<0.000) as well as VAS (p<0.05). REU score showed correlation with VAS. Conclusions All the raters achieved comparable measures using REU whereas WEA and WEA-MOD seem less reproducible. REU seems to correlate to disease activity and pain. Key words:Oral lichen planus, scoring system, VAS, REU, WEA, rater.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gobbo
- Division of oral medicine and pathology, Dental Science Department, Ospedale Maggiore, 34100, Trieste, Italy,
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Aghbari SMH, Abushouk AI, Attia A, Elmaraezy A, Menshawy A, Ahmed MS, Elsaadany BA, Ahmed EM. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A meta-analysis of 20095 patient data. Oral Oncol 2017; 68:92-102. [PMID: 28438300 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For over a century, a heated debate existed over the possibility of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP). We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the malignant potential of OLP and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and investigate the possible risk factors for OLP malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Medline, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge for relevant observational studies. Data on OLP malignant transformation were calculated as a pooled proportion (PP), using the Der-Simonian Liard method. We performed subgroup analyses by OLP diagnostic criteria, site, and clinical type, using Open Meta[Analyst] software. Data on possible risk factors for malignant transformation were pooled as odds ratios (ORs), using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Pooling data for OLP malignant transformation from 57 studies (19,676 patients) resulted in an overall PP of 1.1% [95% CI: 0.9%, 1.4%], while pooling data from 14 recent studies that used the World Health Organization-2003 diagnostic criteria resulted in an overall-PP of 0.9% [95% CI: 0.5%, 1.3%]. The risk of malignant transformation was higher (PP=2.5%, 95% CI [1%, 4%]) in OLL patients (419 patients). A significant increase of malignant transformation risk was noted among smokers (OR=2, 95% CI [1.25, 3.22]), alcoholics (OR=3.52, 95% CI [1.54, 8.03]), and HCV-infected patients (OR=5, 95% CI [1.56, 16.07]), compared to patients without these risk factors. CONCLUSION A small subset of OLP patients (1.1%) develop OSCC; therefore, regular follow-up for these patients is recommended. A higher incidence of malignant transformation was found among smokers, alcoholics, and HCV-infected patients; however, these associations should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attia Attia
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amr Menshawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman Magdy Ahmed
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Peng Q, Zhang J, Ye X, Zhou G. Tumor-like microenvironment in oral lichen planus: evidence of malignant transformation? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:635-643. [PMID: 28494213 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1295852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Gonzalez-Moles MA, Gil-Montoya JA, Ruiz-Avila I, Bravo M. Is oral cancer incidence among patients with oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid lesions underestimated? J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:148-153. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Gonzalez-Moles
- School of Dentistry; Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - J. A. Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry; Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - I. Ruiz-Avila
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica; Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada Complejo Hospitalario San Cecilio; Granada Spain
| | - M. Bravo
- School of Dentistry; Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Rosa EA, Lia EN, Macedo SB, Amorim RFBD. In situ carcinoma developed over oral lichen planus: a case report with analysis of BUB3, p16, p53, Ki67 and SOX4 expression. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:442-7. [PMID: 26398519 PMCID: PMC4560507 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) represents a common mucocutaneous disease. Various authors have suggested that OLP has malignant potential; however, the mechanisms involved in malignant transformation have not yet been elucidated. A 79-year-old man presented a white lesion for five months in the buccal mucosa diagnosed as OLP. After two months using 0.05% clobetasol ointment for treatment, the lesion became ulcerated. A new biopsy of the same lesion was performed, and histological analysis showed an in situ oral carcinoma (ISOC). An immunohistochemistry panel was performed, and p16 expression was negative in OLP, however, it showed weak cytoplasmic staining in ISOC. There was strong nuclear BUB3 staining in both OLP and ISOC areas. p53 showed less intense nuclear staining in both regions. Ki67 was negative in OLP area, but showed nuclear staining in the ISOC. SOX4 was negative in both studied areas. BUB3 expression, first reported in this case, and the p16 expression may suggest some influence of these genes on pathogenesis or malignant potential of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Negrini Lia
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, BR
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Abstract
The oral ulcerations caused by aphtous lesions, herpetic lesions, candidiasis, ulcerative lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris are managed in a step-up approach that can involve topical, intarlesional, and systemic pharmacologic management. This article reviews the common treatment agents, modalities, and dosages. The emphasis is on local pharmacologic therapies, yet systemic conditions that often present with such oral lesions are briefly reviewed, along with the appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Radulescu
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Woodhull Medical Center, 760 Broadway, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA.
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Hu JY, Zhang J, Ma JZ, Liang XY, Chen GY, Lu R, Du GF, Zhou G. MicroRNA-155-IFN-γ Feedback Loop in CD4(+)T Cells of Erosive type Oral Lichen Planus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16935. [PMID: 26594049 PMCID: PMC4655359 DOI: 10.1038/srep16935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated immune disorder, and we have indicated a Th1-dominated immune response in OLP. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) could promote Th1 cells polarization. The present study aims to determine the role of miR-155 in immune response of OLP. The expression of miR-155 and the target mRNA was tested by Real-Time PCR. The serum levels of IL-2, 4, 10 and IFN-γ were examined with ELISA. Furthermore, in vitro study was built to observe the function of miR-155 in erosive-type OLP (EOLP). Finally, we determined the expression and correlation of miR-155 and SOCS1 in EOLP CD4+ T cells. The results showed miR-155 was high related with the disease severities. Besides, serum IFN-γ was specifically increased in EOLP group, while IL-4 was decreased. In vitro studies showed miR-155 could reinforce IFN-γ signal transducer, and the induction of IFN-γ could also promote miR-155 expression in EOLP CD4+ T cells. In addition, miR-155 levels were negatively related with SOCS1 mRNA expression in EOLP CD4+ T cells. Our study revealed a positive miR-155- IFN-γ feedback loop in EOLP CD4+ T cell, which might contribute to the Th1-dominated immune response. Furthermore, miR-155 could be used for the evaluation and treatment of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Hu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guan-Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Kujundzic B, Zeljic K, Supic G, Magic M, Stanimirovic D, Ilic V, Jovanovic B, Magic Z. Association of vdr, cyp27b1, cyp24a1 and mthfr gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus risk. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:781-9. [PMID: 26303648 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study investigated the association between VDR EcoRV (rs4516035), FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236), CYP27B1 (rs4646536), CYP24A1 (rs2296241), and MTHFR (rs1801133) gene polymorphisms and risk of oral lichen planus (OLP) occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 65 oral lichen planus patients and 100 healthy blood donors in the control group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by real time PCR or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. RESULTS Heterozygous as well as mutated genotype of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with increased oral lichen planus risk in comparison with wild type genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 3.877, p = 0.017, OR = 38.153, p = 0.001, respectively). A significantly decreased OLP risk was observed for heterozygous genotype of rs2296241 polymorphism in CYP24A1 gene compared with the wild type form (OR = 0.314, p = 0.012). VDR gene polymorphisms ApaI and TaqI were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.71, r(2) = 0.22). Identified haplotype AT was associated with decreased OLP risk (OR = 0.592, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the possible important role of VDR FokI (rs2228570) and CYP24A1 rs2296241 gene polymorphisms for oral lichen planus susceptibility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identification of new molecular biomarkers could potentially contribute to determination of individuals with OLP predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Kujundzic
- Department of Dentistry-Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Zeljic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Magic
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Stanimirovic
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia
| | - Barbara Jovanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia
| | - Zvonko Magic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
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